What are the famous stores on Beijing's wood furniture street in the Ming Dynasty?

From the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were carpenters in the Lu Ban Museum and the Da Shi Street outside the Qianmen Gate to set up wood workshops, and at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Civil War, the size of the wood furniture store up to more than 30, and therefore known as the "Wooden Furniture Street". Some of these wood furniture store specializing in hardwood furniture, some specializing in elm lacquer furniture. Long Shuncheng is the most prestigious of these wood furniture stores.

In the early years of the Qing Dynasty Tongzhi (1862), a carpenter surnamed Wang opened Longshuncheng wood furniture store, and its store named "Longshun wood furniture store", later because of the two families surnamed Wu and Fu into the shares and renamed "Longshuncheng wood furniture store." Since the absorption of Wu, Fu two families into the shares, Long Shuncheng business began to prosper, the staff from the original three or four people to fifteen or sixteen people. Production and management of the variety of increased eight fairy table, six fairy table, three-drawer table, frame several cases, cases, kitchen cabinets, money cabinets, standing cabinet, even three, square stools, stools, chairs, chairs, boxes and so on. Long Shuncheng production of various types of wood furniture, are selected from fine wood, craftsmanship is very careful, beautiful and generous modeling, durable, paint gloss bright, by the user's unanimous praise.

Long Shuncheng production of wood furniture is mainly used in elm, auxiliary materials are date wood, basswood, willow. The first process of making furniture is drying the wood, which is divided into two processes: air-drying and drying. First of all, the logs should be cut into slabs of a certain size and stacked in staggered piles in the yard to dry naturally for 1 year. The air-dried wood, yard into the fire hole, under the burning sawdust, a burn 15 days, *** baking 3 times. After air-drying and drying, the wood has less moisture, so that made of wood will not open mortise and tenon, crack.

Long Shuncheng's carpenters are all apprentices in their own store, but the master apprentice who enters the store later must obey the management of the master apprentice who enters the store first. Carpenters, whether they have learned or are learning, must be responsible for the production of a piece of woodwork to the end when doing carpentry. After it is made, the experienced foremen have to inspect it, they just have to pick it up and drop it, and from the rattling sound, they can tell whether the goods are qualified or not. Failed will let the person in charge of re-repair until qualified. Each made a product, should be in the wood underneath or on the back of the appropriate position marked with their respective work number, so that later problems, can find the person in charge of timely repairs.

After the carpentry is finished, it has to be painted. The process of lacquering is such that the first brush dipped in boiling water to scrub the white stubble products once, after the sun and wind, and then use sandpaper to lighten. Before lacquer, first on a tung oil, so that the oil penetrates into the wood, after a month of air-drying, and then on the three lacquer, that is, "an oil three lacquer". The first tung oil can be lacquer and wood tightly glued together. This made of tables and chairs and other products, bright colors, moisture-proof, not afraid of hot water, the more you use the more bright and beautiful.

Longshuncheng products, generally in the obvious places such as table legs, cabinet left side, etc. marked with "Longshuncheng" 3 words as a permanent mark.

Long Shuncheng also provide customers with after-sales service, that is, in the use of three years to remove the improper use of wood, such as paint, insects, cracks, fading and other quality, are responsible for the warranty, warranty replacement, without charging any fees, these matters in the purchase and sale of goods by a policy explains.

Long Shuncheng stipulates that the shopkeeper, the second shopkeeper, Mr. Writer, foreman, in addition to a fixed monthly salary, the end of the year can also be based on the operation of the dividends. This greatly mobilized these people.

Through them, the proprietor controls the fellows, production workers and apprentices in the store. Longshuncheng's workers were all from Shenxian, Wuyi, Raoyang and Zaoqiang counties in Hebei province, and they were all very hard-working. In order to enter Longshuncheng as an apprentice, one must first be introduced by a person, but also have a store to guarantee and make a note. Notes written on the "escape, illness and death of everything has nothing to do with the store, parents to compensate for the apprentice's meal money. If you don't abide by the rules of the store, you can be dismissed at any time.

Long Shuncheng's apprenticeship period is three years, during which there is no pay, only food, clothing and clothing to take care of themselves. At the end of the year to get the shopkeeper to reward the block of money. Apprentices have a very hard life, from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m., sometimes at night also have to work all night, every day, 14 or 15 hours, a year of vacation days only the first five days of May, August 15 each put a day, the Spring Festival put 6 days, the first six days of the first month of the first year and start to do, the first two days are some odd jobs, to the first eight of the big job.

The woodworker's diet was also poor, with three meals in January consisting of rice, rice, and pickles. Only once in a while to eat spinach soup or cabbage soup. Improvement of food time also have, the second and sixteenth generally have meat. However, it was said that the woodworkers were given meat, but in fact it was those shopkeepers, foremen, and account-writers who took the opportunity to eat and drink, and there was little meat in the workers' meals.

In 1945, the market appeared a variety of labor-saving new furniture, Long Shuncheng's elm lacquer furniture has been affected by a certain degree of business is not as good as before.

After the liberation of Beiping, Long Shuncheng participated in the public-private partnership in 1956. 1958, Long Shuncheng and the other 35 original wood street merged together, collectively known as the "Long Shuncheng tables and chairs store". 1963 moved to Yongdingmenwai Street, the main production and management of the imitation of the Ming-style wood furniture. The more famous ones are mahogany enameled round embroidery pier, pear stone surface hexagonal flower table, pear stone surface round flower table, mahogany set of several, mahogany two-drawer three-section cabinet and other products. These products have been appreciated and welcomed by users at home and abroad.