What does the professional foundation of asset appraisal include?

This syllabus is applicable to the entrance examination for master students majoring in asset appraisal, and all enrollment institutions make their own propositions according to this syllabus. "Professional Basic Course" Examination for Postgraduates of Assets Appraisal

It consists of economics, asset evaluation and financial management. Among them, economics accounts for 40%, asset evaluation accounts for 30%, and financial management accounts for 30%. Full marks in the "professional basic course" exam for the master of asset appraisal.

Yes 150. This examination course requires students to master the basic concepts, viewpoints, principles and analytical tools of economics. Master the basic concepts, principles and methods of asset appraisal and all kinds of asset appraisal.

The basic content of estimation; Master the basic concepts, theories, contents and analysis methods of financial management,

I. Economics

(A) the examination content of economics.

1, demand, supply and market equilibrium

(1) demand and demand function, demand law, demand change and demand change

(2) Supply and supply function, supply change and supply change.

(3) Definition of elasticity, point elasticity, arc elasticity and geometric representation of elasticity.

(4) Price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand and cross elasticity of demand.

(5) The formation and adjustment of market equilibrium and the role of market mechanism.

(6) Price elasticity of demand and income

2. Consumer behavior theory

(1) The meaning of utility, cardinal utility theory and ordinal utility theory, the basic assumption of utility.

(2) Total utility and marginal utility, and the law of diminishing marginal utility.

(3) indifference curve, budget line and consumer equilibrium

(4) Substitution effect and income effect, Hicks method and Lawsky method, Jia Xu commodity.

3. Production theory

(1) production function, short-term and long-term, law of diminishing marginal returns.

(2) The three-stage theory of total product, average product, marginal product and production.

(3) Equal production line, equal cost line, producer balance and economic production area.

(4) Cobb-Douglas production function and CES production function.

4. Cost theory

(1) Accounting cost and economic cost, accounting profit and economic profit

(2) Short-term cost function and short-term cost curve family

(3) Long-term cost function and long-term cost curve, economies of scale and diseconomies of scale, and the measurement and change law of scale income.

(4) The relationship between long-term cost curve and short-term cost curve, and the relationship between cost curve and production function.

5, the basis of macroeconomics

(1) national income accounting

(2) The concept and accounting scope of GDP.

(3) Three calculation methods of 3)GDP

The relationship between gross domestic product and gross national product

(B) the examination requirements of economics

1, demand, supply and market equilibrium

(1) Understand the concept of demand, understand the main factors affecting demand, master the demand function and demand law, master the conditions for the establishment of demand law, be able to use demand law to analyze problems, and skillfully master the change of demand and the difference between point-line motion and linear motion;

(2) Understand the concept of supply, the main factors affecting supply, the supply function and the difference between supply change and supply change;

(3) Master the definition and characteristics of elasticity, master two calculation methods of point elasticity and arc elasticity, and apply calculation in practice to master the geometric representation of elasticity;

(4) Master the concepts and calculation formulas of price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand and cross elasticity of demand, and master the range of various elasticity and its classification significance to commodities;

(5) Understand the formation process of market equilibrium, understand various factors affecting supply and demand and their influence direction, master and flexibly use supply and demand analysis tools, and analyze the influence of various factors on market equilibrium;

(6) Grasp the relationship between demand price elasticity and total income.

2. Consumer behavior theory

(1) Understand the meaning of utility, the difference between cardinal utility theory and ordinal utility theory, and the basic assumptions of utility;

(2) Master the concepts of total utility and marginal utility and their mathematical expressions, understand the law of diminishing marginal utility, and master their mathematical expressions;

(3) Understand the meaning of indifference curve, grasp the meaning, geometric explanation and mathematical expression of marginal substitution rate, understand the law of marginal substitution rate decline, and grasp the meaning of budget line and the mathematical expressions of its slope and intercept; Master the derivation of consumer equilibrium, understand the conditions of consumer equilibrium, and analyze consumers' decisions by using the conditions of consumer equilibrium;

(4) To understand the concepts of substitution effect and income effect, the price effect can be decomposed into substitution effect and income effect by Hicks method and Lausky method, and normal products, inferior products and Ji Fen products can be judged according to the decomposition results.

3. Production theory

(1) Understand the meaning of production process and production function, grasp the difference between short-term and long-term, and grasp the law of diminishing marginal returns and its scope of application;

(2) To master the concepts of total product, average product and marginal product and their mathematical forms and geometric representations, the curve forms of total product, average product and marginal product and their interrelationships, and the three-stage theory of production;

(3) Mastering the concepts and characteristics of equal yield line and equal cost line, and mastering the meaning, geometric explanation and mathematical expression of marginal rate of technical substitution, we can deduce the conditions of producer equilibrium, understand the conditions of producer equilibrium and use them to calculate the optimal combination of factors, understand the analysis of production economic zone and understand the relationship between production economic zone and production three-stage theory;

(4) Grasp the economic significance of the forms and parameters of Cobb-Douglas production function and CES production function.

4. Cost theory

(1) Deeply understand the differences between accounting cost and economic cost, accounting profit and economic profit;

(2) Understand the application scope of short-term cost function, and master the type, shape and relationship of short-term cost curve;

(3) Understand the applicable scope of long-term cost function, and master the type, shape and relationship of long-term cost curve; Master the concept, measurement method and geometric representation of scale income, and master that scale income increases first and then maintains.

Leveling the general law of final decline, grasping the difference between increasing returns to scale and decreasing returns to marginal return, understanding the reasons for the change of returns to scale are economies of scale and diseconomies of scale, and grasping the reasons for economies of scale and diseconomies of scale;

(4) Grasp the relationship between long-term cost curve and short-term cost curve, and understand the relationship between cost curve and production function.

5, the basis of macroeconomics

(1) Understand the thought and basic system of national income accounting;

(2) Mastering the concept and accounting scope of GDP can determine which activities are not included in GDP;

(3) Mastering the three calculation methods of GDP and actually calculating GDP according to the given data, mastering the main features and analysis functions of GDP, and understanding the main shortcomings and advantages of GDP;

(4) Grasp the relationship between GDP and GNP, and understand the respective scope of application of the two indicators.

Second, asset evaluation.

(a) the assessment content of the asset evaluation part

1, basic theory of asset appraisal

(1) The concept and characteristics of asset appraisal

(2) the meaning and classification of assets

(3) the specific purpose of asset appraisal

(4) the types of assets appraisal value

(5) the principle of asset appraisal

2. Basic methods of asset appraisal.

(1) The definition, preconditions, application, advantages and disadvantages analysis of the market method, the procedures for evaluating assets by the market method, and the estimation of various indicators in the market method.

(2) Definition, preconditions, application, advantages and disadvantages of cost method, procedures for using cost method, and estimation of various indicators in cost method.

(3) The definition, prerequisite, application, advantages and disadvantages, procedure of applying income method and estimation of various indexes in income method.

(4) The relationship between asset appraisal methods and the selection of asset appraisal methods.

3. Evaluation of machinery and equipment

(1) Definition and classification of mechanical equipment, characteristics and procedures of mechanical equipment evaluation.

(2) Verification and evaluation of machinery and equipment

(3) Composition and estimation of replacement cost of machinery and equipment, substantial depreciation, functional depreciation and economic depreciation of machinery and equipment and their estimation.

(4) The basic steps of evaluating machinery and equipment by market method and the analysis of comparative factors.

4. Real estate appraisal

(1) Concept, characteristics and evaluation procedures of real estate

(2) Characteristics, factors and principles of architectural evaluation.

(3) Building evaluation cost method, market method and residual evaluation method.

(4) The classification and characteristics of land assets, the price system of land assets, the factors that affect the real estate price, and the principles of land use right evaluation.

(5) Market method, income method, cost method and hypothetical development method of land use right evaluation.

5. Evaluation of intangible assets

(1) The characteristics and classification of intangible assets, the factors affecting the appraisal value of intangible assets, and the appraisal procedures of intangible assets.

(2) The functional characteristics and evaluation premise of intangible assets, the application of income method in intangible assets evaluation and the determination of various technical and economic indicators.

(3) The cost characteristics of intangible assets and the application of cost method in intangible assets evaluation.

(4) Patent evaluation, non-patent technology evaluation methods and influencing factors analysis.

(5) the method of trademark right evaluation

(6) Characteristics and evaluation methods of goodwill

6. Current assets assessment

(1) Characteristics and procedures of current assets evaluation

(2) Evaluation of materials, products in process, finished products and inventories.

(3) Evaluation of accounts receivable, prepayments, bills receivable, prepaid expenses, prepaid expenses and short-term investments, cash and various deposits.

7, long-term investment and other assets evaluation

(1) Characteristics and procedures of long-term investment evaluation

(2) Evaluation methods of listed bonds and stocks, and evaluation methods of unlisted bonds and stocks.

(3) the evaluation method of equity investment (generally using the income method)

(4) The definition of other assets as the object of asset evaluation and the evaluation methods of other assets.

8, enterprise value evaluation

(1) Characteristics of enterprise value evaluation

(2) The object, scope and evaluation procedure of enterprise value evaluation.

(3) The application of income method in enterprise value evaluation.

(4) The application of asset-based method and market method in enterprise value evaluation.

9. Asset appraisal report

(1) Concept, types and functions of asset appraisal report

(2) The basic contents of the asset appraisal report

(3) the use of asset appraisal report

10, asset appraisal standard

(1) The necessity of formulating asset appraisal standards in China

(2) The content of China's asset appraisal standard system.

(2) Review requirements for asset appraisal.

1, basic theory of asset appraisal

(1) Master the concept and characteristics of asset appraisal.

(2) Be able to define assets scientifically and clarify asset categories.

(3) Understand and master the definition, meaning and function of various asset appraisal values, and be familiar with the factors that determine and influence the value types.

(4) Understand the principle of asset appraisal.

2. Basic methods of asset appraisal.

(1) Deeply understand the meaning, application premise and application procedures of market method, cost method and income method.

(2) Master the estimation and determination of various index parameters in the application of market method, cost method and income method.

(3) Master how to choose an asset appraisal method.

3. Evaluation of machinery and equipment

(1) Understand the verification and appraisal methods of machinery and equipment.

(2) Be able to use the cost method to estimate the value of machinery and equipment.

(3) Be able to understand and estimate the physical depreciation, functional depreciation and economic depreciation of machinery and equipment.

(4) Master the estimation method of replacement cost of imported equipment.

(5) Master the steps of evaluating machinery and equipment by market method.

4. Real estate appraisal

(1) Mastering the concept and characteristics of real estate can scientifically define the meaning of real estate, understand the characteristics of buildings and land use rights, and deeply understand the characteristics of real estate evaluation.

(3) To master the principle, scope of application, application and procedures of the building evaluation market method, and be familiar with the building residual value evaluation method.

(4) Understand the land asset price system and the principle of land use right evaluation.

(5) Master the market method, income method, cost method and hypothetical development method of land use right evaluation.

5. Evaluation of intangible assets

(1) Clarify the connotation and rights of intangible assets, and understand the factors that affect the appraisal value of intangible assets.

(2) Understand the functional characteristics and evaluation premise of intangible assets.

(3) Master the evaluation characteristics of intangible assets such as patent rights, non-patented technologies and trademark rights, and master the methods of estimating their values.

(4) Master the methods of forecasting intangible assets income and estimating profit sharing rate.

(5) Grasp the characteristics of goodwill and make clear the difference between trademark rights and goodwill.

6. Current assets assessment

(1) Understand the characteristics and procedures of current assets evaluation.

(2) Master the evaluation methods of materials, work in process and finished products.

(2) Master the methods of accounts receivable evaluation.

(3) Master the main basis for evaluating the prepaid expenses.

7, long-term investment and other assets evaluation

(1) Understand the characteristics of long-term investment evaluation.

(2) Correctly use the income method to evaluate long-term investment.

8, enterprise value evaluation

(1) can scientifically define the nature, characteristics and significance of enterprise value and master the characteristics of enterprise value evaluation.

(2) Grasp the factors that affect enterprise value evaluation.

(3) Master the income method of enterprise value evaluation, and master various parameters in the application of the method.

(4) Grasp the advantages and limitations of asset-based method in evaluating enterprise value.

(6) To master the mode of evaluating enterprise value by market method and its advantages and disadvantages.

9. Asset appraisal report

(1) Master the asset appraisal report and its types.

(2) Master the contents of the asset appraisal report.

10, asset appraisal standard

(1) Clarify the necessity of formulating asset appraisal criteria.

(2) Master the content of China's asset appraisal standard system.

Third, financial management.

(A) the financial management part of the assessment content

1, basic principles of financial management

(1) Concept, object, content and characteristics of financial management

(2) the goal of financial management

2. Value measurement

(1) The concept and function of time value of money

(2) Calculation of time value of money

(3) the meaning of risk and reward, and the measurement of risk

3. Financial analysis

(1) The purpose, steps and significance of financial analysis

(2) Basic financial statements

(three) the measurement index of short-term solvency and the calculation and analysis method of each index; Measurement index of long-term solvency and calculation and analysis method of each index

(4) The measurement index of enterprise operation ability and the calculation and analysis method of each index.

(5) The measurement index of enterprise profitability and the calculation and analysis method of each index.

(6) Analysis of information disclosure and financial ratio of listed companies

4, enterprise financing decision-making

(1) Motivation and types of enterprise financing

(2) Stock financing and its advantages and disadvantages, conditions, procedures, methods and prices of stock issuance.

(4) Long-term debt financing and its advantages and disadvantages, bond financing and convertible corporate bond financing.

(5) Types, advantages and disadvantages of lease financing.

5. Cost of capital and capital structure

(1) The concept of capital cost, the capital cost of different financing methods, the calculation of retained earnings cost, and the definition and calculation of comprehensive capital cost.

(2) Dividend growth model and capital asset pricing model.

(3) the meaning of capital structure and the determination of the best capital structure.

(4) Capital structure theory and financial leverage principle.

6. Long-term investment decisions

(1) The characteristics of investment in fixed assets, the concept and method of depreciation of fixed assets.

(2) investment decision-making methods

(3) the characteristics and classification of intangible assets

(4) The definition, classification and characteristics of long-term foreign investment.

(5) Characteristics, indicators and decision-making methods of foreign equity investment and stock investment.

(six) foreign debt investment, the characteristics and risks of debt investment, and the intrinsic value of debt.

(7) The theory, method and significance of securities portfolio.

7. Short-term financial decisions

(1) Working capital and its management policy

(2) The reasons for enterprises to store cash and the determination of the best cash holdings.

(3) Management strategy of accounts receivable

(4) Current debt financing, commercial credit and their characteristics.

8. Profit and dividend distribution policy

(1) profit and its formation

(2) Profit forecast, break-even point analysis and factor analysis.

(3) Principles and procedures for profit distribution

(4) The influencing factors and forms of dividend distribution, dividend distribution theory and dividend strategy.

(B) financial management examination requirements

1, basic principles of financial management

(1) Master the concept, object, content and characteristics of financial management.

(2) Grasp the enterprise financial management objectives.

2. Value measurement

(1) Deeply understand the concept of time value of money and master the calculation method of time value of money.

(2) Understand the meaning of risk and reward, and master the method and process of measuring risk.

3. Financial analysis

(1) Understand the basic concepts, purposes and steps of financial analysis.

(2) Master the financial statements of enterprises related to financial analysis.

(3) Have a deep understanding of the solvency of enterprises, master the calculation formulas of indicators for measuring short-term solvency (current ratio, quick ratio, cash flow ratio and cash maturity debt ratio), master the calculation formulas of indicators for measuring long-term solvency (asset-liability ratio, multiple of earned interest), and skillfully use these indicators to analyze the solvency of enterprises.

(4) Grasp the indicators to measure the operational capacity of enterprises, and skillfully use these indicators to analyze the operational capacity of enterprises.

(5) Grasp the indicators to measure the profitability of enterprises.

(6) Understand some important financial indicators analyzed by listed companies, and master the calculation of earnings per share, price-earnings ratio, dividend per share, dividend rate, retained rate of return, dividend rate, net assets per share and return on net assets.

4, enterprise financing decision-making

(1) Understand the motivation of enterprise financing.

(2) Deeply understand the advantages and disadvantages of common stock financing, and master the conditions, procedures, methods and prices of stock issuance.

(4) Familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of long-term loan financing and long-term bond financing and their respective financing conditions and procedures, and master the related concepts of convertible bonds, including basic elements, issuance conditions, advantages and disadvantages, etc.

(5) Grasp the advantages and disadvantages of lease financing.

5. Cost of capital and capital structure

(1) Understand the capital cost and its calculation formula.

(2) Master the calculation of capital cost of different financing methods, including the calculation of long-term borrowing cost, bond cost, preferred stock cost, common stock cost, retained earnings cost and comprehensive capital cost.

(3) Familiar with three representative early capital structure theories, namely, net operating income theory, net income theory and traditional theory, as well as modern capital structure theory represented by MM theory, and deeply understand the principle of financial leverage.

6. Long-term investment decisions

(1) Understand the depreciation method of fixed assets.

(2) Familiar with investment decision-making methods

(3) Understand the investment decision of intangible assets

(4) Understand the basic characteristics of long-term foreign investment.

(5) Grasp the characteristics of stock investment.

(6) Grasp the characteristics of bond investment.

7. Short-term financial decisions

(1) Understand the concept of working capital and management policies.

(2) Familiar with the method of determining the best cash holdings.

(3) Understand the management strategy of accounts receivable and be familiar with the credit policies of enterprises, including credit standards and credit conditions.

(4) Understand the methods of determining the optimal economic lot size and inventory management.

(5) Understand the characteristics of short-term financing.

8. Profit and dividend distribution policy

(1) Understand the concept of profit

(2) Master the profit forecasting method

(3) Understand the principle of profit distribution

(4) Grasp the dividend distribution theory, dividend strategy, dividend distribution forms and the characteristics of dividend distribution of listed companies in China.