Brief introduction of rice planting and production technology

1. Soil preparation: This process is divided into three periods: rough tillage, fine tillage and leveling. In the past, people used animals and plows, mainly buffaloes, to prepare and plow the land, but now, people use machines to prepare the land.

2. Nursery: In modern times, special nursery centers use nursery boxes to cultivate seedlings. Good seedlings are the key to the success of rice cultivation. When the seedlings grow to about eight centimeters, they can be transplanted.

3. Transplanting: The traditional transplanting method will mark the rice field with seedling rope, seedling label or transplanting wheel. When transplanting rice by hand, you will wear a seedling separator on your left thumb to help farmers divide seedlings and insert soil.

4. Weeding and pest control: when the seedlings grow, they should be taken care of from time to time, weeds should be pulled out, and sometimes pesticides (such as snails) should be used to kill insects.

5. Fertilization: When the seedlings are raised and the first rice stalk grows, it is called tillering stage. During this period, fertilization is often needed to make rice seedlings grow healthily and promote the fullness and quantity of rice quality in the future.

6. Irrigation and drainage: Rice is more dependent on this procedure. Take upland rice as an example, it is upland field, and the process of irrigation and drainage is very different. However, it is generally necessary to strengthen irrigation after transplanting, when young panicles are formed, and when heading and flowering.

7. Harvest: You can start harvesting when the ears of rice hang down. In the past, it was cut with a sickle and then tied, and the ears of rice were separated with a threshing machine. There is a harvester in modern times, which directly separates the rice ear from the stem after the rice ear is involved, and one ear of rice becomes rice.

Morphological characteristics of rice

Hay of the year The culms are erect, with a height of 0.5- 1.5m, which varies with varieties. Leaf sheaths are loose and hairless; The ligule is needle-shaped, with a length of 10-25mm, extending to the edge of the lower leaf sheath at the base of both sides, and has two sickle-shaped auricles; Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, about 40 cm long and 65438 0 cm wide, hairless and rough.

Panicle is large and sparse, about 30 cm long, with many branches and rough edges, and bends downward when mature; Spikelets contain 1 mature flower, both sides are extremely flat, oblong and oval, about 10 mm long and 2-4 mm wide; The glume is very small, leaving only a half-moon mark at the top of spikelet stalk, and there are two degenerated lemmas, which are conical and 2-4 mm long.

The lemma of pregnant flowers on both sides is thick, with 5 veins, the midvein is ridged, and the surface has milky white small protrusions, which are square and thick as paper, with dense hairs all over the fine hairs, with or without awns; Palea and lemma are homogeneous, with 3 veins and no beak at the apex; Stamens 6, anthers 2-3 mm long.

The caryopsis is about 5 mm long, 2 mm wide and 1- 1.5 mm thick. The proportion of embryos is very small, about a quarter of the length of caryopsis. Chromosome 2n = 24, x = 12.