I would like to know the specific operation of the logistics park.

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The development of foreign logistics parks has a close relationship with the logistics guild organizations, such as the European Federation of Logistics created in Europe in 1991, and the United Kingdom's Institute of Logistics (IL), the U.S. Association of Logistics Management (CLM), the Singaporean Logistics Promotion Organization, the Japanese Association of Logistics Systems (JILS), etc., all of which play a good role in coordinating and guiding the sound development of the European logistics parks. All of them play a good role in coordinating and guiding the sound development of logistics parks in Europe. These logistics management associations collect and organize statistics on the operation of logistics parks and promote industry self-regulation and international exchanges in logistics parks, and the Japan Institute of Logistics Systems also coordinates the management of logistics parks. How to operate the logistics park, there is no unified view in China. However, in a large number of practice, most of China's logistics parks are still the main business of the government authorities, logistics companies just under the overall command of the government, there is a certain degree of flexibility. As for the specific layout and structure within the logistics park, such as the arrangement of the goods handling area and the arrangement of the warehouse goods, etc., the occupying enterprises may not have the right to ask. From the point of view of countries and regions in the world where the development of logistics parks is better, Japan adopts the approach of "government and people's cooperation", Europe adopts the strategy of "diversification", and the United States adopts the "market-oriented" business strategy. "

Operation strategy.

Operation methods vary

Logistics parks operate in a PPP manner in most foreign countries, that is, the government and local private enterprises **** with the participation of the operation. The government in the operation of the overall responsibility and master the role of the general direction, the specific operation by the various different groups of independent operation, self-financing, tax according to the rules and so on.

Japanese "government and people's cooperation"

Japanese government in the park operation, mainly using the "government and people's cooperation" approach, the macro on the overall control, micro on the free release. The land of logistics parks is acquired by the government and transferred to logistics associations or similar intermediary groups at a low price, and management committees are formed to carry out operation and management as well as remodeling and updating. In the case of food parks, which are related to national life, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry appoints a special person or a local government governor to be the chairman of the management organization. The government actively accelerates the construction of transportation facilities for identified logistics bases, which promotes the development of logistics companies while contributing to the appreciation of land prices and properties in the logistics bases, so that investors are rewarded. Sometimes the government may completely liberalize and release it to enterprises to operate. For example, the four major parks in Tokyo, Japan *** covers an area of nearly 3,000 acres, operated by the Tokyo Mission Land Warehouse Co., Ltd., which was established in 1966, with an existing capital of 280 million yuan, consisting of 112 shareholders, mainly engaged in the acquisition and leasing of land, warehousing, loading and unloading business, the leasing of facilities and equipment, as well as related ancillary businesses. It also has offices in each of the four major parks. In general, the existing operation methods in Japan can be broadly categorized into: the synergistic combination method, the semi-government and semi-private method, the *** co-financing method, and the individual method.

American market-oriented

In the logistics park planning and operation, the United Kingdom is similar to the United States, pursued not the government's actions, but to emphasize the market-oriented, is the pursuit of a single economic interests as the goal. The United States of America on the operation mode of logistics parks is completely liberalized, and even in the planning stage on the loose regardless of this and the United States has a perfect logistics laws and regulations are inseparable from the government on a macro level to give guidance and coordination.

Other European countries

Other European countries believe that the operation of logistics parks should be organized by neutral institutions, and can be comprehensive and perfect for the enterprises to provide services. The European Federation of Logistics Parks (EFLP) refers to the neutral operator as the owner, i.e. an entity that operates independently and is self-sustaining. This entity can be either a public **** organization or a private enterprise. In some countries, the neutral operator is called a logistics park management company. The 2000 Logistics Park Study prepared by the European Federation of Logistics Parks points out that the operation of a logistics park is not the responsibility of the owners of the buildings and assets in the area (warehouses, business districts, offices, parking lots, etc.), nor is it the responsibility of their leasers, but must be the responsibility of a neutral third-party responsible organization. This also reflects the movement in the way logistics parks are operated in some European countries.

Profit model variety

Many foreign logistics parks in the operation process have shown better profitability. Like Germany's Bremen logistics park has reached an input-output ratio of 1 to 6 or so. So there is a need to understand their specific development and profitability model, which is the main problem faced by the operation of China's logistics parks.

Bremen logistics park development and operation can be basically divided into four levels: land, infrastructure, construction and operation. Different objects operate different businesses (including logistics and non-logistics business), can be divided into land operations (including land value-added, land rental, etc.), infrastructure operations (including highways, railroads, information infrastructure, water and electricity, etc.), building operations (including warehouses, parking lots, storage yards, hotels, service stations, service areas, etc.), the operation of the level (including transportation, distribution processing, packaging, warehouse). operations, etc.).

So, where does the profit margin of foreign logistics parks come from? From the practice of foreign parks can be seen, their return on investment profit source is basically divided into two levels, infrastructure investment and operation, equipment investment and operation. In terms of pure industrial real estate investment (land and infrastructure investment), with a large initial investment amount, small rate of return, long cycle, but at the same time has a small risk, stable return characteristics, and a greater potential for return on investment (including possible future land appreciation). The equipment investment and logistics operation business, on the other hand, is characterized by a smaller investment amount and a shorter payback period, but at the same time has relatively high risk and relatively unstable income.

Japan's infrastructure investment is mostly borne by the state, and land is directly sold or leased by the state to organizations and private enterprises, and then call them to invest, and the corresponding profits belong to them. Most of the investment in equipment and logistics operations are undertaken by logistics companies or business organizations.

In Europe, such as Germany, the initial purchase of land is done through the government, such as Bremen logistics park is initially a piece of salt land, is purchased through the government down. With the land, the investment and income from other building facilities and their future revenue from the operation of the facilities are executed by the individual companies, although a certain amount of profit tax is paid to the government.

In the U.S., the government mainly adopts the policy of "letting the fish out of the water", and all the tasks are handed over to the social organizations to operate and thus gain revenue. Logistics parks in the United States is mainly food, daily necessities distribution, which may be developed and the United States is inseparable from the chain of supermarkets.

Third-party management park

After the logistics park is put into operation, who will act as their manager? From a practical point of view, most of them are filled by a third-party neutral organization, and some of them are through the spontaneous election of the users of the logistics park operation of the logistics park managers. In Europe, the management of logistics parks in various countries is managed by logistics park management companies. The work of the logistics park management company has at least four points, the first is responsible for the logistics park from planning to operation of the whole process of guidance. Secondly, the operation and management of the logistics park. Provide network connection in integrated transportation or long-distance transportation, joint procurement (energy and telecommunication) to obtain economies of scale, construction of the internal network platform of the park, training and further education of enterprises and leaders, special agent for dangerous goods, construction and management of special warehouses, distribution of products and goods, safety supervision, etc. Thirdly, it is responsible for marketing, publicity and promotion of the logistics park, organizing expositions, making brochures and running customer magazines. Fourthly, to provide various services needed by the enterprises moving into the park, and to lay the foundation for attracting more excellent and large-scale logistics enterprises to move in. Through the management of such a neutral company, can make the operation of the logistics park both on behalf of the government, but also on behalf of the enterprise, fair operation and management of the company, to increase the social benefits of the park, less "external uneconomic" behavior, such as noise, environmental pollution, etc., at the same time, but also the pursuit of enterprise profit maximization.