Training techniques of exercise therapy

1. joint movement technology

(1) Active exercise patients actively contract muscles to complete joint movements or movements, thus maintaining joint range of motion training. Various commonly used unarmed gymnastics or instrumental gymnastics.

(2) Active power-assisted exercise With the help of external force, patients actively contract muscles to complete exercise or action. Therapists, patients' healthy limbs, instruments, gravity or buoyancy of water can all help. This kind of exercise is often a form of transition from passive exercise to active exercise, with the aim of gradually strengthening muscle strength. Commonly used hanging exercises, pulley exercises and weapon exercises.

(3) A training method in which passive exercise patients complete joint movements by themselves or with the help of therapists, so as to maintain and increase the range of joint activities.

2. Soft tissue drafting technology

Stretching is a therapeutic method to prolong contracture or shorten soft tissue. The purpose is to improve or restore the ductility of soft tissues around joints, reduce muscle tension and increase or restore the range of motion of joints. According to the source, mode and duration of drafting force, drafting can be divided into manual drafting, instrument drafting and self-drafting. Clinically, it is mainly used for shortening muscles, connective tissues and skin, and narrowing the range of motion of joints caused by soft tissue contracture, adhesion or scar formation.

3. Muscle strength training techniques

According to the overload principle, the therapist applies resistance or the patient uses his own gravity to provide dynamic or static active resistance training. According to the contraction mode and resistance form of muscle, it can be divided into isometric exercise, isotonic exercise and isokinetic exercise, which is mainly used for training patients with weak muscle strength (below grade 4).

4. Walking training techniques

Include pre-walk training and walk training. The former is a series of training for patients to prepare for walking, so as to improve the adaptability of patients to standing and walking positions. The latter is the exercise of walking ability by patients themselves or using different walkers.

5. Neurodevelopmental therapy

It is a method to treat limb dyskinesia after brain injury, which appeared in the 1940s. Its typical representatives are Bobath technology, Brunnstrom technology, Rood technology and so on. This technique focuses on the nervous system and applies the basic principles and rules of nerve development and neurophysiology to the rehabilitation of dyskinesia after brain injury. According to the order of head and tail, proximal end and distal end, treatment becomes a process of learning and controlling movements.

6. Exercise relearning therapy

Training to restore motor function after central nervous system injury is regarded as relearning or relearning treatment. It is based on biomechanics, human kinematics, neurophysiology and cognitive psychology, and it is homework-or function-oriented, emphasizing patients' subjective participation and training patients' motor function according to scientific motor learning methods.

7. Aerobic training

Aerobic training is endurance training, which aims to increase the human body's ability to inhale, transport and utilize oxygen. It is also a fitness method to improve the body's aerobic metabolism ability. This training method is simple and easy to implement, and the training method does not require high skills. Its sports methods include walking, aerobics, swimming, cycling, running in situ, climbing stairs, skipping rope and so on. The physiological load of human body is determined by the intensity of exercise, the times of training and the duration of each training. And the human body can train through self-monitoring, so it is safe and effective. Generally, moderate-intensity endurance training has a good effect on cardiopulmonary function, which can increase load and oxygen carrying capacity, promote the process of aerobic catabolism and anabolism, and increase muscle contraction.