On Psychological Motive Psychological Consultation

Psychodynamic counseling is often confused with psychoanalysis. In fact, the former is different from psychoanalysis. Psychodynamic orientation is lower than psychoanalysis in frequency, usually 1-3 times a week, and psychoanalysis is more than 4 times a week. Psychoanalysis does not pay attention to symptoms, but will use more recliners to promote the return of visitors. Psychological motivation orientation is moderate to regression. Although both of them work at the personality level, the psychological motivation orientation will still evaluate whether the symptoms are alleviated within the time frame.

Different from other schools of psychological counseling, psychological motivation-oriented psychological counseling has no general process. The occurrence of psychological counseling is based on the relationship between psychological counselors and visitors, which requires psychological counselors to have a lot of emotional intervention to observe their feelings and those of visitors. Although there is no process to follow, the theories and methods summarized by countless people in psychoanalysis in the past 100 years can still be learned and used.

build

Setup is the most important part of the consultation. Without setting, there is no analysis. In addition to the external framework of fixed time, place and cost, the internal framework of the consultant, such as analytical attitude and temperance, must be internalized into the consultant's heart.

estimate

The evaluation stage usually takes place in the 1-4 consultation, mainly to evaluate whether the visitors are suitable for psychological counseling with psychological motivation orientation. In the evaluation stage, the main job of psychological counselors is to collect information, including the family situation, growth experience, reasons for seeking medical treatment and induced events, the earliest memories and frequent dreams of visitors. It is very difficult to identify the defense mechanism of visitors and judge whether they have the ability of emotional freedom, whether they have a psychological mind and whether they are willing to enter the subconscious. If they always use defense mechanisms such as "denial", it will be very difficult to use psychodynamic orientation technology.

The evaluation process is two-way, and visitors are also evaluating whether the consultant is suitable for them. The evaluation stage is also an important stage to establish a treatment alliance. At this stage, psychological counselors do not intervene, but try to evaluate the response ability of visitors by using interpretation technology. The evaluation process will also pay attention to the visitor's ability to test the reality and endure the pain, because the whole process of psychodynamic psychological counseling may not be too pleasant, and with the awakening of potential emotional memory, the feeling of pain may make the visitor hesitate or even leave the clinic. Leaving counseling is the biggest punishment for counselors, which can destroy their narcissism. Subconsciously, no visitor may want to be cured by a counselor.

make over

It is very important to test whether the visitor has the ability to establish positive empathy with the counselor in the evaluation stage, which will run through the whole consultation process. A good consultant needs to hide his personal information like a whiteboard and let visitors project freely. Psychological counselors are re-experienced by visitors as their "inner parents", which is the object image of the original parents photographed by visitors in their early years. In fact, it is not the self of the visitor who communicates with others as an adult, but the "inner object".

In the consulting room, psychological counselors need to use "suspended attention" to feel the relationship with visitors. Visitors may use "projective identity" such as catering, control, dependence and lust to manipulate counselors, and counselors will produce consistent or complementary anti-communism, which can be the material for analysis and can be discussed with visitors under the condition of stable treatment alliance. What is important is that the consultant should not agree with these projections, not recognize them personally, but conform to the setting of the "inner object" of the visitors, which will be the beginning of shedding.

container

The theory of "container" comes from Bion, which is similar to Winnicott's "holding environment". Visitors often walk into the consulting room with the psychology of seeking methods and answers, and often ask the consultants, "What should I do?" . This is a process of "0 to 1". Being at "0" is chaotic and anxious, full of all unpleasant feelings. This feeling exists not only in visitors, but also in consultants. Any method and explanation is in the state of "1", and the given method and explanation make the counselor and visitors come to "1", but the important ability of people is not to find "1", but to tolerate being in the state of "0". When the visitor doesn't have the patience and throws all the unpleasantness and attacks at the counselor, it is important for the counselor not to run to "1" with the visitor, but to seize these unpleasantness and keep it in a "0" state.

This is similar to Bion's "β and α elements". Because of Bion's mathematical background, it chose digital symbols without any emotional color. The "beta element" is the original feeling information of visitors, and the visitors project it on the consultant. The consultant's work absorbs these "beta elements" like a container and processes them into harmless "alpha elements" and returns them to the visitors. Visitors saw that the container was not harmed by the unpleasant and vicious substances they projected, and survived. The processed "alpha element" is absorbed by visitors, and the new experience replaces the old experience. This is the process of "contents" being replaced and repaired. With the restoration of the "inner object", visitors can communicate with others with new experiences and shield the interference from the past.

insert

Although I think that "the best intervention is not to intervene", we can still see the traces of intervention from the repair clues of visitors. The role of intervention occurs in the subconscious field, and any intervention is based on unified suspended attention. The psychological counselor first evaluates the stability of the treatment alliance. Generally, after 5-6 consultations, they will try to use face-to-face, explanation and clarification skills. Visitors may deny, become emotionally isolated or use other defense mechanisms. The counselor can simply ask or slip through this question, but the subconscious of the visitor has been disturbed. With the progress of consultation, new events will occur, and the points previously involved will ferment in the subconscious of the visitors, which can be mentioned again in the later stage of consultation to promote their understanding.

In the field of psychoanalysis, different theoretical systems have different explanations for which points to intervene. I tend to understand these explanations as some assumptions summed up by different people in their work and life. In order to gain a sense of control and security, people have summed up some laws, which are all reasonable in their theoretical system. I prefer Freud's classic psychoanalysis.

In Freud's classical psychoanalysis, libido and aggressive drive are two important topics. In our culture, sex is taboo for various reasons. This taboo punishes itself in the form of superego. When the ID is over-suppressed, this aggressive drive is directed at oneself, resulting in conflict, and visitors have some symptoms such as compulsion and depression. In particular, Oedipus' fear of incest of heterosexual parents has become one of the important conflict points.

Secondly, the theory of object relationship led by Klein is also the theoretical source of understanding cases. In early childhood, with the development of the nervous system, babies will learn the interaction mode with important caregivers. In Klein's theory, babies are born not to get libido, but to get objects and relationships. I guess the reason behind this theory is related to loneliness and death. In the 1960s, due to historical reasons, our culture suffered a large-scale historical trauma, and the previous generation did not get good emotional nourishment. This emotional fault directly affects the spiritual world of contemporary people who advocate freedom and humanity in today's era. The inappropriate emotional relationship in childhood may be the best survival strategy in childhood, but it may not be suitable for adult society. This is the root of many symptoms and is related to the family from which it was born.

Hatred against parents, which comes from family background, is not allowed under the action of the visitor's superego. A self that is not nourished by love will develop a false self to please and cater to important caregivers. In the adult world, it becomes pleasing to the leader or authority, or goes to the other extreme to control and confront. These are all points that can be involved and are not limited to some of the types mentioned above.

Dream and free association

Because of the impedance, visitors sometimes can't enter the subconscious, and dreams are an important source to understand the subconscious of visitors. Dream is the release of great spiritual energy and a powerful primitive impulse, which always exists at the rational level. So far, there is no experimental evidence to explain dreams clearly. The content in the dream is condensed, replaced, symbolized or otherwise processed. If anyone can explain dreams most clearly, it is only the dreamer. Dreamers are free to associate with dreams. Can you think of people, things or symbols in your dreams? What happened the day before the dream is an important source of dream interpretation information, and what kind of feelings you have in the dream is also important. If the content of the dream is boundless, then the feeling of the dream is the most real and landing presentation. Faced with a variety of dream interpretations, dreamers can often choose the interpretation that best suits their feelings intuitively, and this interpretation is the one that best suits the original intention of dreams.

different

Psychodynamic counseling can be discussed with visitors for a long time at first, or it can be undefined. When facing the separation after psychological counseling, both psychological counselors and visitors will have separation anxiety. Separation anxiety is actually the fear of losing the object of one's love or losing contact with the object of one's love. Separation anxiety is also human cognition of short life. Behind the anxiety of separation is the instinct of death. With the consultation process, when the visitors are in mourning, it is the beginning of separation. Mourning is a kind of ability and a compromise survival strategy when human beings face their own limitations. When visitors begin to accept their own suffering, their hatred with their parents, and their helplessness, all this is the beginning of transformation. Perhaps the visitor still insists on the painful choice, but when the visitor is completely unaware of it, he is no longer troubled by this choice.

These are some simple summaries. Psychoanalysis is by no means a rational response to prevent the analyzed person from getting sick. Psychoanalysis is a process in which the person under analysis is free to make choices. In the process of consultation, we have to face the part of our instinct again and again. There may be too much gloom and depression in the middle, but when we go deep into human nature and examine everyone's life, the loyalty at the core makes people feel sad and moved.