Coastal engineering coastal engineering

In coastal engineering construction, the site and buildings are tested. It is used to explore the possibility and rationality of coastal engineering facilities, explore the motion characteristics of marine dynamic factors and the evolution law of beaches, as well as their interaction with coastal engineering buildings or other facilities, and provide scientific basis for the implementation of coastal engineering. This is an important method to study coastal engineering.

The structures of coastal engineering buildings can be divided into four types: sloping type, straight wall type, permeable type and floating type. No matter what kind of structure, it needs to be studied and demonstrated by means of indoor simulation test, mathematical model and field test.

When building various engineering facilities in the coastal zone, it is often necessary to carry out environmental investigation, theoretical analysis and model test research in the early stage of the project, to determine the role of various dynamic factors on the engineering facilities, and to find out the influence of the engineering facilities on beach evolution, environment and ecology. In addition, for important or representative coastal projects, it is necessary to carry out field tests of single or local engineering facilities to provide necessary scientific demonstration. After some coastal projects are completed, long-term field tests are still needed. Therefore, in the construction stage of the project, it is necessary to pre-install relevant measuring sensors in the test part of the building, and the test can be started after the project is completed. The results of theoretical analysis and model test often need to be verified by field prototype test, and the field test of coastal engineering often puts forward new topics and provides demonstration materials for theoretical research and model test of coastal engineering. The main contents of the field test include the following aspects: for example, aquaculture, energy development, environmental protection and other needs. The field test of special engineering facilities is carried out as an intermediate test before large-scale promotion.

A lot of experiments and studies have been done on the wind wave spectrum in shallow water, the law of water and sediment movement in broken waves, the wave forces on straight breakwaters and permeable buildings at test stations established in the North Sea coast of Europe, the east and west coasts of the United States, the Black Sea of the Soviet Union and the coastal areas of Japan. Since the 1950s, China has successively established on-site observation stations such as port siltation research station, seawall test station, groin protection and siltation promotion observation station, net dam siltation promotion field observation station, wave pressure field observation station of straight wall isolated column and steel pile anticorrosion field observation station in Tanggu Xingang, Changjiang Estuary, Putian, Zhejiang Cixi and Haiyan, Bohai Sea and Shandong coastal areas. The field test of coastal engineering often needs to set up special test stations, which can be divided into single test stations and comprehensive test stations according to the different test contents and scope. According to its observation period, it can be divided into temporary test station and long-term test station.