In the past 100 years, what are the major discoveries and inventions of mankind?

Major inventions; Steam engine: promoted the development of the whole industrial revolution.

Traditional horsepower or water power cannot provide the power needed for industrial revolution, and the development of steam engine energy has brought more effective and powerful power to the world. Although the ancients began to explore this aspect in the 2nd century BC, it was not until Watt's steam engine was put on the market that the commercial value of the steam engine was really opened. Many historians believe that the development of the steam engine is one of the most important inventions of the industrial revolution, because the appearance of the steam engine promoted the development of metallurgy, coal mines and textiles. The appearance of steam engine and the mechanization of textile industry increased the iron consumption of industry. Because Britain is rich in iron ore and coal mines, the increase in demand has stimulated the improvement of iron smelting technology and coal mining industry and accelerated the pace of industrialization. 1804 steam engine train and 1807 steam engine boat greatly improved the transportation conditions and assisted the development of the industrial revolution.

Telephone: Opening a New Chapter in the History of Human Communication

"Mr. Watson, please come at once. I need help!" This is the first sentence that alexander bell, the inventor of the telephone, successfully transmitted by telephone on March 1876. Since then, the telephone was born, and the history of human communication has opened a new chapter.

1973 realized the dream of wireless communication in new york, USA. At that time, the first practical mobile phone in the world was large and weighed 1.9 kg, which was a veritable "mobile phone". Today, 26 years later, the world's smallest mobile phone was born. It is only as big as a pager and much lighter than the first generation of mobile phones.

1964 is another important turning point in the history of human communication. This summer, thousands of viewers around the world watched the live broadcast of the Tokyo Olympic Games in Japan via satellite for the first time. This is the first time in human history to watch things happening thousands of miles away through TV screens at the same time. People not only lamented the spectacular opening ceremony and various competitions of the Olympic Games, but also marveled at the progress of science and technology. All this is due to the geosynchronous satellite invented by harold rosen.

1in the summer of 969, the embryonic form of the internet appeared in the United States. It consists of four computer websites, one in the University of California and the other three in Nevada. 1972, the experimenter sent the first email on the experimental network for the first time, which marked the beginning of the combination of internet and communication. In the 1990s, the Internet began to be used for commercial purposes. 1995 ushered in the first climax of network development, known as the International Internet Year. Driven by the wave of e-commerce, the Internet will have a far-reaching impact on human society in the 2 1 century.

Cars: keep pace with the times.

Cars have changed the whole traffic situation of human beings, and they have become the symbol of every industrial power.

Cars have gone through such a history: 177 1 year, France Lianzhu designed a steam engine tricycle; 1860, French Renault made a car engine with gas as fuel; 1885, Ben Ci and Daimler completed the locomotive of high-speed gasoline engine and the tricycle of two-stroke gasoline engine respectively, and successfully commercialized them. 1908, Ford of the United States mass-produced Model T cars with assembly lines, with low price, high safety performance and high speed. Cars began to spread; 19 12 years, Cadillac launched an electronic ignition starter to make women fall in love with cars. 1926, Daimler Ben Ci, the world's first automobile manufacturing company, was established; 1934, the first front-wheel drive car came out; 1940, many automobile manufacturers stopped production because of the war, and European automobile manufacturers began to turn to the production of military vehicles; In 1950s, Volvo's caravans in Germany became the most popular cars as soon as they were launched. 1970-2000, Japanese cars were popular in Asia, and ultra-high-tech small cars from Toyota, Honda, Mitsubishi and Nissan invaded the European and American markets, rewriting the monopoly of European and American brands.

In fact, the invention of the automobile greatly improved the mobility of human beings, and broadened their horizons and pursued freedom in the 20th century. Of course, the development of the automobile industry has also brought about problems such as land resources occupied by the road network, air pollution, high ticket prices, etc. But in any case, the automobile is indeed leading human beings forward and running forward. "

Television: the devil created by human beings

Modern people can eat and drink for a day, but they can't watch TV for a day.

The idea and theory of TV appeared as early as 1870. 1884, German inventor Paul? Pukov designed a "scanning disk" with holes. When the disk rotates, these holes divide the scene into small points, which are then converted into electrical signals, and the receiver at the other end recombines the signals into the same but rough image as the original image. 1926, the scot John Beaumond made a camera with Pukov's "big disc".

It was Rakimir Zokin, who immigrated from Russia to the United States, and Philo farnsworth, who was born in Utah, who really made TV with stable pictures. 1939 Expo, the world's first truly clear television broadcast, television was really born.

A big step in the history of human space.

American astronaut Armstrong famously said when he landed on the moon, "For an individual, this is just a small step; For mankind, this is "a big step firmly in the hearts of people on earth." "

1969 At 4 o'clock on July 20th, 500 million TV viewers around the world saw a "black" picture, and a voice from outer space came from the depths of the picture: "Houston, this is Jinghai base, and the eagle cabin has landed!" Next, Armstrong and Aldrin, two astronauts on the Apollo 1 1 spacecraft in the United States, asked the Houston Space Center, "We don't want to rest for four hours, we want to land on the moon immediately." Houston replied: "Agree to land on the moon immediately!" Then Armstrong turned his back outward and began to climb down the ninth ladder slowly. 500 million people around the world have seen this scene.

Landing on the moon is indeed a great progress in human space science and technology, because as Colonel Cernan, the last man to land on the moon, said, "Looking at the earth from the moon, I can't see any national boundaries. I think the earth is a whole, and my whole heart will be open. "

Computer: the hope of the future of mankind

1On February 4th, 946, representatives of the US military, government departments and famous scientists crowded together in a room at the University of Pennsylvania. When an army general gently pressed the button, the machine that occupied the whole three walls immediately lit up, and people applauded warmly and cheered loudly: "Eniak is alive!" " "Congratulations to Chief Engineer Arcot." ENIAC "is the first computer in the world.

Gene: The Eternal Password to Solve Life

10 years ago, the scientific community predicted that 2 1 century would be the century of genetic engineering. What is the main course of human genetic engineering? 1866, Austrian geneticist Father Mendel discovered the genetic law of living things. 1868, Swiss biologist Friedrich discovered that the nucleus has two parts: acidity and protein. The acidic part was later called DNA；; 1882, when German embryologist Walter Fleming was studying salamander cells, he found that the nucleus contained a large number of divided linear objects, that is, later chromosomes. 1944, American researchers proved that DNA is the genetic material of most organisms, not protein; 1953, American biochemist Watson and British physicist Crick announced the discovery of the double helix of DNA, which laid the foundation of genetic engineering. 1980, the first transgenic mouse was born; 1996, the first cloned sheep was born; 1999, American scientists cracked the sequence map of the 22nd human genome. The future plan is to prescribe drugs for related diseases according to the genetic map. Major discovery; 1. Einstein put forward the theory of relativity and explained the relationship between time and space, matter, motion and energy.

2. Heisenberg, Schrodinger and others established quantum mechanics and described the motion law of microscopic particles.

3. Rutherford and Soddy put forward the theory of element decay, which holds that chemical elements are changeable.

The Curie couple discovered radioactive elements, which laid the foundation for the utilization of atomic energy.

Rutherford discovered protons, chadwick discovered neutrons, and Moseler discovered that the atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

6. Metenas, Hahn, Friche and others discovered the heavy nuclear fission phenomenon and found a way to use atomic energy.

7. Hideki Yukawa put forward the theory of nuclear force meson, clarified the mechanism of strong interaction, and explained the reason why protons and neutrons in the nucleus combine together.

8. Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao put forward that parity is not conserved under weak interaction, which deepened human understanding of the characteristics of element decay process.

9. Watson and Crick discovered the double helix structure of nucleic acid molecules.

10. Gemov, nirenberg, Matthew, Crick and others studied the genetic code, which finally led to the discovery of the expression mode of genes on DNA.

1 1. sperry found that the left and right hemispheres of the human brain have different functions.

12. Godel found that the whole mathematics can't be arranged on the axiomatic system, and the mathematical system always contains the paradox that cannot be eliminated.

13. Ernest discovered superconductivity.

14. Jansky, Leiber, Wilson and penzias discovered radio waves in the universe, which led to the emergence of radio astronomy.

15. Based on Wei Gena's continental drift theory, geoscientists discovered the relative motion between the earth plates.

16. I.llyaPrigogine put forward dissipative structure theory, Lorenz and others put forward chaos theory, which led to the emergence of nonlinear science.

17. feigenbaum put forward the fractal theory, discovered the fractal characteristics of nature and established fractal geometry.

18. Shennong put forward the information theory, which gradually made people realize that information is as important as matter and energy and is one of the three pillars of civilization.

19. The system theory put forward by Bertalanffy and others makes people see the secret that "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts".

Carson discovered the destructive effect of DDT and other chemical pesticides on the environment, which eventually led to the birth of environmental science.