Li Shangyin's introduction?

(about 8 13 ~ about 858)

Poets in Tang Dynasty. The word Yishan is named Yuxi Sheng, also known as Fan Nanzi. Originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan), his ancestors moved to Xingyang (now Henan). Beginners learn ancient Chinese. Appreciated by the Niu Party, Ling Huchu entered the shogunate and studied parallel prose. Open two years (837), with the help of Hu Ling. The following year, our ambassador to Jingyuan, Wang Maoyuan, a member of the Li Party, was appointed as the shogunate general, and Qi took him as his wife. Therefore, he was pushed out by the Niu Party and moved to the shogunate of each buffer region, and he was frustrated all his life. There are about 600 poems by Li Shangyin. Among them, political poetry is full of irony, which is quite deep and broad. There are many poems that directly touch the current politics, especially "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb", which dates back to the ups and downs of the Tang Dynasty in 200 years, and its style is close to Du Fu's poems. His political ambition and anger are reflected in Ding An Tieta and four poems that cry about Liu Zhu. His epic satirizes the present and makes great achievements. This kind of poems often ridicule the dissoluteness of the former or current kings, and some people rely on history to express their incompetence. This kind of poems mostly use discipline, intercept specific scenes in history and spread them, which has the artistic effect of seeing the big from the small and expressing deep meaning. "Two Poems of Sui Palace and Southern Dynasties" and other masterpieces. His lyric poems are deep, delicate and sentimental, such as "The sunset is infinitely beautiful and buried by the coming night" ("Leyou Graves"). Li's poems are lyrical and not straightforward, especially devoted to beautiful songs and opinions. His poems are often fascinating and memorable. But deliberately seeking pleasure sometimes brings hidden disadvantages. His poems about objects are meticulous in style and description, and can express the inner charm of things and convey the author's feelings with the depiction of typical characteristics and the rendering of environmental atmosphere. Untitled poetry is Li Shangyin's original creation. Most of them take the love between men and women as the theme, and the feelings change from deep to sincere, and the words are elegant and beautiful. Such as "last night's stars and last night's wind" and "it was a long time before I met her, but it was longer after we parted" Some also asked Yu Youpeng for contacts and feelings of life experience, such as "when the lang comes to the moon, it is already low" and "where to mourn Zheng, I will take it urgently". There are still some poems that are difficult to understand. In addition, there are a few erotic articles that are frivolous and frivolous. These poems are not written in one place at a time, and there is no unified idea running through them. Most of them belong to the situation that the meaning in the poem is inconvenient to say or complicated to say, so it is called "untitled". Because it is obscure and tortuous, there have been different explanations for thousands of years. The basic style of Li Shangyin's poems is full of emotion and graceful words, which can bring melancholy and heavy beauty, and has a deep influence on later poetry and ci circles. His poems are widely circulated. His "Seven Laws" is the highest achievement, which inherits the rigorous and frustrated characteristics of Du Fu, and combines the brilliance of Qi Liang's poems with the beauty of folk songs in the Six Dynasties, as well as the fantastic symbolism of Li He's poems. His reclusive ci style was influenced by Ruan Ji; Some ancient styles, such as Han Bei, are close to Han Yu's songs; Some lyric landscape poems are natural and graceful without losing the charm of the quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Shangyin is a representative writer of parallel prose in the late Tang Dynasty. Its parallel prose is neat, meticulous, dense and natural.

Famous works such as Dean Xiang Hu Ling's Official Document, Worship Si Tuleideng's Official Document and Revelation of Jiangdong Gong are sincere and euphemistic. However, most of its parallel prose is officialdom entertainment, and its content is relatively poor. His prose is rare. In addition, there are some essays intended to satirize the world. There are Poems of Li Yishan, Fan Nan Wen Ji and Fan Nan Wen Ji Supplement. For his deeds, see Biography of Old and New Tang Books, Biography of Tang Talented Persons, Notes on Yuxi Chronicle by Zhang Caitian and Notes on Yuxi Chronicle by Cen.

The famous hairpin phoenix

First of all:

Red crisp hands, Huang Teng wine, mancheng spring willow;

East wind evil, thin heart,

A sad mood, staying away from the cable after a few years,

No, no, no.

Spring is as old as ever, people are empty and thin, and tears are red and sad;

Peach blossom falls, idle pool pavilion,

Although Meng Shan is here, it is hard to trust Jin Shu.

Momomo.

Second:

The world is thin, human feelings are evil, and it is easy to fall when the rain is sent late;

The wind is dry, the tears are residual,

If you want to write your thoughts, you can talk alone in the diagonal bar.

Difficult, difficult, difficult.

People become different, today is not yesterday, and the sick soul tastes like a thousand ropes;

The horn is cold and the night is hazy.

Afraid of being asked, swallow your tears and pretend to be happy,

Hide, hide, hide.

Although these two words were written by different people, the first one was written by Lu You, a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the last one was written by his ex-wife Tang Wan, but they were filled with the same feelings and helplessness, because they both told a sad love story-Tang Wan and Lu You had a romantic dream in Shenyuan.

Lu You was a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was born in a wealthy scholarly family in Yang Shan, Yuezhou. In his childhood, when the Jin people invaded the south, he often fled with his family. At this time, his mother's uncle Cheng Tang and his family had a lot of contacts with Lujia. Tang Cheng has a daughter named Tang Wan and her name is Huixian. She has been quiet and elegant since childhood, but she is not good at words but understanding. Lu you, who is similar in age, hit it off very well. They are childhood friends and bosom friends. Although in the war, two inexperienced teenagers still spent a pure and beautiful time together. As they grow older, a lingering feeling gradually arises in their hearts.

In their youth, Lu You and Tang Wan were both good at poetry, and they often poured out their hearts through poetry. Before and after the flowers, they sang poems to each other. Their beautiful figures were in pairs, just like a pair of colorful butterflies dancing among the flowers, and their eyes were full of happiness and harmony. The two parents and all relatives and friends also thought that they were a match made in heaven, so the Lu family took a beautiful heirloom as a keepsake and booked Tang's marriage. As an adult, Tang Wan became the daughter-in-law of Lujia after a night of wedding. From then on, Lu You and Tang Wan became more harmonious and loved each other more deeply. They are immersed in the world of two people, and they don't know what will happen in the evening. What imperial examinations, fame and fortune, and even family and close relatives are temporarily forgotten. At this time, Lu You has been promoted, but this is only the first step to become an official. Next, he will go to Lin 'an to take the "lock-in exam" and the does exam. The newly married Yaner's land tour lingers in the gentle village, and she has no time to take care of the exam homework. Lu You's mother, Tang, is a dignified and bossy woman. She is looking forward to her son being admitted to the top scholar, taking the official position and shining brilliantly. Seeing the present situation, she was greatly dissatisfied. She reprimanded Tang Wan several times as an aunt, and even reprimanded her several times as a mother-in-law, ordering her to put her husband's future in the imperial examination first and be indifferent to her children. However, the relationship between Lu and Tang was deep, and the situation did not improve significantly. Because of this incident, Lumu was disgusted with her daughter-in-law, and thought that Tang Wan was really the jinx of the Tang family, which would delay her son's future. So she went to the boundless buddhist nun in the suburbs and asked the nuns in buddhist nun to predict their fate for the sake of their children and daughter-in-law. Miao calculated and said seriously, "Tang Wan and Lu You don't match. First, it is misled and will eventually die. " Lumu was scared out of her wits. She hurried home, called Lu You and forced him to say, "Set a piece of paper and divorce Tang Wan, or die with her." This sentence is undoubtedly a bolt from the blue and shocked Lu You. Lu You, who has always been filial, had no choice but to swallow her tears in the face of her resolute mother. Forced by her mother's life, Lu You had to promise to send Tang Wan back to her family. This situation seems unreasonable today, and the feelings of two people are not allowed to interfere with others. But in China's ancient society, which advocated filial piety, the mother's life was the imperial edict, and it was impossible for her son to get it. In this way, a pair of affectionate mandarin ducks will be torn apart by unreasonable filial piety, secular merits and emptiness. Lu You and Tang Wan were inseparable, so they couldn't bear to go there to get together. So they quietly built a clause to house Tang Wan. Lu You and Tang Wan went to dream for the first time, looking as good as ever. But the paper can't wrap the fire, and the shrewd mother Lu soon noticed. They were strictly ordered to cut off contacts and marry another docile and filial daughter for Lu You, completely cutting off the long-term love relationship between Lu and Tang.

In desperation, Lu You had to pick up his bitter water. Under the urging of his mother, he resumed the imperial examination and studied hard for three years. At the age of 27, he left his hometown of Yin Shan and went to Lin 'an to take the "Lock-up Examination". In Lin 'an, Lu You won the appreciation of Lu Fu, the examiner, for his solid knowledge of Confucian classics and brilliant literary thoughts, and was recommended as a leading figure.

It happened that the grandson of Qin Gui, the prime minister of the dynasty, managed to win the second place. Qin Gui was deeply ashamed of his face, so he simply refused Lu You's test paper as an excuse when he did not take the exam the next spring. Lu you's career suffered from wind and rain from the beginning.

As expected, Lu You returned to his hometown, where the scenery remained the same and his face was completely new. What I saw and the people I thought of made me sad. In order to dispel his melancholy, Lu You always walks alone among the green mountains and green waters, or sits idly in a wild temple to visit the ancient times. Or go in and out of restaurants to recite poems; Or a street singer crying. So I live a leisurely and dissolute life. At noon on a warm spring day, Lu You casually strolled into the Shen Garden of Yuji Temple. Shenyuan Garden is an elegant garden with lush flowers and trees, verdant rocks and winding paths. It is a good place for local people to enjoy flowers in spring. On the secluded path deep in the garden, a woman in a cotton-padded coat came over, and Lu You, who was walking with her head down, suddenly looked up. It turned out to be his ex-wife Tang Wan who had been away for several years. At that moment, time and eyes were frozen, and their eyes were glued together. Both of them felt in a trance, not knowing whether the dream was true or not, and their eyes were full of emotion, resentment, thinking and pity. At this point, Tang Wan has been married by his family to Zhao Shicheng, a scholar in the same county. Zhao is a royal descendant of a prominent family. Zhao Shicheng is a generous and affectionate scholar. He showed sincere sympathy and understanding for Tang Wan who suffered emotional setbacks. Tang Wan's traumatized mind gradually calmed down, and new feelings began to sprout. At this time, the unexpected encounter with Lu You undoubtedly reopened Tang Wan's closed mind, and the old tenderness and myriad grievances that had been accumulated for a long time suddenly poured out, and the weak Tang Wan could not bear this feeling. Lu You, though he has been studying hard and writing poems for several years to suppress his yearning for Tang Wan, at this moment, the old feelings buried deep in his heart can't help but gush out. Four eyes are opposite, thousands of thoughts and mixed feelings, but I don't know where to start. This time, Tang Wan and her husband Zhao Shicheng went to Shenyuan and were waiting for her to eat. After a great trance, Tang Wan, who is already someone else's wife, finally took a heavy step, took a deep glance and left, leaving only Lu You in a daze among the flowers.

The breeze woke up Lu You who was immersed in an old dream. He couldn't help following Tang Wan to the pond under the willows. He saw Tang Wan and Zhao Shicheng eating on the waterside pavilion of the pool. Vaguely see Tang Wan lower the head, frown. He stretched out his jade hand to drink tea intentionally or unintentionally, and drank slowly with Zhao Shicheng. This deja vu scene broke Lu You's heart. Yesterday's dream, today's delusion and today's resentment are all around my heart. I am deeply touched, so I began to write a title on the white wall, "Feng Feng", which is the first word mentioned at the beginning.

Subsequently, Qin Gui died of illness. Lu You was re-employed in North Korea and was ordered to work as a bookkeeper in Ningde County, far away from his hometown of Yin Shan. The following spring, with an inexplicable longing, Tang Wan came to Shenyuan again, wandering among winding corridors, and suddenly caught a glimpse of Lu You's inscription. Repeatedly chanting, recalling the scene of two people's poems singing together in those years, I couldn't help but burst into tears and my heart vibrated. I unconsciously neutralized a poem that was written after Lu You's poem. This is the second "Hairpin Phoenix" mentioned at the beginning.

Tang Wan is a woman who attaches great importance to friendship. Her love with Lu You was a perfect combination, but it was destroyed in the secular wind and rain. Although Zhao Shicheng gave her emotional comfort, after all, the sea is difficult for water. The unforgettable love with Lu You has always remained in the deepest part of her emotional world. Since seeing Lu You's inscription, her heart has been difficult to calm down. Recalling the watery past, sighing the helpless world, the emotional fire tortured her, making her listless and unhappy, turning into a fallen leaf in the bleak autumn and quietly passing away with the wind. There is only a sentimental "Hairpin Phoenix", which makes people cry.

She could have had better relationships and memories. Human nature is:

What's more, things are different, and eventually they meet.

Shallow feelings are like the end, the clouds are uncertain and dreamlike.

The wishes of the poor are thinner than clouds and fresh water, and it is more difficult to be kind.

I didn't think about it carefully, but many places broke my heart. I don't agree with that person.

At this time, Lu You's career was in full swing. His literary talent was praised by Song Xiaozong, who was newly enthroned, and was awarded the background of Jinshi. Since then, my career has been smooth sailing, and I have been a servant of Bao Hua Pavilion. During this period, he not only devoted himself to politics, but also wrote a lot of poems reflecting his concern for the country and the people. At the age of 75, he wrote to ask for retirement and was awarded a gold belt to go home. Lu You has been wandering around the world for decades, trying to forget his sad past with Tang Wan. However, the farther away from home, the more Tang Wan's shadow haunts my mind. After returning from this tiring tour, Tang Wan has already passed away, which is already a twilight year. However, he still has a deep attachment to the past and Shen Yuan. He often wandered alone on the secluded path of the deep garden, recalling the scene that was deeply imprinted in his mind, and wrote the poem "Deep Garden Nostalgia":

First of all:

The dream is broken and fragrant for forty years, but the old willow in Shenyuan does not fly;

This trip is a tribute to Shan Ye, but it is still a matter of suspense.

Second:

On the city, the sunset draws a corner, and there is no revival pool platform in Shen Yuan;

Under the sad bridge, the spring waves are green, which is suspected to be a stunning photo.

Shenyuan is Lu You's homesick place and also his sad place. He is thinking about Shenyuan, but he is afraid to go to Shenyuan. Spring is coming again, the weather is sultry, birds are singing and flowers are fragrant. Although Lu You, who is in his twilight years, can't go to Shenyuan to look for traces of the past, but the meeting with Tang Wan, the iraqis' sad eyes, poor manners, helpless steps and embarrassing appearance all make Lu You fresh in his memory, so he wrote the poem Sleepwalking in Shenyuan:

First of all:

The road near the south of the city has been afraid to walk, and the injury of Shenjiayuan is even heavier;

Incense wears plum blossoms on the guest sleeves, and Qingsi Bridge is born in spring.

Second:

The small stranger in the south of the city meets spring again, and only plum blossoms are not seen;

Jade bone has been under the spring for a long time, and the ink mark is still locked in the wall.

Since then, Shenyuan has changed hands several times, and the personnel landscape has changed its former style. It is already a "powder wall drunk dust desert", and only "clouds break dreams without boundaries". One day in the spring when Lu You was eighty-five years old, he suddenly felt refreshed and light. I was going to go up the mountain to collect herbs, because my physical strength was not allowed to go to the sacred hospital. At this time, the Shen Garden was rearranged, and the scenery was roughly restored to the old view. Lu You wrote Shen Yuan's last love poem affectionately:

The flowers of Shenjiayuan are like brocade, and half of them were known that year;

I also believe that beauty will eventually become soil, and it is too late to dream.

Shortly thereafter, Lu You died suddenly.

Feudal ethics destroyed Lu You's pure love, but it could not stop Lu You from thinking and singing about love. Faced with the harsh reality, he was powerless to return to heaven, and he could only pour out his grief and indignation in useless words. A "Hairpin Phoenix" can't save Lu You's love world, but it has become a swan song.

Time has passed, the scenery of Shenyuan Garden has changed, and the poems on the powder wall have disappeared without a trace. However, these poems, which recorded the love swan song between Tang Wan and Lu You, have been circulated among lovers of later generations for a long time.

Synopsis: During the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You, a talented son of Yin Shan, was engaged to his cousin Tang Huixian. Tang Huixian was a little older, and her parents died of illness in Sichuan. Lu's mother Tang ordered Lu You brothers to take Tang Huixian there. The Tang family believes in Buddhism and often goes to Niangniang Temple to burn incense and worship Buddha. The master of the temple lived up to his purpose and raised many young people to do dirty work through the invisibility of Buddha. Seeing that Tang Huixian was beautiful, he and Qin Gui's nephew Luo Yushu conspired to give Tang Huixian to Qin Gui to please him. It is not false to say that Tang Hui Fairy is an obstacle to the growth of temples, and only by rounding up buddhist nun can he be saved. Tang Guo was confused and put Tang Huixian into the temple when Lu You tried it. Tang Huixian entered the temple, which was not empty, so he was tortured. When Zong Zichang, a chivalrous man in Yin Shan, heard the news, he sent a righteous man to sneak into the temple and killed Luo Yushu, and earned a lot of money to kill him in the village. Tang Huixian was so scared that she was unconscious. Zongzi often picked up a poem fan written by Lu You, knowing that she was Lu You's fiancee, and decided that Lu You would return to Li Shicheng. Lu You tried to go to Lin 'an, which was taboo for Qin Gui and was rejected. After returning to China, there was no news from Tang Huixian. I was deeply impressed and decided not to marry, but Tang asked around and asked for a proposal. Zongzi often suspected that a land tour was meaningless, so he decided to try his heart in Shen Yuan. Lu You was very surprised to see Tang Huixian in the garden, so he wrote the word "Feng Feng" in the handkerchief and gave it to Tang Huixian. Tang Huixian saw it and got sick. Zongzi often knows that they are deeply in love, and invites Lu You's brother Lu Ziyi to talk about the Down family. Don woke up and agreed to get married. During the period of Flowers and Candles, Tang Huixian was dying because of long-term depression. No full moon will lead to eternal regret.

More than 30 years ago, when I was performing in Beijing, I accidentally read Lu Fangweng's Ci and saw a flaw in Hairpin Phoenix, which was so sad and touching that I was moved to tears. Weng Fang was a patriotic poet in Song Dynasty, unyielding and treacherous, insisting on resisting gold. However, in the decadent Southern Song Dynasty, monarchs, ministers and Qin Gui colluded with the Jin people to betray the country and seek glory. Although they are ambitious, their ambitions are hard to reach and they have been depressed for half their lives. There are many touching things in his life, and the most unfortunate experience in his personal life is the marriage tragedy with his cousin Tang Huixian. The word "Chaitoufeng" was written for this purpose.

I (Xun Huisheng) wrote the script because I like his words very much and feel sorry for them. The purpose is to expose the poison of feudal system and feudal marriage through the tragedy of Tang and Lu. However, according to the careful "Dong Qiye's Talk" and the continued news in his later years, it is said that Tang Huixian was exiled by his aunt, changed his imperial clan, and let the man go to Shenyuan, because of the title "Hairpin Phoenix", and quoted the words of his later years, "The dream is broken and fragrant for forty years, and the old man in Shenyuan does not blow cotton." This body is mountain soil, still hanging in the air. ""The setting sun on the city draws a corner to mourn, and Shen Garden is not a reunion pool. Under the sad bridge, the spring waves are green, which used to be a stunning photo. I think that if Tang Huixian died again, Lu Fangweng might not be so persistent. There are many rumors in history, and there are also many things that are not credible in Song people's notes. For example, Xu's "Three Dynasties North Alliance" said that the wife was more suitable, and the king sent Han to bring money to make readers laugh at her fake birth. Another example is the adaptation of Zhang Ruzhou by Li Qingzhao, which is almost unanimous. According to the textual research of the preface to the record of Jinshi, later generations know that it is all empty. I think if Lu and Tang can lead an honest and clean life and meet again in the future, it will make the play more tense, touching and resonate with the audience. Because I love Lu and Tang, I acted in this play, and I shaped him with the spirit of love. Therefore, I found something strange. I wrote that Tang Huixian was exiled to buddhist nun, saved by Zongzi Chang, and tried to reunite him with Lu Fangweng. On the unexpected wedding day, Huixian fell ill and eventually became an enemy. And put the original lyrics of "Hairpin Phoenix" into the play to increase the melody. This was an attempt at that time, and Lao Huangpi had no such example.

The play was compiled in 1928 and premiered at Ming Kai (now Democratic) Theatre on August 26th of the same year. Self-decorated Tang Huixian, KAI as Lu You, Chunyan Zhang as Lu Ziyi, Zhao Tongshan as Chou-heung, and Ma Fulu as Bukong. Since then, all previous performances have been well received, and they are known as one of the five great tragedies of Xun School.

At first, there was no scene in the adaptation. Later, Mr. KAI suggested adding this detail because of the tragic atmosphere of the play, the audience's emotions were too depressed, and the play would easily heat up without making any adjustments. The backstage effect is very good. In practice in recent years, I feel that there are many original venues, which need to be refined and compressed. The theme of the play and Lu Mu's down character should be quite distinct. Therefore, it is necessary to reorganize, delete or merge the scattered fields and enrich them appropriately to make the theme more prominent. Adapted on 196 1 year.