What are the main trade routes between East and West?

In the process of East-West trade, some European businessmen have long been unable to directly obtain Oriental goods. They can only buy from markets along the Mediterranean coast, and they have to change hands many times through Arabian, Indian, Nanyang and China businessmen. There are three main trade routes between East and West: one is from Central Asia to Xiaoya by land along the Caspian and Black Seas; One is to go by sea to the Persian Gulf, and then through the two river basins to Syria on the east coast of the Mediterranean; The third way is by sea to the Red Sea, and then by land to Alexandria, Egypt. In these trade routes, the east of the Red Sea is controlled by Arab businessmen; The Mediterranean region is monopolized by Venice and Genoa in Italy.