Solve the riddle of historical allusions of lanterns

Allusions refer to canon and anecdotes; Second, it refers to the ancient stories and words quoted in poetry; Third, it refers to people and events that are recognized as educational and well-known to the public. Everybody follow me to have a look! I hope it helps you.

Solve riddles; solve lantern riddles; guess riddles on hanging lanterns

Lantern riddles, also known as playing riddles, are a unique form of Han folk cultural activities in China, and have been the characteristic activities of the Lantern Festival since ancient times. On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, Han people hang lanterns and set off fireworks. Later, some busybodies wrote riddles on paper and posted them on colorful lanterns for people to guess. Because solve riddles on the lanterns can enlighten wisdom and cater to the festive atmosphere, many people responded. Later, solve riddles on the lanterns gradually became an indispensable program for the Lantern Festival. Lantern riddles add to the festive atmosphere, showing the intelligence and wisdom of the ancient Han working people and their yearning for a better life.

1, basic information

Qing dynasty-solving riddles on lanterns

Hit the wall lamp and post three questions, rubbing shoulders and guessing puzzles.

This seems to be a question filmed in the previous court, and Si Wen is alert to solve the question.

Soft anecdote

As a kind of Han folk culture with a long history, "Wulin Old Stories and Others" contains: "Write poems with silk lanterns, mock the rich, draw characters, hide argot, and tease pedestrians with old Beijing slang. On the Lantern Festival, the imperial capital stayed up all night. The Lantern Festival in the Spring Festival Evening is full of various performances. Poems and riddles are reflected on lights and candles and juxtaposed on the avenue for anyone to guess; So it's called a lantern riddle. Good puzzles organize more puzzle clubs. Mystery clubs were also popular in the Qing Dynasty. For example, during the Guangxu period, lantern riddle organizations such as Zhuxi Houshe, Shehu and Ping She appeared. In the meantime, solve riddles on the lanterns people gathered, and every teahouse or restaurant or private house was used as a place for solve riddles on the lanterns. Or study and discuss; Or hang a riddle to attract speculation and entertain the people. Lantern riddles have four sides, three of which are labeled and one is attached to the wall. This kind of lamp is also called wall lamp. Whoever guesses correctly will be given a small gift as a souvenir. In the Qing Dynasty, Tao Zhen wrote a poem "playing riddles": "If you lean on a lamp, you can hang the door, but grass can busy the art garden. If you want to ask, you will still doubt it, and you have to consider fame and fortune. 』

Step 2 introduce

concrete construction

The structure of lantern riddles consists of three basic elements, namely, riddle, riddle and riddle. These three parts are indispensable. "Mystery" is the condition for telling riddles and the basis for thinking riddles. This is like a "hypothesis" in geometry. "Mystery" is to limit the scope of what kind of "transaction" and answer, which is like "verification" in geometry. The answer is the answer. This is like a proven result in geometry. For example, the answer to "there is a road in the mountains, and there is a plan in the diligence" (guess the title) is "applied mechanics". Among them, "there is a road to improvement in Shushan" is a mystery; "Subject name" is a mystery; "Applied mechanics" is the answer. Another example is "flowers fade, red and green apricots are small" (guess a technical term), and the answer is "the latest achievements". Among them, "flowers wither, red and green apricots are small" is a riddle, "technical terms" is a limited riddle, and "latest achievements" is the answer.

Ethnicity

In ancient times, every Lantern Festival, people always regarded Cao Fu as a joke. Lantern riddles first developed from riddles and originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. This is a literary game full of ridicule, discipline, humor and banter. Lantern riddles hung on lanterns for people to guess and shoot began in the Southern Song Dynasty. "Old Things in Wulin: Lights" records: "People make poems with silk lanterns, laugh at them, draw characters, hide their heads and slang, and tease pedestrians. Solve riddles on the lanterns is a traditional form of entertainment in China. It uses artistic techniques and the laws of Chinese characters, focusing on the change of meaning, and often uses a word and a poem to make riddles, which can not only achieve the purpose of entertainment, but also increase people's knowledge and be loved by people.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, word games such as "argot" and "crossword puzzle" appeared in the court and literati, which can be said to be the earliest lantern riddle. At that time, some lobbyists, out of interest, often did not say their original intentions when persuading the king, but borrowed other languages to hint and inspire him.

This kind of "hidden" discourse was called "Geng Ci" at that time (Geng means hidden), also called "argot". After Qin and Han dynasties, this kind of atmosphere became more prevalent. There is an inscription "Yellow Silk Young Woman Sun Zijiu" behind Cao E's tablet in the Western Han Dynasty, which means "Miao Yan", that is, "argot".

"Wen Xin Diao Long Yin Xie" pointed out that "since Wei ... this gentleman's ridicule has become a riddle". In the Tang and Song Dynasties, "literary riddles" developed day by day, and more people made puzzles and guessed riddles. "In the Southern Song Dynasty, during the Lantern Festival, literati wrote riddles on gauze lanterns, which made people guess.

The riddle can be said to be a veritable riddle at this point. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, all the towns were hung with lanterns before and after the Spring Festival, which was unprecedented.

There is another story about the origin of lantern riddles among the Han people:

On the Lantern Festival, the imperial city stays up all night, and the people enjoy the Lantern Festival in spring. Poems and riddles are written on lanterns, reflected on candles and listed on the road, which is called "lantern riddles". Solve riddles on the lanterns became a riddle, and there is an interesting story. According to legend, a long time ago, there was a rich man named Hu, who was called "a smiling tiger". This smiling tiger, who hates poverty and loves wealth, will always be a fish village.

A poor scholar named Wang Shao in the village decided to have a smiling tiger, Doby.

One year, when the Lantern Festival arrived, every household was busy making lanterns. Wang Shao has been busy all day. On the night of the Lantern Festival, Wang Shao lit a lantern and walked into the street. I saw this lantern tied big and bright, and what's more special is that there is a poem engraved on it. Wang Shao came to the smiling tiger and held the lantern high, which attracted many people to watch. A smiling tiger was busy squeezing into the lantern and saw four poems engraved on it:

The tip of the head is as white as silver, and there is no half on the scale. Eyes grow to the bottom and only recognize clothes and not people.

When the smiling tiger saw it, he shouted angrily, "Good boy, how dare you scold your master!" " "He cried, ordering a servant to get a lantern. Wang Shao quickly picked up the lantern and said with a smile, "Sir, how can I see that I am scolding you? A smiling tiger said angrily, "What did you write on that lamp?" "

"Who am I cursing?" Wang Shao still smiled and said, "Oh, your rule is suspicious. My four poems are a mystery, and the answer is' needle'. Think about it? " A smiling tiger thought: Yes! I just glared angrily, turned around and slipped away in embarrassment. People around you saw it and just laughed happily.

In the second year of Lantern Festival, people followed suit and wrote riddles on lanterns for people to guess and shoot for fun. So it's called "lantern riddle". Since then, solve riddles on the lanterns has become an important activity of the Lantern Festival. There are several chapters in A Dream of Red Mansions about guessing riddles on lanterns in the Qing Dynasty. Lantern riddles have been passed down to this day. Although Spring Lantern Riddle belongs to the literary trail, it covers all aspects from astronomy to geography, classics to history and modern knowledge. Unless you have a certain cultural literacy, it is not easy to guess. And its mystery is enough to express one's feelings, exercise one's thinking and inspire one's spirit. This is an educational entertainment.

Guess rule

There are rules for writing poems, and rhyming and antithesis are emphasized. There are also two established rules for solving riddles in Lantern Riddle: First, simple vocabulary explanation or knowledge quiz can't be regarded as lantern riddle, even riddles can only be regarded as low-level works. For example, as we all know, "Guilin's landscape is the best in the world", if China takes "landscape is the best in the world" as a guess. If the word "Shantou" is synthesized from "landscape", the word "Jiatianxia" means "Tou" and is guessed as "Shantou", but two unrelated sentences can be collocated together, isn't it interesting? Second, the words on the riddle must not appear in the riddle. Unless it is marked with the words "Lu Chunge", the bottom and the surface cannot be contradictory. For example, many people guess the store with "Celebrating the whole world" to guess "Quanqing". Because the answer has been made with the word "Qing", this answer will certainly not be established. Thirdly, some riddles skillfully borrowed the ideographic rules of radicals, such as Yao Jiahuo cooking. Fourth, some of them are half descriptions of glyphs and half insinuations of word meanings. For example, smelly people hate it because they are arrogant.

The expansion of the historical significance of lantern riddles

There are many riddles of lantern riddles, which can be basically summarized as the following methods:

First, the forward deduction method

Positive deduction is also called positive knowledge method or positive guess method. This method is based on the positive meaning expressed by riddles, without copying the winding path, and directly comprehends and infers, thus associating the answer. For example, guessing the movie star "Nina Li Chi" with "the benefits of guessing" is a positive analysis, which is interpreted as "guessing is conducive to enlightening wisdom" and linked to riddles. Guess the idiom "move another day" means to change the location directly.

Second, the anti-buckle method

If the straight buckle method doesn't work, you should change the buckle method and don't get stuck in a single buckle method, otherwise you will never find the answer. Reverse deduction is also called reverse deduction, which is just the opposite of forward deduction. It is based on the hints of riddles, reasoning from the opposite side and seeking answers. For example, guess the proverb "I don't understand" with argot, and guess the idiom "I can't make inferior goods" with "I must make excellent products". Although the statement is contrary, the original intention is the same.

Third, the side buckle method

This method is not to understand from the front, nor to guess from the back, but to start from the side or protrude from the middle. For example, we can guess the food "lunch meat" by "fasting in the morning and evening", which means fasting in the morning and evening, so lunch is meat. Let's guess the idiom "Enjoy" by "both advance and retreat", which means to solve the problem of both advance and retreat, and then "enjoy" is caught in the middle.

Fourth, other solutions.

It is to change the original intention and make another explanation by using the characteristics of polysemy of Chinese characters. The technique of making riddles interesting has always been promoted as authentic riddles. For example, my book guesses the idiom "very interesting" with "movies", and the original interpretation is "a lot of content or hope", but here it is not interpreted as "only adults have the opportunity to watch", which is a mystery.

Others use riddles to interpret, such as "dishonesty" to guess the plant "longevity fruit". The word "real" in the riddle is not interpreted as "sincerity", but as "fruit", and then "longevity" is deducted from "longevity" to form the riddle "longevity fruit"

Fifth, the method of adding words

It is to add radicals and radicals of certain words to an answer or riddle to form another word or word. For example, Geng guessed that the idiom "convenient for people" is to add the word "Geng" to the side of "people" to become the word "edge", and the answer is "uneasy" and "embarrassed", which means that the word "love" can only become the word "love" when it is put together with a word "heart". The beauty of this riddle is that

Six, the word loss method

Is to remove some strokes from the words in the riddle to get the answer. For example, in the ancient riddle "The spring rain is continuous, and the wife is left alone", it is guessed that the word "one" means "spring" when it rains, and the word "husband" is not in spring, so "day" and "husband" become "one". Guess the simplified word "cluster" with "no one is behind" and the first three words of the riddle.

Seven, the method of increasing losses

It is the same riddle, which combines the two methods of "adding words" and "losing words" mentioned above. For example, guess the word "rest" with "physical disability", deduct the word "self" with "physical disability", deduct the word "heart" with "mental disability" and deduct the word "rest" with the answer. Guess the word "pan" by weeding and watering the vegetable field, which means that the word "vegetable" is removed from the grass first, and the word "field" is combined into the word "fan", and then the word "pan" is watered, which is very interesting.

Eight, the combination method

Is to directly combine the words of the crossword puzzle or related strokes. For example, guessing the word "miscellaneous" from "eight nine is close to ten" means adding the three words "eight, nine and ten" together to form the word "miscellaneous". To guess the word "country" with "bigger heart" is to complement "bigger heart"

Nine, separation method

Contrary to the law, the words on the riddle are crossed, folded and divided into several parts, which is the answer. For example, guessing the common phrase "eighty-nine is close to ten" with the word "miscellaneous" and guessing the idiom "standing at thirty" with the word "letter" is a good mystery.

X. separation method

This method is to combine the above two methods, that is, to separate and combine the' characters' on the puzzle. This method is similar to the loss increasing method. For example, the word "Lin" was guessed after the Chinese parasol tree was half dead and first frost, which means that two characters "wood" were taken from the Chinese parasol tree to form the word "Lin". After first frost, half of the word "rain" was left and then combined into the word "forest". Guess the word "Dan" with "late spring and early summer", deduct the word "day" with "late spring", deduct the word "one" with early summer, and then combine it into the word "Dan"

XI。 Staggered method

It is to adjust the structure and rearrange the words on the puzzle to form another word. For example, guessing the word "scenery" and "emotion" with "scene blending" means exchanging the parts of "emotion" and "scenery" in half to get the answer.

Twelve. Displacement method

By moving the part of the word, the bottom is locked. For example, guessing the idiom "dizzy" means that hui is formed because of the dizzy direction. Obviously, guessing the word "Li" with the rising sun moved the word "Xu" to the top.

Thirteen. Offset method

It is to eliminate some words according to the meaning of the riddle and let the remaining words promote the bottom buckle. For example, the puzzle "waste" and "non-waste" cancel each other, leaving only one word "product", and then the word "product" and "fork" are locked together. This is a mutually exclusive riddle.

Now, I'm going to introduce you to an old riddle, the answers of which cancel each other out for your appreciation. The ancients used antithesis to guess that the Analects of Confucius was "Jin people have Feng wives". The answer is "Ye Gong asked Confucius Lutz, and Lutz answered irrelevant questions." The beauty of it is that the puzzle is correct, and only the word "Ye Gong asked Confucius" can be found. Adding the word "Luz" is reasonable and cannot be paired. Fortunately, the second sentence "Lutz is not right" cancels the word "Lutz" in the first sentence, which conforms to this difficult problem. Really love is like oxygen. This is a wonderful mystery.

Fourteen Inclusion method

Is to find out the strokes or radicals contained in the riddle text as the answer. For example, "advocate late marriage, everyone has a share." Guess the word "day" refers to the word "advocating late marriage" in the first sentence of the riddle, and everyone has a copy of the word "day" For example, the popular riddle: "There is no heaven on earth, no husband on wife, no dog on horse." Every sentence contains a word with the same meaning, that is, the word "person".

Fifteen, word leakage method

It is to choose regular phrases, idioms or common words, and deliberately leave out one or two words, so that the answer consists of the missing words and appropriate negative words. For example, use the "gold, silver, copper and iron" in hardware to guess the place name "Wuxi" in China. Guess the idiom "green and yellow don't connect" with "red, orange, green, blue and purple" in seven colors. Even some people use "23456789" to guess that "lack of clothes and food (1) and food (10)" belong to this kind of missing word method.

Sixteen, transportation coding method

Is to use well-known allusions. When guessing, we must first understand the content or source of allusions, and then we can easily find the answer. For example, guess the insurance term "beneficiary" with "fighting between snipes and mussels". In the original work, the snipe and the clam compete, and the fisherman gains. The fisherman is a human being, so he guessed "beneficiary". Then guess the idiom "can't extricate oneself" by "encouraging seedlings", which is also an idiom allusion. Historical allusions, such as "beheading Cai Yang", are often used to guess the name of Liang Shanbo, and the answer is "Guan Sheng, Zhang Qing", which is based on Gu Chenghui's allusions in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, saying that Guan Yu beheaded Cai Yang, which made Zhang Fei awake and his brothers reconciled.

Seventeen, question and answer method

Questions are riddles and answers are answers, but they must be misinterpreted as riddles. For example, "What should I do?" Guess the sports term "women's group". This riddle first explains the riddle as how to be "good". The answer must consist of two words: "female" and "child". Use "right?" Guess a thousand poems, and the answer is "Where is the restaurant?" Originally, the word "ba" in the riddle was translated into Chinese as "bar", but guessing "restaurant" and the question mark was "excuse me, where is it?" It was quite interesting.

Eighteen, overlapping word method

The riddle is composed of overlapping words, and the answer is cut by combining calculation methods, such as guessing the ancient "land tour" by "swimming and swimming". There are six words "swim" in the riddle, which means "swim". Guess the word "miscellaneous" with "dense forest" and guess the word "resentment" with "conformity", which belongs to the overlapping method.

Nineteen. exclusive method

Is to eliminate the mystery that is easy to guess, and clearly point out that we should guess other mysteries. For example: "A tree planted in the mouth is not sleepy or bored". If you guess a word, the answer should exclude "sleepy" and "dull", so guess the word "bundle". Guess the word "move" with "more trees and one stroke, no guessing grain"

Twenty, pictographic method

Take Chinese characters as hieroglyphics, and compare their strokes, structures, parts or all of them with the shape of an object. For example, people are shaped like flying geese, insects are shaped like solitary sails, and they are shaped like stars, pills, melon seeds, tears and so on. For example, Qi Fei the Wild Goose guessed "Cong" and "Three Stars Accompanying the Moon" guessed "Heart".