What are the excellent wine grape varieties cultivated in China?

1. Chardonnay

is a Eurasian species, originally from Burgundy, France, and is now mainly cultivated in France, the United States, Australia and other countries. Shandong Pingdu is the main production base of Chardonnay in China, and there are also small areas of cultivation in Hebei, Shaanxi, Beijing and other places.

The ear is cylindrical, with an average ear weight of 142.1g, with accessory ears and forked shoulders, which are extremely compact. The fruit is nearly round, with an average grain weight of 1.38g g. The peel is yellow-green, thin and rough, juicy and fragrant, with sugar content of 2.1%, acid content of .75% and juice yield of 72.5%. Strong growth potential, strong fertility and easy early high yield. It matures in Qingdao in early September and belongs to a medium-mature variety. Strong adaptability and moderate disease resistance. It is mainly used for brewing high-grade dry white wine, which is light golden yellow, clear and elegant, and can also be used for brewing high-grade champagne, which is expensive.

2. Baiyuni

Eurasian species, native to France, is one of the most famous wine grape varieties in the world. At present, it is the main raw material for brewing brandy in Yantai Changyu Company, and it is also cultivated in a small amount in Hebei and Shanghai. It is expected to become the most promising wine grape variety in southern China.

The ear of the fruit is large, conical, and shouldered, with an average ear weight of 367.7g. The fruit is nearly round, with an average grain weight of 1.46g g. The peel is thin, light yellow, the pulp is juicy and odorless, with sugar content of 19%, acid content of .66%~1.22% and juice yield of 73%. Strong growth potential, high and stable yield, strong adaptability, like fertilizer and water, more disease-resistant. Baiyuni is a special variety for brewing grape distilled liquor-brandy. For example, the most famous Cognac in France is made of Baiyuni, and it can also be used to brew table wine with excellent quality. The fruit of this variety matured in Shandong in early October, and it is a late-maturing variety.

3. Photinia albiflora

Eurasian species, native to France, has a long cultivation history. In 198s, China was imported from abroad by Great Wall Wine Company and East China Grape Brewing Company, and now the cultivation area is constantly expanding.

The ear is oblong and conical to cylindrical, with divergent shoulders and accessory ears, and the fruit grains are closely planted. The average ear weight is 315g, and the maximum is 6g. The fruit is small, round or oval, with an average grain weight of 1.26g g. The peel is yellow-green, the pulp is juicy and fragrant, with sugar content of 17.3%, acid content of .99% and juice yield of 72%. Strong growth potential, moderate fruiting strength, strong adaptability, suitable for cultivation in fertile sandy loam, moderate disease resistance and susceptibility to white rot. The fruit in Jiaodong Peninsula is ripe in mid-September, and it belongs to a medium-mature variety. It has a variety of brewing purposes and can produce dry white wine, sweet white wine, sparkling wine and champagne. Single variety wine has excellent quality and belongs to the world famous wine.

4. Easterlin

, also known as Guirenxiang, is a Eurasian species, originated in Italy and southern France, and is an ancient European grape. China was first introduced from Europe in 1892, and now it has been popularized as an excellent wine grape in the northern coastal areas of China.

The ear is cylindrical, with many accessory ears, with an average ear weight of 134g, and the fruit grains are moderately dense. The fruit is round, with an average grain weight of about 1.5g, yellow-green, thin peel and brown spots on the fruit surface. The pulp is juicy and fragrant, with sugar content of 18.5%, acid content of .8% and juice yield of 68%~76%. The tree is moderately weak, with strong seed setting and medium yield. Strong adaptability, like fertilizer and water, not drought-tolerant, strong disease resistance. The fruit ripens in early September in Jiaodong Peninsula, and it belongs to a medium-mature variety. It is an excellent wine grape variety in the world with excellent wine quality. Qingdao Huadong Yisilin dry white wine is made from high-quality Yisilin grapes and has won many international gold medals.

5. Baiyu

, alias Baiyi et al., is a Eurasian species, native to Georgia, ranking second in the world in wine white grape varieties. China was introduced from Bulgaria in 196s, and now it has become the largest and most widely distributed wine white grape variety in China.

The ear of fruit is conical or cylindrical, with divergent shoulders and accessory ears, and the fruit grains are closely planted. The average ear weight is 226g, and the maximum ear weight is 8g g. The fruit is ovoid with an average grain weight of 3.1g. Yellow-green peel, thin fruit powder, juicy pulp, pure aroma, sweet and sour taste, sugar content of 18.3%, acid content of .88%, juice yield of 73%~78%. Medium growth potential, weak growth of secondary shoots, simple pruning in summer, strong seed setting and high yield. Strong disease resistance and drought tolerance. It can brew ordinary table wine and high-quality dry white wine with excellent wine quality.

6. Cabernet Sauvignon

Eurasian species, native to Bordeaux, France, is the oldest European grape and the most famous wine red grape variety in the world. China was first introduced from western Europe in 1892, and now it is cultivated in Hebei, Shandong and other places.

The ear is conical, with an average ear weight of 175g, which is relatively compact. The fruit is round and purple-black, with an average grain weight of 1.85g, thick peel, juicy pulp, light grass flavor, sugar content of 19.3%, acid content of .56%~.71% and juice yield of 62%. Late-maturing varieties, fully mature in Yantai in early October. Strong tree potential, strong adaptability to local conditions, strong disease resistance, suitable for cultivation in fertile loam and sandy loam, like fertilizer and water. Dry red wine made from Cabernet Sauvignon is the most famous in the world for its high quality.

7. Merlot

Alias Merlot Juice and Red Semillon, a Eurasian species, originated from Bordeaux, France, is a very fashionable wine red grape variety in modern times. China was introduced from western Europe in 1892, and it was cultivated in Hebei, Shandong and Xinjiang.

The ear is conical, with shoulder and secondary ear, and the average ear weight is 238g, which is medium dense. The fruit is nearly round or short ovoid, with an average grain weight of 1.84g g. The peel is purple-black, thick and juicy, with sugar content of 18%~2%, acid content of .71%~.89% and juice yield of 7%~74%. Medium-mature varieties, berries fully mature in Qingdao in mid-September. The tree has strong potential, strong fruiting ability, easy early high yield and high yield. Strong adaptability and disease resistance, suitable for cultivation in fertile sandy soil. Suitable for brewing dry red wine and table wine. It is often blended with Cabernet Sauvignon to improve the acidity and style of the finished wine.

8. Jialiniang

Eurasian species, native to Spain, has the second cultivated area in the world. China was introduced from abroad for the first time in 1892, and now it is cultivated in northern China.

The ear is conical, with an average ear weight of 34g, and the fruit grains are closely planted. The fruit is nearly round and purple-black, with an average grain weight of 2.7g The peel is thick, juicy and sweet, with sugar content of 18%~2%, acid content of 1.%~1.4% and juice yield of about 85%. Yantai, Shandong Province, matured in early October and belongs to a late-maturing variety. Strong tree potential and high yield. Strong adaptability and disease resistance. In foreign countries, Jiali wine is often blended with other varieties to produce fresh and refreshing table wine. In China, it is often blended with other varieties of original wine to produce mid-range wine or brandy by distillation.

9. Beichun

Oushan hybrid was bred by crossing Rosa rugosa and Vitis amurensis in Beijing Botanical Garden of China Academy of Sciences in 1954. It is cultivated in Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Jilin and Liaoning.

The ear is conical with accessory ear, with an average ear weight of 259g, and the fruit grains are closely planted. The fruit is nearly round, with an average grain weight of 2.56g g. The peel is purple-black, the juice is purplish red, the pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, the sugar content is 19.1%~2.4%, the acid content is .75%~.97%, and the juice yield is 77.4%. The tree is strong and productive. Strong cold resistance and adaptability. The fruit in Beijing area ripens in mid-September and belongs to late-maturing variety. Beichun is a kind of red wine with excellent quality, clear and transparent, soft and refreshing, and mellow flavor.

1. Gongniang No.2

Oushan hybrid, which was bred in 196 by the fruit tree research institute of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences with wild grape and rose fragrance.

bisexual flowers. The panicle is conical, with divergent shoulders or accessory panicles, and the fruit grains are closely planted, with an average panicle weight of 153g g. The fruit is round and blue-black, with an average grain weight of l.16g The juice is reddish, sweet and sour, with sugar content of 17.6%, acid content of 1.98% and juice yield of 73.64%. The fruit ripens in early September in Gongzhuling, Jilin. The tree has medium potential, few secondary shoots, easy management, early fruiting, high yield and good maturity of branches and vines. Strong cold resistance, suitable for development in cold regions. In order to brew red wine, the wine is light ruby red, clear, with a fragrance similar to French blue wine, which is refreshing and has a good aftertaste.

11. Double Excellence

Jilin Agricultural University and other units were bred.

hermaphroditic flowers have moderate growth potential, good early yield and high yield year after year. Can overwinter in the open. The ear is long and conical, with an average ear weight of 132g and a maximum ear weight of 5g, and the ear is compact without green grains. Berries are round, with an average grain weight of 1.19g, and the skin is blue-black and thin. The juice is purplish red, the juice yield is 64.7%, the soluble solid content is 15.67%, and the total acid is 2.23%. Berries ripen in the first half of September. The wine is rich in color, fruity, pure and typical. It takes 13~135d from the germination of plants to the full maturity of berries.

12. double red

bred by the institute of specialty products of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences. The parent is Tonghua No.3× Shuangqing.

bisexual flowers. The plant has strong growth potential, high yield and strong resistance to downy mildew. The ear of fruit is bicuspid and conical, with an average ear weight of 127g and an average grain weight of .83g, with few green grains. The soluble solid content of fruit juice is 15.58%, the total acid is 1.96%, and the juice yield of berries is 55.7%. Berries ripen in early September. The wine is ruby red, clear, with obvious and harmonious fruit aroma, smooth taste, rich and refreshing taste, long aftertaste and good typicality. High and stable yield, from germination to full ripening of berries for 127~135d d. The ability to resist downy mildew is higher than that of Zuoshaner, Shuangqing, Shuangfeng and Shuangyou, and it is the first new downy mildew-resistant grape variety cultivated in China.