The historical law and future direction of the development of Chinese Wushu?

Human physiological needs, psychological needs and the social bai function of wushu itself are three aspects of the motivation of the development of wushu routines. Wushu is China's unique traditional sports, is the magnificent treasure of the Chinese cultural heritage. It has both fitness function and technical performance, but also because of its rich content and diverse forms, it is important for active cultural life. After the founding of New China, wushu has become one of the most widespread and popular sports, and has developed vigorously and healthily. At the same time, through international sports contacts, China's wushu has begun to popularize the world, and gradually become popular among people from all over the world. Wushu sport mainly includes two forms of movement, namely, technical combat and routines. Wushu routines are a complete set of practice forms organized by the changing laws of contradictory movements, such as attack, defense, movement, static, rigidity, softness, emptiness and realism, which are called "routines movement", and are based on the technical combat movements. It is generally believed that the set movement is a highly refined and artistic reproduction of the technique, which comes from the technique, but higher than the technique, is the highest form of expression of the martial arts. The reason why it is the highest form of expression of martial arts is that it comes from the technical combat, and further regularization, art. As literature and art from life and higher than life, and the vast majority of movements in the set from the technical combat, still maintains the practical side of the technical combat, both offensive and defensive characteristics, but also has the fitness significance of a sport. 1, the physiological needs of man is the cause of the emergence and development of the set of sports in the primitive society, low productivity, huge and ferocious beasts on the survival of primitive man is a major threat. Hunting is a necessary activity for primitive people to maintain their survival. A hunter, who is also a warrior, fights with weapons, which are also hunting tools. Harsh living conditions, forcing human beings to constantly improve their physical and intellectual strength, and in the process of collective labor and tribal wars to develop unarmed or simple weapons of offensive and defensive fighting skills. Such as punching, kicking, dodging, jumping, falling and so on, which is the germ of boxing. Chopping, hacking, sticking, stabbing, teasing is the germ of the use of short and long instruments in martial arts. It can be seen that martial arts originated from productive labor. When the war victory or labor rest, people will often fight and hunt to win the technology to "dance" form to perform a show of might and honor. With this "dance" form of the attack and defense action to be abstract reproduction, the purpose is to express their feelings or performance of the method of technical combat. In the war with the success of a fist and a leg, a hit and a stab without fixed action specifications. As a result, there is no rigid program in the process of dancing and practicing. After a long period of history, with the development of social and material production, people's techniques and the form of "dance" are constantly improving. This kind of dance practice without a program gradually became the "martial dance" with a program and a theme of expression. Later on, as the artistic elements of "dance" increased, the offensive and defensive elements of "wu" decreased, and it became a kind of artistic activity specially for people to appreciate. "Wu dance" in the form of dance practice and a wealth of rehearsal techniques have become the main content of the later sets of skills. 2, the psychological needs of people to promote the emergence and development of set movement Wushu set movement as a man-made art, its emergence and development must be subject to human constraints and promote. After people have satisfied the most basic physiological needs (life-sustaining), what comes next is psychological needs. The fulfillment of psychological needs is also the fulfillment of people's various interests, which are not unchanging, but develop with the development of social and material production. As an art, if the Wushu routine movement is to develop continuously, it is bound to change with people's aesthetic interests, which is the inevitable law of its existence and development. Primitive society, due to low productivity, many wars, "martial arts dance" is processed and refined technical action, but it is still closer to the actual combat. To the Tang Dynasty, the high development of ancient Chinese culture, due to the strength of the country, economic prosperity, developed foreign trade, frequent cultural exchanges, for the prosperity of various arts to create favorable conditions. We can see the characteristics and nature of the "martial dance" of that time from the poem "Watching Gongsun Daniang's Disciples Dancing with Swords and Weapons" by Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. "In the past, there was a beautiful woman, Gongsun, who danced with a sword and moved the four directions, watched as the mountains were dismayed, and heaven and earth were lowered. ......" From this poem, we can see the difference between it and the "martial dance" in primitive societies. From this poem, we can see the difference between it and the "martial dance" in primitive society. That is, the primitive society's "martial dance" has the significance of actual combat, while the latter is more from the performance art effect mainly, we can certainly think that this and the level of social and material production and the development of people's aesthetics and development related. Sets are made up of a lot of continuous technical and artistic movements. People can not only get the feeling of external physical beauty from these movements, but also get the feeling of the beauty of Chinese painting-like mood from the contrast of the strength of the movements, the speed of the movements, and the rhythm of the sinking and floating, so that people can have unlimited associations. The creation of such associations can make people's feelings express, and get a pleasant emotional experience. In addition to the high appreciation value, but also has a strong fitness value, its fitness value and appreciation of the same value, from the date of the germination of the set has been recognized by the people. It is the people fitness and art appreciation needs, so that it can produce and development. 3, the set's own function is the root cause of its generation and development of martial arts set from the technical combat, we can be from the vast majority of martial arts sets of movements are embodied in the method of attack and defense can be proved, but it is different from the technical combat. If you use the movements in the routine to carry out actual combat, it is obviously not in line with the needs of practice. Therefore, the routine is not equal to the attack and defense combat, it is a technical action by the transformation, organization and refinement of people and then add other artistic content arranged in series. With the development of the times, the more abundant material production, set content and a variety of exercise techniques more and more diverse, thus appearing like the "Mulan boxing" and so on such little combat technical significance of the ornamental and fitness boxing. The movements constituting the content of the routines do not have the requirements of actual combat techniques, and this nature determines the direction of the development of the routines. In the routine has not been fully formed before, from the historical documents, we can see that the martial arts routine or the prototype of martial arts routine is more to "martial arts dance" or "healthy dance" dance form. Such as "Gan Qi Dance", "East China Sea Huang Gong", "broken Chen Le" and so on, these "martial arts dance" performance and the scenes related to the fight are from the action of the actual battle of the work of refining and choreography, and the purpose of the martial arts dance: one is to stretch people's muscles and bones, exercise the people's body; the second is to express the life of people from the old war and the reproduction of human and animal fighting scenes to stimulate the emotions of people, so that people have a sense of humor, and to make people feel a sense of humor. People's emotions, so that people produce a kind of beautiful enjoyment. Most of the contents of the sets are taken from the techniques, so the development of the contents of the techniques will undoubtedly promote the development of the form of the sets. At the turn of the Yin-Zhou period, the simple materialistic doctrine of yin-yang and five elements appeared. The folk martial artists of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, the Yue Nü, was one of the ancient predecessors who applied the "Yin-Yang and Five Elements" doctrine to martial arts techniques. In Wu Yue Chun Qiu (Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu Yue), the way of creating martial arts talked about by Yue Nü, eloquently expounded the dialectical relationship between motion and stillness, speed and slowness, attack and defense, emptiness and reality, and reversal and smoothness, etc. This idea of explaining the sword theory with the simple dialectic of ancient philosophy of yin and yang has played a great role in promoting the style of practice of the set in the future. Later generations applied the yin and yang theory of actual combat techniques to the sets and modified it to serve the effect of the sets. It is not difficult to see the great effect of this influence in the characteristics of the rhythmic transformation of the routines, such as "rigidity, flexibility, emptiness, staticity, speed, and undulation," etc. Today, the rhythmic transformation of the routines is characterized by "rigidity, flexibility, emptiness, staticity, speed, and undulation". It is the rhythm of the participation, sets can fully express the attack and defense techniques and meaning of the artistic effect and infectious force, which makes it more in line with people's physical fitness and aesthetic needs. In the process of performance and rehearsal, the steps, movements, postures and combinations of movements organized through this rhythm are actually the main hints of the meaning of the movements in the routines, infecting the viewers and practitioners with visual and proprioceptive sensations, so that they can feel the moral meaning of the movements directly from the routines. Therefore, the existence of this function of the routine is the fundamental motive for its creation and development. At present, people are used to call Wushu a traditional national sport, but this is actually the definition given to it by modern people from the perspective of modern social consciousness. Chinese martial arts in its thousands of years of occurrence, development history, has been y influenced by traditional Chinese culture, religious thought, and by the backwardness of China's feudal society, the level of development of productive forces and its social environment constraints, it is in the form of expression of a means of fighting and the form of popular recreational activities, at least in the modern sports before the introduction of China is this way. Therefore, before being regulated by modern sports, wushu could not be one of the contents of modern sports. Strictly speaking, this situation changed only after the founding of New China, and the transformation of the social function of wushu was a choice made by the people according to the needs of modern society. The practicality of wushu today can only be the same as the purpose of the existence of other sports, which is to make exercise for the purpose of self-exercise, just as in the West people learn to box not for the purpose of fighting, but for the purpose of competition and for the purpose of strengthening the body. Only in this way can martial arts be accepted by the majority of people. The Wushu set movement that our society needs today should be a form of human exercise that is a fusion of traditional Chinese martial arts techniques and modern Western sports. It can be traditional and national in content, but must be modern and universal in form. Wushu as a standardized sport can only be accepted by people who live in other cultures and traditions. Wushu, as a traditional means of fighting, is gradually dying out, and this is a reality that we must face in the development of the sport today. When inheriting and developing the valuable heritage of national traditions, we must stand at the height of the times. With regard to tradition, we must realize that traditional things are only the embellishments of modern society. Because modern people and society are constantly creating and forming new traditions that are closer to them and have more practical significance. People will treat Wushu in the same way, so the development of Wushu must be based on the actual needs of modern society, and the only way out is to move towards the Olympic Games and become a good fitness sport accepted by more nationalities in the world. To summarize, the physiological and psychological needs of human beings enable the creation and development of wushu routines, and the formation and perfection of wushu routines are directly related to the progressive development of society. Primitive mankind in the struggle with nature to survive for the purpose, is with the development of productive forces and social material production, people are gradually freed from heavy physical labor, wushu routines must also be with the development of the times and the development of continuous development. This direction of development and directly and people's needs are inevitably linked, that is, people's needs determine the direction of development of martial arts routines.