Modern Garden Architecture [On the Art of Garden Architecture in China]

Abstract: China garden architecture art is a wonderful flower in the treasure house of traditional culture and art in China, which occupies a very high position in the history of world garden architecture art. "Originated from nature, higher than nature" is the basic concept of China's garden creation, and garden architecture is the combination of scenery and scenery. Garden buildings built by water naturally and skillfully reproduce the flavor of mountains and rivers, with pavilions and winding corridors dotted among mountains and rivers, which are beautiful and fascinating.

Keywords: landscape architecture; Landscape design; Art and humanities

China garden architecture art is a wonderful flower in the treasure house of traditional culture and art in China, which occupies a very high position in the history of world garden architecture art. Now the beautiful images of China garden architecture are spread all over the world and become one of the symbols of the Chinese nation.

At present, China is in an important historical period of transforming the urban and rural landscape. China culture is facing the strong impact of western culture. What we are facing is how to inherit Chinese culture and rebuild the spiritual belief of the Chinese nation.

Some people may confuse garden architecture with other buildings. In fact, they have great differences and unique styles in taste, composition principles, relationship with the environment, space treatment, three-dimensional modeling and so on. In order to make people have a more rational and profound understanding of China's garden architecture, this paper expounds the related contents of China's garden architecture.

First, the importance of landscape architecture

Garden architecture is an important part of the garden, which is organically combined with mountains, water and plants to form a beautiful landscape picture. "Originated from nature, higher than nature" is the basic idea of China's gardening, and garden architecture is the combination of scenery and scenery. Garden buildings built by water naturally and skillfully reproduce the flavor of mountains and rivers, with pavilions and winding corridors dotted among mountains and rivers, which are beautiful and fascinating.

Landscape architecture is one of the important elements of landscape architecture. Broadly speaking, as long as it is built in garden places, such as scenic spots, parks, small gardens, architectural gardens and so on. Small buildings with high aesthetic requirements can be called garden buildings. However, in practical work, the garden buildings we refer to generally refer to landscape buildings such as pavilions, corridors, pavilions and flower beds, as well as functional buildings with considerable aesthetic requirements such as yacht docks, canteens and ticket booths, and do not include restaurants, tea rooms and exhibition halls in parks with complex functions and large volumes.

Second, the style and characteristics of China landscape architecture

Common garden buildings can be divided into three categories from the architectural cultural background and style: Chinese, Western and modern; According to the architectural form, there are pavilions, corridors, pavilions, flower racks, scaffolding, decorative racks and so on. Among them, (modern garden architecture is the most vital one, and it is hardly restricted by any form. As long as the materials and technology can meet the requirements, designers can maximize their imagination and create unique architectural forms. The corresponding gardens generally adopt Chinese or western-style garden buildings. The basic requirement of designing and building these two kinds of garden buildings is "authenticity".

As far as Chinese garden architecture is concerned, due to its long history and long development process, many garden architectures with different artistic styles have emerged under the influence of different political, economic and cultural levels and positions in different historical periods. They include: royal garden architecture, private garden architecture, temple garden architecture and natural landscape garden architecture. Next, let's look at the royal gardens in the north and the private gardens in the south.

1, South Royal Garden Architecture:

The southern royal garden buildings are mainly concentrated in Beijing and its surrounding areas. Most of these buildings were built in the heyday of landscape architecture development in China, and most of them were built in beautiful natural scenery. They occupy a low proportion in the garden area, and they mostly adopt the way of extroversion or combination of inside and outside in space, reflecting the integration with the natural landscape. Garden buildings are mostly north-south, and teaching is arranged at will. Most of the royal garden buildings are official. However, the palace architecture in the garden is also different from that in the city. Glazed tiles are rarely used, but the roof is rolled up with tiles. The scale of the bucket arch is smaller, the eaves are less deep, and there is no need to raise, lower and kill the column, which increases the ratio of beam to square. The roof presents a gentle curve and the wing angle rises slowly. The wall is very thick, with partitions, suspensions, railings, etc. Out-and-out, the pattern is rigorous and the body is vigorous, which forms the solemn and steady image characteristics of the northern garden buildings. Due to the climate and living habits, the internal and external spaces of garden buildings are clearly defined and relatively closed, and the overall scale of garden buildings is usually large. In addition, there are many sketches of garden buildings in the royal garden. Such as archway, huabiao, stone lion, bronze lion, screen wall and so on. They have played a complementary role in the formation of the overall style of the royal garden architecture.

2. Jiangnan private garden buildings:

Private garden buildings in the south of the Yangtze River refer to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, such as Yangzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Changshu and Xing Wu. Jiangnan is rich in resources, beautiful scenery and outstanding people since ancient times. Private garden buildings in the south of the Yangtze River are mostly in common places, and there is generally no open field of vision around them. Because the garden occupies a small area, the layout of garden buildings must conform to the terrain, which is tortuous and changeable. In the appearance of garden buildings, the roof is steep, the lines are curved, smooth and light. Due to the superior natural climate conditions in the south of the Yangtze River, wooden members or mixed structures with hanging beams are widely used in building structures. The outer wall is a thin barrel wall; The roof structure is also very thin. According to different functions, the interior of the hall can be divided freely with covers, partitions and screens. The wooden structure outside the house is brown, black, dark green and other colors, combined with white walls and gray tiles. The color is elegant and bright, and it is easy to coordinate with natural mountains, waters and trees, giving people a feeling of elegance and tranquility.

Thirdly, the relationship between landscape architecture and gardens in China.

We can't talk about China garden architecture without China garden, otherwise it will be confused with other types of architecture in China. What is a garden?

Garden is a unity composed of topography, landforms and water bodies, buildings and structures, roads, plants and other materials according to functional requirements, economic and technical conditions and artistic layout.

China garden architecture and China garden art are produced and developed at the same time.

China landscape architecture has always shown the basic characteristics of people-oriented and scenery for the people. This makes China's landscape architecture not only well coordinated with the natural environment, but also unified with people's use needs, which has great practicability, flexibility and universality.

The relationship between landscape architecture and gardens in China is harmonious. The garden is more beautiful because of the exquisite and elegant garden architecture, and it is more suitable for people to play and watch.

China's landscape architecture, like our cultural tradition, has strong national characteristics.

Because of the close combination with the natural environment and people's life, the landscape architecture in China is very free and flexible in architectural layout and spatial organization. Compared with western architecture, its basic layout rules and architectural treatment methods have many similarities.

Fourthly, the role of China landscape architecture in landscape architecture.

(A) the characteristics of landscape architecture

Garden architecture is one of the three elements of ancient gardens in China, and it is also one of the five elements of modern gardens. Garden architecture can not only provide convenience for people's life and sightseeing, but also create the beauty of the garden itself, which is also the direct aesthetic object of tourists. (Landscape architecture generally has the following characteristics:

1, many songs. Besides the square, there are hexagonal, octagonal, circular and fan-shaped planes, and the roof shape, upturned angle, dripping eaves, falling eaves and beam members also show very harmonious curves; There are also small bridges, cloisters and winding paths. This multi-curve feature is suitable for multi-curve of landscape.