How did the ancients create Shi Zhuan?

The information I found for you, I hope it will be helpful to you ~ The production of ancient bricks and tiles is mainly composed of two parts: the production and firing of clay tires. The production of clay tires includes soil selection, mud making, site leveling, mold making and other links. 1. Soil selection. Excellent soil quality is the solid foundation to ensure all kinds of brick and tile components. To make bricks and tiles, you must choose loess, because loess is sticky and not easy to break after drying. There are several kinds of loess, such as douban soil, clay and white sandy soil, among which only Baisha loess is suitable for brick and tile. There are also differences in materials used to make bricks and tiles. The Great Wall brick has a large volume, and the white sand loess with a sand diameter less than 3 cm can be used to make bricks, and the most suitable sand content in the soil is 30% to 40%. Tiles are small in size, so when selecting soil, the diameter of sand and gravel in the soil should not be too large, and the sediment concentration should be two or three. 2. Mud making. When making brick mud, first pile up the selected loess, hollow it out in the middle, pour in clear water, and start mixing mud after a few hours. Beating with a pickaxe when mixing mud increases the viscosity of the soil. Generally, after hitting twice, the soil is thin before it can be made into adobe.

The production process of tile mud is basically the same as that of brick mud, but the difference is that the mud is mashed, and it is more uniform and has greater adhesion, and it is mashed at least three times. 3. Level the site. When leveling the site, the ground should be covered with a layer of fine white sand to prevent the adobe from sticking to the ground. 4. Make molds. Make molds and use dry wood. Generally, the mold of strip brick is made of wooden boards with a length of 40 cm, a width of 20 cm and a height of 1 cm, and the bottom is spliced with one or three wooden boards with a length of about 45 cm. Generally, the square brick mold is made up of four boards with a length of 40 cm, a width of 10 cm and a height of 1 cm, and the bottom is made up of boards with a width of 45 cm. The mold for making ceramic tiles includes a chassis, a wooden shaft, a ceramic tile cylinder sleeved on the shaft, a cloth cylinder sleeved outside the ceramic tile cylinder, and a wooden block with the same width as the ceramic tile (the upper side of the wooden block has a small nail with the height of 1cm, and the lower side has 2-3 grooves). 5. production. The production of blue bricks is very simple. Just fill the mold with mud, compact it, put it on the construction site, and open the mold, and the blue bricks will be completed. Leave it for 2~3 days. After the surface color of the brick turns white, it can stand up to dry. When it's 70% to 80% dry, it can be put on the shelf and burned. The manufacturing process of ceramic tile is complicated. First, put the tiles on the turntable, and cut the mud evenly with the mud cutting bow, so that the length of the cut mud blank is the same as that of the turntable. Put the clay blank on the earthen jar and squeeze it by hand. After the tile cylinder and the clay blank are glued together, a wooden block with the same width as the tile is glued on the mud surface, and the turntable is rotated to make the surface of the clay blank smooth. Remove the ceramic tile from the turntable, put it on the flat ground, exit the ceramic tile, and divide the molded clay blank into four parts with a knife. When dividing, only two-thirds of the mud blank needs to be cut off. When the mud blank is 90% dry, you can pat it open by hand and put it on the shelf for burning. Before firing bricks and tiles, the kiln site should be selected first. A good kiln site should be close to the soil source to reduce the transportation distance; Second, it should be chosen in the land of the ridge, which is convenient for kiln making. Brick burning mainly has the following links. 1. Kiln loading. Bricks can be burned specially, and tiles can only be burned with bricks and concrete, because they cannot be installed in the kiln alone. 2. Calcination. Calcination can be basically divided into four stages. When the primer is fired, the moisture in the kiln should be driven out, which belongs to the drying stage, and a small fire should be used. It's on fire. After burning for a day, the moisture in the kiln was driven away, and the fire was used. Fire is more than looking at the golden eye. The aim is to get the fire started in a short time. This process will continue until the eyes shine. Fire together. Firing refers to aiming a torch at bricks and various parts. The so-called alignment means that small pieces of heat have been put in place and large pieces of heat have not yet been put in place. It is necessary to adjust the fire to completely burn all kinds of burnt products to heat. It's on fire. It is to burn the burned products below by leg bricks, which is also called shaking fire and pumping air. 3. stew kiln. The bricks and tiles of the Great Wall fired at high temperature in the kiln are red and black-blue, which is closely related to the firing process. When firing blue bricks, the firing temperature of green bricks should reach above 800℃. In ancient times, only firewood was used to burn bricks and tiles, which could be dry or wet. Firewood requires a lot of oxygen, and it also produces carbon dioxide, and then carbon trioxide. Carbon trioxide is absorbed by high-temperature bricks to form blue, and the principle is that carbonic acid reacts with metal oxides. If you want to make pigeon blue, the key is to keep up with the fire, not to be too big. The key step of burning black and blue is to change the same fire into a lower one. If the same fire is too large and the fire is too long, it will appear black and blue. In addition, wet goods, wet firewood and lack of fire will make bricks look black and blue. After the kiln is burned, water should be added to ensure that the tiles do not fade. If you don't water it, it will easily cause backfire and fade quickly. Bricks and tiles turn red after fading.