General knowledge of ancient culture, astronomical and geographical age

1. Astronomical geography of ancient culture in China.

China has a vast territory, with a total area of about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world and fourth in the United States, second only to Russian and Canadian countries. Almost as big as the whole of Europe. The four ends of China's territory are: the easternmost end is at the intersection of the middle line of Heilongjiang main channel and Wusuli River (above135 E), and the westernmost end is near Pamir Plateau (73 E), with a span of more than 60 degrees from east to west and a distance of about 5,000 kilometers from east to west. The southernmost point is in Zengmu shoal (4° N), and the northernmost point is on the center line of Heilongjiang main channel, north of Mohe River.

Land and Sea Location of China: East Asia and the West Coast of the Pacific Ocean.

00 hemispheres are located in China: the Eastern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere.

00 latitude and longitude position of China: The latitude across the north and south in China is nearly 50 degrees, most of which are in temperate zone, a few are in tropical zone, and there is no frigid zone. China's territory [1] has a total area of about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world, next only to Russia and Canada, and the fourth is the United States. Almost as big as the whole of Europe. The four ends of China's territory are: the easternmost end is at the intersection of the central lines of the main waterways of Heilongjiang River and Wusuli River (135 2' 30'' e), the westernmost end is near the Pamirs (73 40' e), and the southernmost end is in the Shoal (latitude 3 degrees 5 1 minute 00 seconds, 1 12 degrees east longitude 17 minutes and 09 seconds (in English: Lidi Ansha or Lydishoul) is a shoal in Nansha Islands in the South China Sea of China, which is the southernmost part of the actual territory of China (not the Zengmu shoal located about 15 nautical mile northeast of it). According to the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China, the ruins shoal is under the jurisdiction of Sansha City, Hainan Province. The northernmost point is on the center line of Heilongjiang main channel (53 33 ′ n,124 20 ′ e) north of Mohe. The east-west span of China is over 60 degrees, and the easternmost Wusuli River is separated from the westernmost Pamirs by five time zones.

Compared with the west, China's ancient astronomical system also has its own characteristics. China's astronomical system inherited China's philosophy. For example, the constellation Ursa Major in China astronomy consists of three stars: Beidou, Wenchang and Santai. Beidou is very familiar with it, so I won't go into details; Wenchang is a satellite in folklore, which is in charge of the imperial examination. Santai refers to the three stages of imperial examination in real life, namely, provincial examination, general examination and palace examination. Completely different from western astronomy, the sky is full of gods and has nothing to do with the world. Personally, I like to name Mokexing after China astronomy, because it has cultural connotation and is easy to remember.

However, the astronomical system in China also restricted the development of astronomy in China. For example, the solar eclipse, according to the legislative forecast, should exist, but it did not happen. In the west, I'm afraid the calendar will be revised. In China, officials kowtowed to the emperor to congratulate him on his great kindness (even Yao Chong did the same).

2. Comprehensive study of ancient cultural knowledge, astronomical geography.

Regarding the structural classification of China ancient culture, the standards of various schools are different, and the classification is also different: there is a dichotomy between matter and spirit; There is a dichotomy of matter, system and spirit; There are four divisions: material, system, behavior and mentality; There are also six branches: material, social, spiritual, art, language and customs. Although these divisions have different levels, they are all based on the development process of human creation culture, from material to spirit, from perceptual to rational, which is suitable for professionals to study and study. The ancient culture of China in middle school students' learning materials should be divided according to different educational functions.

The ancient cultural knowledge involved in middle school Chinese textbooks includes astronomy, geography, literature and art, philosophy and religion, administrative calendar, military criminal law, yin and yang elements, family etiquette, music and art, food and clothing, crown of horses and chariots, cultural foundation, political and economic system, strategy of governing the country with talents, values and moral sentiments. However, because there is no special text in the textbook to introduce China's ancient cultural knowledge, this knowledge is scattered. Teachers are difficult to teach and students are even more difficult to learn. Therefore, in teaching, we should sort out and classify the scattered ancient cultural knowledge according to the different functions of education. Each category is divided into several knowledge points. Taking an ancient cultural knowledge point as a breakthrough, it is fanned out, broadening the scope and developing in depth. Then discuss the next knowledge point. This has three advantages: first, classify the scattered knowledge in the text into systems and establish knowledge chains. Second, when teachers spread scattered knowledge of ancient culture, they can adopt the method of special lectures. The third is to provide students with a research-based learning method, open their minds and develop good academic habits.

3. What is the knowledge about age in the common sense of ancient culture?

The figurative title of age in ancient times: standing at thirty; Forty without confusion; Fifty knows the destiny; Sixty flowers; Seventy years old; Children under one year old-infants; 2-3 years old-childhood; Childhood-total angle, crying; 8 years old (male)-one year; 10 years old-Huangkou; 10 years old (female)-calendar year; 12 years old (female)-year of Chai Jin; 13- 14 years old (female)-cardamom; 13- 15 years old-the year of dancing spoon; 15 years old (female)-and year of death; 15 years old (male)-year of study, hair tied; 16 years old (female)-Jasper years; 15-20 years old-the year of dancing elephants; 20 years old (male)-weak crown; 20 years old (female)-Tao Li Nianhua; 24 years old (female)-North China (letter) is in its prime; Marriage-standard plum year; 30 years old (female)-Xu Niang; 30 years old (male)-30 years old; 40 years old (male)-the year of no doubt; 50 years old-the year of know life, over half a hundred years old; 60 years old, the year of flat head, the year of hearing, the year of Zhang Xiang; 70 years old-the year of ancient times, the year of the country; 77 years old-happy birthday; 80 years old-the year of the staff; 88 years old-Mi Shou; 80-90 years old-octogenarians; 90 years old-the year of horseshoe crab back (Taiwan Province); 99 years old-Whitehead; 100 years old-period.

Ren Rui; 108 years old-tea life. -Common sense title.

4. Astronomical geography knowledge in ancient literature

& lt； China Ancient Culture >; catalogue

The origin of ancient eastern scientific and technological civilization

1. astrogeography

The ancients said that heaven is reason, and the ancients viewed the source of everything from heaven.

Astronomical records of solar eclipse, meteor nova and supernova comet, five-star renju sunspot stone carving records

Comparison between Chinese and Western solar terms in calendar: taichu calendar, Daming calendar, Dayan calendar and chronograph calendar.

Astronomical instrument, sundial, missing armillary sphere, geodetic instrument, simple instrument, solar instrument, water transport instrument platform.

Famous astronomer Gander Luoxia Zhang Hongheng Zu Chongzhi Zhang Sui (a monk and his party) Guo Shoujing Shen Kuo.

Astronomical works Shi Gan's Astrology and Lingxian.

Famous geographer Pei Daoyuan Xu Xiake Wei Yuan

Draw six-body wind observation, instrumental precipitation observation, instrumental humidity observation, instrumental cloud observation and other achievements, as well as Cloud Map: Notes on Water Classics, Travel Notes of Xu Xiake and Atlas of Sea and Country.

2. Ancient Mathematics

The earliest use of decimal fractions and decimals in abacus calculation of achievement is the pioneer of the binary idea of calculating pi with negative numbers.

His works include Zhou Kuai Shu Jing, Nine Chapters of Arithmetic, Island Shu Jing and Grandson Shu Jing.

Mathematician Liu Heng Zu Chongzhi

3. Ancient military

Military Thought Sun Tzu's Art of War Six Towers Sima Binbing Fa Wei Liao Zi Wu Zi

Military Invention The invention and spread of the stirrup of the ancient chariot The invention and spread of the crossbow of the ancient rocket powder fire-breathing device in China.

Personality soldier Sun Wu national hero Yue Fei Zhuge Liang

4. Traditional medicine in China

General situation of traditional Chinese medicine history basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine foundation of traditional Chinese medicine

Acupuncture, scraping, massage and cupping.

The meaning of diet therapy and health diet therapy; Four characteristics and five flavors of food; Traditional Chinese medicine health products: tea and medicinal liquor.

Featured invention Acupuncture Tongren traditional Chinese medicine needle tongue coating model internal classic map iron ball wuqinxi Tai Ji Chuan

Ancient famous doctor Ge Huangfu Shuhe Hua Boren Chunyu Dongyuan Dai Sigong Zhang Chao Zhongjing Yuanfang Sun Simiao Sun Yikui Hua Tuo Liu Wansu

5. Ancient agriculture

Ancient Water Conservancy China Ancient Water Conservancy Project Dujiangyan Zhengbai Canal Diversion Zhangshi No.2 Canal Tashan Yanshao Beiling Canal

Houtao Badaqu Hangou

Ancient agricultural tools China waterwheel bone shovel iron hoe iron plow

Ancient agricultural science and technology figures, Xu Guangqi and Song.

Achievements in Agricultural Technology: Hybrid Rice of Qigong Agriculture and Government Book

6. Ancient architecture

China's self-contained traditional architecture began its urban planning as early as the Zhou Dynasty. The development track of modern architecture in China, the historical stages of architecture in China and the characteristics of architecture in China.

7. China ancient machinery

China's achievements in the spread of western learning to the east: an investigation of mechanical technology: a record of far-west exotic drawings

Household utensils are covered with incense burners, and you can smell the tripod.

Belt drive of hydraulic spinning wheel for producing square plate chain pump

Paddle, rudder and boat: unicycle in the south guide car

8. China Textile Printing and Dyeing

China Ancient Textile China Ancient Clothing China Silk Weaving Art China Embroidery Art China Ancient Printing and Dyeing Ancient Mineral Pigments Dyeing and Weaving Varieties Silk Dyeing and Finishing Technology in the Development of Ancient Silk China Four Famous Embroidered Natural Fabric Dyes

9. China navigation technology

Review of Ancient Shipbuilding Three Kinds of Ancient Famous Ships in China Ancient Shipbuilding

Shipbuilding invented watertight cabin ships and small boats with keel structure with sail and stern rudder

Invention of navigation technology, application of navigation compass, star pulling, log and other navigation knowledge.

Maritime memorabilia Xu Fudong crossed the Maritime Silk Road in Han Dynasty in Japan, and Jian Zhen Eastern Airlines went to Zheng He's voyage to the West.

10. China Paper Printing

Papermaking, the original writing materials, the invention process of paper, the development of papermaking, the improvement and spread of papermaking in Cai Lun.

Character Cai Lun is more than Sheng Wang Town Lake Yan Zheng.

The invention of printing, the invention of block printing, the invention of movable type printing and the spread of printing technology.

Featured inventions: rubbing, overprinting and color printing of rice paper pen and ink seals.

1 1. China's ancient philosophy

Philosophy school Taoist philosophy Confucian philosophy Legalist philosophy famous philosopher Mohist philosophy Yin and Yang philosophy

Thinker Laozi Confucius Han Feizi Mozi

Philosophical works Tao Te Ching, The Analects of Confucius and the Book of Changes.

Key words of philosophy: Tao, Yin and Yang, Eight Diagrams and Five Elements, Taiji, Harmony between Man and Nature.

12. China ancient craft

China porcelain, China furniture, Chinese bronzes, China pottery, China sculpture, China lacquerware, China decoration, Four Treasures of the Study cloisonne, China wood carving, Chinese paper-cutting, Chinese bell ding, Chinese kite, Tang Sancai, Chinese lantern color, Chinese New Year painting, paper binding art, Yunnan paper horse, autumn art, Chinese fans, Chinese jade, Chinese stickers, metal crafts, silver crafts, stone carving art.

5. 400 words after reading the astronomy part of China ancient culture common sense.

Reflections on the common sense of ancient culture in China

Because I am doing research on the rational use of festival cultural resources in Chinese teaching, I recently came into contact with some books on traditional culture, Chinese and foreign culture, festival culture and so on, and I was particularly interested in traditional culture, so I opened the book Common Sense of Ancient China Culture edited by Wang Li, which was full of interest.

Reading books on traditional culture generally feels boring and obscure, and even a large number of uncommon words can't understand their meaning. This book covers astronomy, geography, food, clothing, housing and transportation. Needless to say, traditional culture covers a wide range, with humorous writing, illustrated pictures and texts, interspersed with stories and documents. , with relevant instructions. It is boring and profound to read, easy to understand and interesting. The illustrations in the book, or about utensils, or about architecture, or about silk and silk ... lines are clear and true, and it feels like the closest contact with these fine products in ancient China, and we can't help but feel the beauty and massiness of traditional culture.

The introduction of this book is a series of questions. "Do you know that the famous Simu Wuding has a false ear? Do you know that Jiang is not Meng? Do you know what the oldest concentric knot looks like? Do you know the truth about the battle between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou? " ..... I really want to be a knowledgeable teacher. If I can really apply these knowledge, stories and documents to Chinese teaching and extend them when necessary, my class will be very popular. As a Chinese teacher, you need to learn all kinds of knowledge and improve your literary accomplishment in order to give students the best literary infiltration.

It is also mentioned in books about traditional festivals. For example, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a very important festival for China people to sacrifice their deceased relatives. It is also called "Orchid Festival" or "Lantern Festival". Eyeworm basin is a Sanskrit transliteration, which means "to save from suffering". This story is related to the story of Manglietia (the hero of the folk Manglietia Opera in China) saving her mother. Legend has it that Mulian, one of Sakyamuni's top ten disciples, wanted to reform her parents after gaining magical powers, in order to repay the kindness of bearing and rearing. As a result, the food for my mother turned into charcoal as soon as it was handed to my mother. The Buddha said that the 15th of July every year is the Buddha's Happy Day, and it is necessary to gather the strength of the three treasures of Buddha and surpass the seven parents. The meaning of this story is actually far deeper than it seems. In fact, most people in Buddhism believe that the story of Yulanben is the reason why Hinayana Buddhism changed into Mahayana Buddhism.

In fact, there are many descriptions of Mid-Autumn Festival in China's ancient literary works, especially in poems and novels. As a traditional festival to mourn and pray for the deceased relatives, the Mid-Autumn Festival has a longer history than Tomb-Sweeping Day, and its significance is not under Tomb-Sweeping Day. It has been included in the intangible cultural heritage of folk customs, and there are different folk customs activities in various places. Similar traditional festivals include Shangsi Festival and Hanyi Festival.

Taking Mid-Autumn Festival as an example, the application of festival cultural resources in Chinese teaching needs to be screened, extracted, compared and discarded. The negative thoughts in festival culture are dross and need to be discarded, while the poetry culture, philosophy and festival significance involved are the essence, which can be retained as appropriate. Different resources of the same festival need to be carefully considered to find a suitable entrance; Cultural resources of different festivals also need to be compared and selected. It depends on whether this festival cultural resource is necessary, meaningful and positive in Chinese teaching. This is a long-term research and thinking proposition.

In my opinion, the common sense of China's ancient culture is more like a kind of "accomplishment" than a science. China's traditional culture is profound and profound, and it will never happen overnight. Understanding unknown or unfamiliar fields is a process of self-learning and self-cultivation. Read more, discover more and learn more. I only hope it is valuable and useful in specific teaching practice or research. This is a responsibility that needs to be adhered to.

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6. Knowledge of ancient culture

In ancient times, a day was divided into 65,438+02 hours, and the geographical branches were: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai.

One hour is now two hours. Midnight 23~ 1 point, clown time 1~3, Yin Shi time 3~5, Shi Mao time 5~7, 7~9 in the morning and 9~ 1 1 point at noon. Joint time 17~ 19, Chu time 19~2 1 point, sea time 2 1~23. More-in ancient times, it was regarded as night watch, sea watch, home watch, home watch, home watch, home watch, home watch and home watch.

So midnight is from 23: 00 to 1: 00. Give you a little more time, it may be used by the ancients, 1, 12 o'clock. It was used in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

In the Han Dynasty, it was named Midnight, Crow, Pingdan, Sunrise, Food Time, Horn, Japan-China, Sundial, Sunset, Dusk and Man's Decision. It is also expressed by the twelve earthly branches, and it is the child time from 23: 00 to 1 at midnight, the ugly time from 1 to 3: 00, and the Yin Shi time from 3: 00 to 5: 00, which are recursive in turn.

2.24-hour system. After the Song Dynasty, every 20 hours were divided into two parts, namely, early childhood, early childhood, early childhood, ugliness and ugliness.

Going down in turn, it is exactly 24 hours, which is consistent with the current 24 hours a day.

3. Ten-hour system. Appeared in the pre-Qin period.

Five minutes during the day and five minutes at night. According to Tian Wenzhi of Sui Shu, the days are morning, evening, noon and evening, and the nights are A, B, C, D and E (later represented by Wu Geng).

4. Five-hour system. Its names are Chen Ming, Yong Ming, Dan Ming, flea (early) food, banquet (late) food, corner, center, less return, shop time, big return, high return, low return, county (hanging) east, dusk, and ding faint.

See Huai Nan Zi. Astronomical training. 5, a hundred minutes.

That is to say, day and night are divided into a balanced one hundred quarters. Its production is related to the use of missing prints.

May have originated in Shang Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, it was changed to 120, and in the Southern Dynasty, it was changed to 96, 108. After many twists and turns, it was not until the introduction of European astronomical knowledge in the late Ming Dynasty that the reform of 96 engraving books was put forward and made it a formal system in the early Qing Dynasty.

6. Ancient times did not necessarily have strict temporal significance, but there were quite a few common and commonly used names. Generally speaking, sunrise can be called Dan, Zao, Chao and Chen, and sunrise can be called evening, dusk and evening.

When the sun is in the middle, it is called noon, noon and pavilion noon, when it is near noon, it is called angle, and when it is west, it is called day. After sunset, it is dusk. After dusk, it's up to people. After a person is appointed, it is midnight (or midnight). After midnight, the chicken crowed. After the cock crow, it is ignorant and dull-this is the time when it is already dawn.

The ancients had two meals a day, and the last meal was before sunrise, which was called eating time or eating early; After sundial, before sunset, it is time to have dinner. This time is called "time". Midnight, also known as midnight and midnight: the first hour of twelve o'clock.

(23: 00 to 0 1 hour Beijing time). Ugly cock crow, also known as pheasant: the second hour of twelve o'clock.

(065438+ 0: 00 to 03: 00 Beijing time). Yin Shiping Dan, also known as Dawn, Dawn and Sundan, etc. Time is the alternation of day and night.

(03: 00 to 05: 00 Beijing time). Sunrise in Shi Mao, also known as the beginning of the day, dawn and rising sun, refers to the time when the sun just appeared and Ran Ran first rose.

(05: 00 to 07: 00 Beijing time). Eating in the morning is also called breakfast. The time for the ancients to "eat in the morning" was also breakfast time (07:00-09:00 Beijing time).

Forty holes, also known as Yu Ri, etc. : near noon, call the corner. (09: 00 to 1 1: 00 Beijing time).

Noon, also known as sunrise, noon, etc. : (Beijing time 1 1 to 13). Not long ago, it was also called sunset, sun center and so on. : The sun sets in the west.

(Beijing time 13 to Beijing time 15). Feeding at the time of application, also known as day shop, late food and so on. (Beijing time 15 to 17).

As time goes by, it is also called sunset, sunset and evening: it means when the sun goes down. (Beijing time 17 to 19).

Dusk, also known as sunset, sunset glow, dusk, etc. At this time, the sun has set and the sky will be dark. The world is dark and everything is hazy, so it is called dusk.

(Beijing time 19 to Beijing time 2 1). At this time, it was already late at night, and people stopped their activities and had a rest.

Calm means quiet. (Beijing time 2 1 hour to 23: 00).

Time-the twelve hours of a day in the Chinese zodiac: the first half of the night is 1 1 to 1, the second half is 1 to 3, the second half is 3 to 5, the second half is 5 to 7, and the second half is 8 to 7. 1 1 pm is noon, 1 pm is inappropriate, it is silent from 7: 00 pm to 9: 00 pm, and it is Shihai from 9: 00 pm to 1 1 pm. It takes two hours every hour.

It can be seen that "from the fourth hour to the last hour" is equivalent to "from 9 am to 3 pm" now. More-in ancient times, it was regarded as night watch, sea watch, home watch, home watch, home watch, home watch, home watch and home watch.

There are five classes at night, and drums are played according to the class, with five points for each class. One hour per shift is equivalent to two hours now, which is 120 minutes, so each point in each shift only takes 24 minutes.

It can be seen that "cooking at four o'clock and sailing at five o'clock" is equivalent to "65438+ cooking at 0: 00 to 3: 00 in the middle of the night and sailing at 3: 00 to 5: 00". "5: 00 and 3: 00" are equivalent to 5: 00 and 72 minutes in the morning, namely 6: 00 and 12 minutes, and "3: 00 and 4: 00" are equivalent to 1 and 96 minutes at midnight, namely 2: 36 minutes.

Sculpture-Ancient time was measured by clepsydra. The leaky pot is divided into two parts: the sowing pot and the receiving pot.

The seeding kettle is divided into two or four layers, both of which have dripping holes, and finally flow into the receiving kettle. The kettle has an upright arrow engraved with 100 minutes. The arrow gradually rises with the storage of water, showing the number of minutes to show the time. And a 24-hour day and night is 100 minutes, which is equivalent to 1440 minutes now.

It can be seen that each moment is equivalent to 14.4 minutes now. So "3: 30 noon" is equivalent to the current 1: 43.2 noon, and the words "Geng", "Geng House" and "Geng Building" all come from the word "Geng".

As I said before, in ancient China, one day and night were divided into twelve hours, that is, one hour and two hours. During the day, people can judge the time by watching the sun, the sundial or the regular "copper pot dripping", but at night, they don't know the time, so some people will watch the "copper pot dripping" and tell people by playing drums according to the time.

The ancients stipulated that every time (about 7 pm to 9 pm.

7. Common sense of ancient culture

Ancient methods of age, month, date and time

Dating method

1 year chronology: The earliest chronology in China was expressed by the year when the princes ascended the throne. Take "Yuan, two, three ..." as the ordinal number until death. Such as: the year of Lunuo, the decade of Lu Zhuanggong. Since the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty by Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, the year number and year number have been used in the order of "Yuan, Er, San ……", and the change of year number has started again. Such as: the first year of Yuanjia, the middle period of Jian 'an at the end of Han Dynasty, and the decade of Yuanhe. When the new king ascended the throne, he had to change his title and remember it again, which was called "changing Yuan", such as "King Xia, changing Jingyan". Chronology of trunk and branch: trunk and branch, collectively referred to as heavenly stems and earthly branches. A, B, C, D, E, G and Xin Renkui are called ten stems, which are used to indicate the order. Zi Chou Chen has called the 12 th branch to record the time at noon. Ten stems and twelve circulating flowers are matched into Jiazi, Yechou, Bingyin ... Kuihai, and then Jiazi is re-matched, which is exactly 60, usually called 60-flower Jiazi, which is reused repeatedly. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the chronology of stems and branches has been adopted. For example, "To remember the arrest of Duke Zhou, I look forward to Ding Mao's March." 3 years, the combination of dry and dry years. For example, "Gan Long Ding Haidong in April of the second year of Shunzhi".

Lunar calendar method

1 is expressed by ordinal number: January, February, March ... December. January, the beginning of a year, is also called the first month. The ancients also had a method of "making the moon", that is, using December with twelve branches to represent the month. Usually, the gamete in November of the summer calendar where the winter solstice is located is called Jianzi Month, which leads to the conclusion that December is the ugly month, the first month is the cloudy month, and November is the sea month. 2 According to the four seasons: three months in each season, arranged in the order of Meng Zhongji, such as Meng Chun and Midsummer.

Jirifa

1 Mark the dates with dry branches, such as Ding Chou in June (the ninth day of June) and Xia Xinji (the thirteenth day). Because the number of days (fifty-nine days) in two months is different from that in the summer calendar, the names and dates of the monthly branches do not completely correspond. 2. According to the ordinal number of the first day, the second day to the thirtieth day. These three days at the end of the 15th of each month have specific names, which are called "New Moon", "Hope" and "Darkness". (4) Punctuality The ancients used punctuality to represent twelve hours, and each hour is equivalent to two hours now. From 23: 00 (i.e. 1 1 p.m.) to 1 p.m., gametes advance in sequence, with the first hour as the beginning and the last hour as the positive, which is equivalent to dividing twelve hours of a day and night into twenty-four hours. See the table of twelve points and twelve earthly branches for collocation. At dusk 12, people will crow at midnight and the sun will rise at sunrise. At noon, the sun will set.

Chen hasn't signed up for the twelve places to defend Haizi's ugliness this afternoon.

24: 00 19-

2 1 2 1-

23 23-

1 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-

1 1 1 1-

13 13-

15 15-

17 17-

19

Even 20-

22 22-

24 24-2 2-4 4-6

Five more one more two more three more four more five more.

8. Ancient cultural common sense geography

Chixian and Shenzhou are called China.

The ancient Chinese nation was founded in the Yellow River valley, and it was called Huaxia because it was the highest in the world. China also refers to the vassal states of the Central Plains during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and later refers to the Central Plains region.

"State" is the territory of ancient governors. Kyushu, Jiutu, Ba Huang and Jiutu of Five Blessingg are the administrative divisions of the Central Plains in the ancient legend of China, which can also refer to China.

Eight famines spread in all directions. The area around the ancient capital Five Blessingg is divided into five zones every 500 miles, which is called "Five Blessingg".

Shandong and Shanxi During the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was generally known that Yishan or Huashan was Shandong to the east and Shanxi to the west. In ancient dynasties, which established their capital in present-day Shaanxi, Hanguguan or Wang Ji, west of Tongguan, was generally called "inside the pass", and vice versa.

During the period of Sanjin, Sanchu and Sanqin, Jin was divided into three parts (Zhao Hanwei), and later generations called the former Jin area "Sanjin". During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the original Chu areas were the western Chu, the eastern Chu and the southern Chu, namely "the three Chu".

After the destruction of Qin, Xiang Yu was divided into three regions, which were divided into three generals of Qin, and later called Guanzhong area "Sanqin". Central Plains, Great Wall, and River Surface The Central Plains in a narrow sense refers to Henan Province and its nearby areas, and the Central Plains in a broad sense refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River or the whole basin.

The area north of the Great Wall is outside the Great Wall, also known as the northern part of the Great Wall. The area south of the Yangtze River is called Jiangbiao, and the areas south of the Yangtze River such as Sunan and Zhejiang are also called "Jiangdong". During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan ruled.

Four counties are the capital, contemptible and urban, and ten counties are the summer capitals; "Capital" also refers to Kyoto. Bi is one of the local organizations in the Zhou Dynasty, with 500 organizations, which refer to small towns and remote places.

Two capitals, three capitals, two capitals, five JD.COM Han and Luoyang are the east capitals, and Chang 'an, the old capital of the Western Han Dynasty, is called the west capital, which is collectively called "two capitals"; Together with Wan, it is called "Three Capitals". Luoyang and Chang 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty were called both capitals. Kaifeng and Luoyang were two capitals in Song Dynasty. After the Ming Dynasty, Beijing and Nanjing were called two capitals.

There were five capitals in the Tang Dynasty: Tokyo, Beijing, Nanjing, Xijing and Zhongjing. The six ancient capitals are Beijing, Nanjing, Xi, Luoyang, Kaifeng and Hangzhou.

Beijing was called "Ji" in ancient times, also known as "Yanjing". Xi 'an is an ancient capital with the most dynasties and the longest time in Chinese history. It was called Xi 'an in Ming Dynasty and Chang 'an in ancient times.

Luoyang is the ancient capital of the Nine Dynasties. Nanjing was called Moling in Qin and Han Dynasties, Jianye in Sun Wu, Jiankang in Jin, Jinling in Southern Tang Dynasty, Yingtianfu in Zhu Yuanzhang's name, jiangning house in Qing Dynasty and Tianjing in Taiping Army, also known as Stone Town and Baixia. It is an ancient capital of six generations.

Kaifeng was called Daliang in ancient times and Bianjing and Tokyo in Song Dynasty. Hangzhou was called Qiantang in ancient times, also known as Lin 'an.

Gusu, Weiyang and Jingkou are nicknamed "Gusu" in Suzhou today; Yangzhou is nicknamed "Weiyang" and "Jiangdu"; Zhenjiang was called "Jingkou" in ancient times.

9. How much do you know about ancient culture?

, human appellation II, ancient official positions III, astronomical calendar IV, ancient geography V, imperial examination system VI, customs and etiquette VII, dining utensils VIII, music and entertainment IX, literature and history classics X, catalogue dictionary XI, ancient military system 1, ancient human appellation, common appellation, special appellation II, ancient official list and ancient official position explanation. Detailed explanation, appointment and removal of official posts, ancient conferring official titles, ancient contemporary official titles 3, astronomical calendar, astronomical calendar, names of stars, 28-star calendar 4, ancient geography, official titles, official titles 5, detailed explanation of ancient imperial examination system, overview of imperial examination system, development of ancient Chinese imperial examination system 6, customs and etiquette, traditional festivals, titles, etc. 7. Dining car used in ancient times Dining car used in ancient times 8. The pentatonic scale of music and entertainment is also called pentatonic scale, that is, the five tones of Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zhi and Yu in ancient China.

Five tones, like the simple theoretical forms of yin and yang, five elements, five flavors, five colors, five facial features and five grains in ancient times, are the whole aesthetic concept of China in his early days, and are regarded as the basic form of the whole oriental music by westerners.

Ancient music and entertainment. Four books, five classics, six classics, thirteen classics, a thousand words, a thousand poems and 300 Tang poems. , human appellation II, ancient official positions III, astronomical calendar IV, ancient geography V, imperial examination system VI, customs and etiquette VII, dining utensils VIII, music and entertainment IX, literature and history classics X, catalogue dictionary XI, ancient military system 1, ancient human appellation, common appellation, special appellation II, ancient official list and ancient official position explanation. Detailed explanation, appointment and removal of official posts, ancient conferring official titles, ancient contemporary official titles 3, astronomical calendar, astronomical calendar, names of stars, 28-star calendar 4, ancient geography, official titles, official titles 5, detailed explanation of ancient imperial examination system, overview of imperial examination system, development of ancient Chinese imperial examination system 6, customs and etiquette, traditional festivals, titles, etc. 7. Dining car used in ancient times Dining car used in ancient times 8. The pentatonic scale of music and entertainment is also called pentatonic scale, that is, the five tones of Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zhi and Yu in ancient China.

Five tones, like the simple theoretical forms of yin and yang, five elements, five flavors, five colors, five facial features and five grains in ancient times, are the whole aesthetic concept of China in his early days, and are regarded as the basic form of the whole oriental music by westerners.

Ancient music and entertainment. Four Books, Five Classics, Six Classics, Thirteen Classics, Three-character Classics, Thousands of Poems, 300 Selected Poems of Tang Poetry, Compilation of Ancient Documents and Words, Twenty-four History, Tongzhijian, Poems of Taiping Guangji, Naming of Historical Books, and Writing of Literary and Historical Classics.