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Motivation of Wushu Routine Development

This paper expounds the motivation of the development of Wushu routines from three aspects: human physiological needs, psychological needs and the social function of Wushu itself.

Wushu is a unique traditional sport in China and a treasure in the cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. There are not only fitness functions, but also martial arts performances. Because of its rich content and various forms, it is of great significance to active cultural life. After the founding of New China, Wushu has become one of the most extensive and popular sports, and has developed vigorously and healthily. At the same time, through international sports exchanges, China Wushu is popular all over the world and is gradually loved by people all over the world.

Wushu mainly includes two action forms: attack and routine. Wushu routine is a set of practice forms based on the changing laws of offensive and defensive movements, offensive and defensive movements, static and dynamic movements, rigid and flexible movements, etc. It's called "routine exercise". It is generally believed that routine exercise is a highly refined and artistic expression of Wushu, which comes from Wushu and is higher than Wushu, and is the highest expression form of Wushu. The reason why it is the highest form of Wushu is that it comes from Wushu and is further standardized and artistic. Just as literature and art come from life and are higher than life, most of the movements in the routine are based on martial arts, which still maintains the practical side of martial arts, with both offensive and defensive characteristics and fitness significance.

1, people's physiological needs are the reasons for the emergence and development of routine sports.

In primitive society, low productivity and huge fierce beasts are a great threat to the survival of primitive people. Hunting is a necessary activity for primitive human survival. Hunters are also soldiers, weapons in battle, that is, hunting tools. The harsh living conditions force human beings to constantly improve their physical strength and intelligence, and develop the offensive and defensive fighting skills with bare hands or simple weapons in the process of collective labor and tribal wars. Such as kicking, dodging, jumping, falling, etc. This is the bud of boxing. Split, split, stab, stab and pull are the seeds of the use of long and short instruments in Wushu. It can be seen that Wushu originated from productive labor.

After the victory of the war or during the labor break, people often perform the winning skills of fighting and hunting in the form of "dance" to show their martial arts and honor. In this form of "dance", offensive and defensive actions are abstractly reproduced, with the purpose of expressing one's feelings or performing offensive and defensive methods. There is no fixed action standard for the successful use of one punch, one leg, one blow and one stab in war. So in the process of dance practice, there is no hard and fast procedure. After a long history, with the development of social material production, people's fighting dance methods are constantly improving. This kind of dance practice without programs has gradually become a "martial dance" with programs and themes. In the future, with more and more artistic factors of "dance", the offensive and defensive fighting factors of "Wu" decreased, which became an artistic activity that people particularly appreciated, and the dance practice forms and rich practice skills in "Wu" became the main content of routine skills in the future.

2. People's psychological needs promote the emergence and development of routine sports.

Everything in the world is promoted and restricted by other things to varying degrees. As an artificial art, the emergence and development of Wushu routines are bound to be restricted and promoted by human beings. After people meet the most basic physiological needs (maintaining life), what follows is psychological needs. The satisfaction of psychological needs is also the satisfaction of people's various tastes, which is not constant, but develops with the development of social material production. As an art, Wushu routine will inevitably change with the change of people's aesthetic taste, which is the inevitable law of its existence and development.

In primitive society, due to low productivity and numerous wars, "martial arts dance" is a refined martial arts action, but it is still close to actual combat. In the Tang Dynasty, where the ancient culture of China was highly developed, the national strength was strong, the economy was prosperous, foreign trade was developed, and cultural exchanges were frequent, which created favorable conditions for the prosperity of various arts. From the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu's "Watching Gong Sundaniang's Disciples Dance Sword", we can see the characteristics and nature of "Wushu Dance" at that time. "Many years ago, there was a beautiful Gongsun. She danced her dagger and attracted from all directions. It was depressing to look at the mountain and the world was low ..." From this poem, we can see the difference between it and the primitive society's "martial dance". That is, the "martial arts dance" in primitive society has practical significance, while the latter mainly focuses on expressing artistic effects. Of course, we can think that this is related to the development of social material production level and people's aesthetic level.

Routine is composed of many continuous technical and artistic movements. People can not only get the feeling of external formal beauty from these movements, but also get the feeling of artistic beauty like traditional Chinese painting from the comparison of the strength, speed and ups and downs of the movements, which makes people have unlimited associations. This kind of association can express people's feelings and get a pleasant emotional experience. Routine not only has high appreciation value, but also has strong fitness value. Its fitness value, like appreciation value, has been recognized by people since the day when the routine sprouted. It is the need of people's fitness and art appreciation that makes it come into being and develop.

3. The function of routine is the fundamental reason for its emergence and development.

Wushu routines are derived from attack and defense, which can be proved by the fact that most actions of Wushu routines embody the methods of attack and defense, but it is different from attack and defense. If the movements in the routine are used in actual combat, it obviously does not meet the needs of practice. Therefore, routine is not equal to actual attack and defense, it is a series of arrangements for people to transform, sort out and refine martial arts movements before adding other artistic content. With the development of the times, the material production has become more and more abundant, and the routine content and various exercise skills have become more and more diverse, which has led to the emergence of ornamental and fitness boxing, such as Mulan Boxing, which has little practical technical significance.

There is no requirement of actual combat and attack for the actions that make up the routine content, which determines the development direction of the routine. Before the routine was completely formed, it can be seen from historical documents that the rudiment of Wushu routine or Wushu routine mostly appeared in the form of "martial dance" or "sword dance". Such as Ganqi Dance, Donghai Palace and Breaking Chen Le. These "martial arts drama" scenes related to martial arts are all refined and arranged from actual combat actions, and the purpose of martial arts dance is: first, to stretch people's bones and muscles and exercise their bodies; The second is to express life, to stimulate people's emotions from the reappearance of the scenes of man-beast wars and fighting in the past, so that people can enjoy beauty.

Most of the contents of routines are based on Wushu, so the development of Wushu will undoubtedly promote the development of its form-routines. At the turn of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, a simple theory of materialism of Yin-Yang and Five Elements appeared. Yue Nv was a folk martial artist during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was one of the predecessors who applied the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements to martial arts in ancient times. In the Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu Yue, Yue Nv talked about the way of casting swords, and brilliantly expounded the contradictory dialectical relationship between motion and stillness, speed and slowness, attack and defense, emptiness and reality, opposition and obedience. Using this simple dialectics of yin and yang in ancient philosophy to explain the sword theory has greatly promoted the practice style of routines in the future. Later generations applied the theory of Yin and Yang in actual combat to the routine and reformed it to serve the effect of the routine. It is not difficult to see the great role of this influence from the characteristics of the rhythm transformation of today's routines, such as "combining rigidity with softness, the combination of reality and falsehood, the combination of motion and static, and ups and downs". It is with the participation of this rhythm that the routine can fully show the artistic effect and appeal of the meaning of attack and defense, making it more in line with people's health and aesthetic needs. In the process of performance and practice, the combination of footwork, action, posture and action organized by this rhythm is actually the main hint of action meaning in routine performance, which infects viewers and practitioners from the visual and ontological sense, thus directly feeling the meaning of routine action from routine practice. Therefore, the existence of routine function is the fundamental motivation for its emergence and development.

4. The development trend of routine sports.

Nowadays, people are used to calling Wushu national traditional sports, which is actually defined by modern people from the perspective of modern social consciousness. China Wushu has been deeply influenced by China's traditional culture and religious thought for thousands of years, and restricted by China's backward feudal society, productivity development level and its social environment. It is a means of fighting and a form of mass entertainment, at least before modern sports were introduced into China. Therefore, Wushu can't be one of the contents of modern sports until it is standardized by modern sports. Strictly speaking, this situation only changed after the founding of New China. The transformation of Wushu's social function is the choice people make to Wushu according to the needs of modern society. The practicality of Wushu can only be the same as the purpose of other sports today, so that sports can exercise themselves physically and mentally, just as the purpose of learning boxing in the west is not to fight, but to compete and keep fit. Only in this way can martial arts be accepted by most people.

The Wushu routine that we need in today's society should be a form of physical exercise that combines China's traditional Wushu skills with western modern sports. It can be traditional and national in content, but it must be modern and universal in form. As a standardized sport, Wushu routines can only be accepted by people living in other cultural traditions. As a traditional fighting method, Wushu has gradually disappeared, which is the reality that we must face in the development of Wushu routines today. When inheriting and carrying forward the precious heritage of national traditions, we must stand at the height of the times. For tradition, we must clearly realize that traditional things are only the embellishment of modern society. Because modern people and modern society are constantly creating and forming new traditions, this new tradition is closer to them and more practical. People will treat Wushu with the same attitude, so the only way out for the development of Wushu routines is to proceed from the actual needs of modern society and go to the Olympic Games, so as to become a good fitness exercise accepted by more nationalities in the world.

To sum up, people's physiological and psychological needs enable the emergence and development of Wushu routines, and the formation and improvement of Wushu routines are directly related to the further development of society. Primitive humans struggled for survival in the struggle with nature. With the development of productivity and social material production, people are gradually liberated from heavy physical labor, and Wushu routines must and will continue to develop with the development of the times. This development direction is directly related to people's needs, that is, people's needs determine the development direction of Wushu routines.