Where does Manchu courtyard belong?

Manchu Courtyard absorbed the construction method of Manchu residential courtyard in Benxi, Northeast China, and injected a lot of elements of Kunming quadrangle building, which should be the perfect combination of residential buildings in the two places. The single pole erected in the middle of the yard is mainly to worship the gods. Yunnan Manchu10.2 million people, mainly distributed in Kunming, Baoshan, Simao, Dehong, Qujing, Lincang, Honghe, Chuxiong and other cities.

Residential buildings:

Manchu traditional houses are generally divided into three rooms: west, middle and east, with the gate facing south. The west room is called the upper room in the west, the middle room is called the hall, and the east room is called the lower room in the east. There are three health in the west, namely, south, west and north. Xikanggui, Beikangda, Nankang Small. Visitors live in Xikang, elders live in Beikang, and younger generations live in Nankang. Indoor Xikang is not allowed to sit, lie and pile up sundries at will. Manchu people regard the Western Wall as a sacred place to worship their ancestors, and are not allowed to hang clothes and paste New Year pictures here. Xikang, commonly known as "Fokang", has a "0 board", which prohibits people, especially women, from sitting and lying casually. There is a screen wall in the courtyard and a "Soren pole" for God.

Religious belief:

Manchu religions include Shamanism, Buddhism and Buddhism. Shamanism is the most representative and an ancient primitive religion. Manchu worships many gods, which can be roughly divided into natural gods, animal and plant gods and heroic ancestor gods. Natural gods include sun, moon, stars, thunder and lightning, rain, mountains and rivers, with Vulcan as the head.

Etiquette and customs:

Manchu people used to respect their elders and pay attention to etiquette. When they meet their elders on the road, they should bow sideways, bow with their hands and wait for their elders to pass by. Not only the younger generation should greet the elders, but also the younger generation should greet the elders. When relatives and friends meet, in addition to shaking hands to say hello, some people will also say hello. On New Year's Eve every year, portraits of ancestors (commonly known as "old shadows") are hung on the walls of Westinghouse for sacrifice. Manchu people regard domestic dogs as important property and are not allowed to slaughter them easily. They have the custom of avoiding beating, killing and eating dog meat. Don't cross the tripod of the stove and fireplace, don't trample or sit down on the stove or fireplace at will; Do not bake feet, socks, shoes and boots on the stove mouth or pond; It is forbidden to throw leftover food, bones, fishbones, etc. Put it in a cooker or fireplace.

Language:

Manchu originated from ancient Jurchen language and belongs to Altai language family. At first, this language only imitated Mongolian pronunciation and spelled Manchu, and was called "Old Manchu", "Unbounded Manchu" or "Ershi Manchu". Later, it gradually got used to Chinese.

Marriage customs:

The whole process can be summarized as five parts: seeing each other, giving small gifts, giving bride price and wedding. On the wedding day, the elder women with parents and children will decorate the new house, put dates, peanuts, longan and chestnuts around the quilt, give birth to the baby early, and put a wishful or apple in the middle. Play music in the bridal chamber ("loud room"). The happy sedan chair ("bright sedan chair") is placed in the yard. The groom was accompanied by his elders to the woman's house to meet the bride. After kowtowing to your parents-in-law, you can marry the bride and go home. Suona played all the way and carried the sedan chair outside the bridal chamber. Before entering the bridal chamber, put a brazier underground, and the bride's sedan chair passes above it. It is said that this is to ward off evil spirits. Before the wedding car arrived at the bridal chamber, the groom took a bow and arrow and shot three arrows at the door, commonly known as "shooting the bride with one arrow". Then put a saddle on the threshold and the bride will cross it. When the bride sits firmly on the bed, the groom can take the cover off the girl's head. The couple sat side by side on the new bed according to the position of male left and female right, and held a ceremony of sitting accounts: the older woman pressed the groom's right skirt on the bride's left skirt, and then the bride and groom drank a glass and ate half-baked pasta to show their intention of having children. Then there will be a ceremony to worship the bride and groom: the bride and groom should worship heaven and earth, ancestors, parents and elders, and husband and wife should worship each other. And the custom of having sex at night.

Clothing:

Cheongsam is a traditional dress of Manchu women, made of silk, satin, tulle or cotton and linen, with various colors and patterns. It is characterized by a standing collar, a big chest in the right hand, a tight waist and a slit at the bottom. Women don't bind their feet, their shoes are embroidered with beautiful floral decorations, and the center of the sole is padded with wooden heels with a height of 10 cm. When walking, they can hold their heads high and sway their waist. When I was a girl, I simply pulled my hair back. When you grow up to get married, you should braid your hair and put it in a bun. I like to wear earrings, bracelets, rings, hairpins, velvet flowers and sideburns. Men often wear dresses with horseshoe sleeves, belts around their waists, or dresses with double-breasted jackets. Manchu men and women like to hang ornaments on their waists or big skirts. Men have sickles, ear spoons, toothpicks, glasses cases and fan belts. Women have sachets and wallets. Most of them are sewn with silks and satins, with various colors and exquisite workmanship.

Culture:

Manchu is a nation that advocates knowledge and attaches importance to education.

Diet:

Manchu's diet is diverse and unique, characterized by sour and sticky ingredients, mainly corn, sorghum, rice, soybeans, adzuki beans and so on. Eat jiaozi on holidays and braised pork on New Year's Eve. "Killing pig dishes" is synonymous with Manchu hot pot. The Manchu "Saqima" with unique flavor is still a favorite snack of the broad masses of the people.

Song and dance:

Manchu folk songs are rich and colorful, including labor songs, folk songs, folk songs, children's game songs and love songs. During festivals, celebrations, wedding banquets, explorations, victories, birthdays, sacrifices, etc. We should like singing and dancing, among which "mangshi Dance" is the most representative. This kind of folk dance mostly dances on New Year's Eve and festive days, with one sleeve on the forehead and one sleeve on the back, hovering and posing, dancing in pairs, and some people clap their hands and sing with drums.

Festivals:

Many festivals of Manchu are the same as those of Han nationality. There are mainly Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, February 2nd, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. During the Spring Festival, it is called "Welcome the New Year" once every two years, once on the evening of 30th to bid farewell to the old year and once on the New Year's Day. The Golden Festival is a "national celebration" day for Manchu people. During the festival, traditional sports activities such as pearl ball, vault, camel jumping and skating are generally held.

Benben orchid in Yunnan ethnic village

Nuzuzhai

Miaozu village

Lahuzuzhai

Jingpo ancestral home

Zhuang village

Wazu village

Hanizuzhai

Huizu village

Bulangzuzhai

Wazuzhai

Dulongzu village

Jinuozuzhai

Achangzuzhai

Mengguzu village

Baizu village

Buyizuzhai

Deangzuzhai

Yaozuzhai

Shuizuzhai

Cangzizhai

Naxizu village

Yi Nationality Village

Yunnan Folk Museum