Shanxi humanities and history of general knowledge

1. What kind of history and culture does Shanxi have

Shanxi Province is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and belongs to the Central Plains Cultural Circle of the Yellow River Basin.

The Yellow River turns southward to Hequ in Shanxi, encircling half of Shanxi, recording the long history of Shanxi and nurturing the rich and simple Shanxi folk culture. As far back as the Paleolithic era, one million years ago, the ancestors of the Chinese nation lived and prospered here.

The Dingcun cultural site in Xiangfen and the Zhiyu site on the Sanggan River in Shuozhou are important witnesses to the primitive culture. The beautiful myths and legends of the ancient times, such as the Yellow Emperor's killing of Chiyu, Emperor Yao's capital Pingyang, Emperor Shun's plowing in the mountains, and Dayu's water treatment, are all related to Shanxi.

The Tang and Wei styles of the Book of Songs, which satirize the times and lament the work of the laborers, are oral creations of the laboring people on the soil of Shanxi. In the long-term folklore inheritance, the folklore of Shanxi has formed the regional characteristics of simplicity, roughness, boldness, diversification and collection, making it one of the most representative types of Yellow River folk culture.

2. What is the history and culture of Shanxi

Shanxi is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. In this land, there were human beings living and reproducing 100,000 years ago, and the ruins of the Xihoudou culture and the Dingcun culture show that human beings have been living and reproducing here as early as the Paleolithic era. During the Zhou Dynasty, Shanxi was the territory of the Tang Kingdom. Later, Tang Shuyu's son, Xiefu, changed the name of his country to Jin because it was near the Jin River. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Shanxi was one of the five hegemonic states of Jin. During the Warring States period, the three kingdoms of Han, Zhao and Wei, which divided Jin, were known as the Seven Heroes of the Warring States along with Qin, Chu, Qi and Yan. After Qin Shihuang unified China, there were five counties in Shanxi, including Taiyuan, Shangdang, Hedong, Yanmen, and Dai County. By the time of Sui, Taiyuan was the third largest city in the Yellow River basin after Chang'an and Luoyang. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan and his son rose up in Taiyuan and established the capital of Chang'an, honoring Taiyuan as the "Northern Capital", meaning "Other Capital". During the Five Dynasties period, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty and the Northern Han Dynasty were all based in Shanxi. During the feudal society of China, the status of Shanxi was very important, and because of its special geographical location, the more important it was in the chaotic times, whoever possessed Shanxi could dominate the world. Therefore, Gu Zuyu of the Qing Dynasty pointed out in "Reading History and Fangyu Jiyao" that: the situation of the world will be taken from Shanxi. During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Shanxi's economy and culture took the lead in northern China. During the Ming Dynasty, Shanxi Xingzhongshu Province was set up in Taiyuan, which was later changed to Chengxuan Buzhengji (承宣布政使司), and it was in charge of five provinces and three states in Shanxi. In the Qing Dynasty, it began to be called Shanxi. Shanxi has a long history and a rich cultural heritage. So far the written history of three thousand years, known as the "Museum of Ancient Chinese Culture", also known as "the cradle of Chinese civilization". The legends of "Jingwei reclaiming the sea" and "Nuwa mending the sky" took place in Shanxi. Yao, Shun and Yu, the three emperors of the ancient times of China, built their capitals in the south of Shanxi, which were "Yao Capital Pingyang (present Linfen City)", "Shun Capital Puzhan (present Yongji City)", "Yu Capital Anyi (present Xia County)", "Shun Capital Anyi (present Xia County)". ". During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chong Er, the Duke of Jin, was one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Datong (then called Pingcheng) was famous as the capital of Northern Wei. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan and his son rose up in Jinyang (present-day Taiyuan), then seized Chang'an and established the Tang Dynasty, later making Taiyuan the northern capital of the Tang Empire. At the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Central Plains were plagued by years of war and frequent calamities, while Shanxi, especially the area around Jinnan, was economically prosperous and densely populated, and became the main area for emigration in the early Ming Dynasty. In as long as half a century, Shanxi had emigrated more than a dozen times. Dahuishu in Hongdong County was a major immigration station. Many parts of the country circulated "ask me where my ancestors, Shanxi Hongdong Dahuishu", that is, from this. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the rise of Jin merchants and Shanxi ticket companies became famous in China and abroad. Datong City, Pingyao County, Dai County, Qixian County and Xinjiang County are all famous historical cities in Shanxi

The answer is from the official website of North South Travel Network

3. Jin is the only non-official dialect in northern China. The most important feature that distinguishes Jin from Official Chinese is the retention of the incoming tones. Most Jin languages have five tones. The tones of Jin have a very complex succession of tones. The ancient turbid tones of Jin are now pronounced with a flat tone and a non-aspirated tone for the words "sei yin" and "sei fu" (塞擦音). The Jin language retains many features of the ancient Chinese language.

Shanxi is one of the birthplaces of Chinese opera, known as the "cradle of opera". During the Han Dynasty, the sprout of opera appeared in Shanxi; during the Northern Song Dynasty, a variety of local opera was active throughout Shanxi - these local opera is the prototype of Chinese opera; during the Yuan Dynasty, Shanxi became the center of the national opera art, and the Yuan Dynasty theaters found in the country are basically in Shanxi.

Shanxi is one of the earliest regions where the folklore of annual festivals appeared. Chinese history has long practiced the summer calendar, which is the calendar used by the historical Xia Dynasty. The southern part of Shanxi Province was one of the birthplaces of the Xia Dynasty, and the northern part of the province was inhabited by Hu and Han people for quite a long period of time, resulting in the formation of local characteristics of festivals and folklore.

Extended information

Shanxi is known as the "Museum of Ancient Chinese Architecture", the well-preserved ancient buildings on the ground before the Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty account for more than 70% of the country. Ancient human cultural sites, the ancient city of the emperor, the temple, grottoes and tablets, sculptures and murals, ancient pagodas and tombs, Buddhist and Taoist shrines, dangerous fortresses and passes, as well as revolutionary cultural relics, historical sites, etc., from the north to the south, constitutes the ancient and modern humanistic landscapes of Shanxi.

By the end of 2013, Shanxi Province has 452 national key cultural relics protection units. Wutai Mountain in Xinzhou is one of the four major Buddhist shrines; Datong Yungang Grottoes is one of the three major Buddhist grottoes; Datong Beiyue Hengshan is one of the five mountains in China; Hengkong Temple is the only remaining temple in China "Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism"; Pingyao Ancient City in Jinzhong is one of the three existing ancient cities; Yuncheng Xiezhou Guandi Temple is the largest martial arts temple.

Huangcheng Xiangfu, Qiao Family Residence, Dujia Family Residence, Wang Family Residence, Li Family Residence, Taigu Sandotang, Chang Family Manor, Shen Family Residence, Mengmen Ancient Town, and Kongxiangxi's former residence are representative of Shanxi's residential houses.

Reference:

Sogou Wikipedia-Shanxi

4. What are the Famous Historical and Cultural Cities of Shanxi

The Famous Historical and Cultural Cities of Shanxi belong to the national level, including the city of Datong, and the cities of Pingyao, Dai, Qixian, and Xinjiang.

Datong, known as Pingcheng in ancient times, was once the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and was the center of Northern rule during the Northern and Southern Dynasties for nearly a hundred years, and still preserves ancient cultural and artistic masterpieces from the Northern Wei Dynasty through the Yungang Grottoes to the Sung, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. The Ancient City of Pingyao is one of the best-preserved prototypes of an ancient Chinese county town from the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a wall circumference of 6.

16 kilometers, with well-preserved corner towers, quixing towers, battlements, enemy towers and urns, which basically maintain the shape of the city wall from the early Ming Dynasty; the streets, stores and houses of the Ming and Qing dynasties are still in the same style in the city, which is now under development. Daixian County has a long history, the ancient city wall is partially intact, and there are many cultural relics and monuments, such as Yanmen Pass, Bianjing Building, Ayuwang Pagoda, Literature Temple, Yang Family Ancestral Hall, General's Temple, Bell Tower and so on.

Qixian County, the county streets, stores and residential layout still maintains the pattern of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the county's existing ancient residential compounds nearly 1,000, cultural relics and monuments throughout the county. The ancient name of Xinjiang is Jiangzhou, the existing city wall was built in the Ming Dynasty, the city of Jiangzhou Hall, Longxing Temple, Bell Tower, Drum Tower, Music Building and other ancient buildings are well-preserved, the Jiangshouju Garden Pond is the only existing Sui and Tang Dynasty garden site in China, Xue, Chen and Qiao families and other private gardens are also quite distinctive.

In addition, Taiyuan, the capital of the province, was the early capital of the State of Zhao during the Warring States period, the capital of Eastern Wei and Northern Qi during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the northern capital of the Tang Dynasty. According to legend, the three prehistoric Chinese greats, Yao, Shun and Yu, all built their capitals in Shanxi, and the Yao capital, Pingyang, is now Linfen, with the existing Yao Temple and Yao Mausoleum.

Houma was the late capital of the state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period; and near the ruins of ancient Puzhou in the city of Yongji, there is a dense concentration of natural and humanistic tourism resources, rich in culture. Other cities such as Shuozhou, Shanyin, Taigu, Changzhi, Jiexiu, Fenyang and Jincheng are also famous for their history and culture.

Jiexiu Zhangbi ancient fortress set of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty ancient art in a village, underground thousands of years of ancient tunnels is the earliest surviving military tunnels in ancient China.

5. Knowledge of Shanxi's Human Geography

Shanxi Province is named after the west of the Taihang Mountains.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, most of the area was owned by the state of Jin, so it was called "Jin" for short; at the beginning of the Warring States period, the state of Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into three, so it was also called "San Jin". The province has a total area of 156,000 square kilometers, a total population of 33 million people, 11 prefecture-level cities, 119 counties, cities and districts.

The terrain of Shanxi is mostly hilly, with mountainous areas accounting for more than 80% of the province's total area. There are Taihang Mountains in the east, Luliang Mountains in the west, and the Yellow River in the west and south with Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Henan and other provinces and regions as the boundary, the Tang Dynasty Liu Zongyuan called "table in the mountains and rivers".

Shanxi is rich in mineral resources. Reserves in the country's first mineral coal, bauxite, refractory clay and other 7; the country's top 10 minerals are 34.

Among them, rich reserves of coal resources, widely distributed, coal quality, variety, shallow, easy to mine, the cumulative proven reserves of more than 250 billion tons, accounting for 26% of the country's proven reserves, known as the "Sea of Coal". Shanxi is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation, known as the "cradle of Chinese civilization".

The legend of "Nvwa Mending Heaven" happened in Shanxi. Both the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor, the founders of the Chinese nation, were active in Shanxi.

China's three ancient emperors, Yao, Shun and Yu, all built their capitals in the south of Shanxi, as "Yao capital Pingyang (present-day Linfen)", "Shun capital Pu Ban (present-day Yongji)", and "Yu capital Anyi (present-day Xiaxian)". ". During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Wen of Jin, Chong Er, was one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Datong (then known as Pingcheng) was famous as the capital of Northern Wei. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan and his son rose up in Jinyang (present-day Taiyuan), then seized Chang'an and established the Tang Dynasty, later making Taiyuan the northern capital of the Tang Empire.

At the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Central Plains were plagued by years of war and frequent calamities, while Shanxi, especially the area around Jinnan, was economically prosperous and densely populated, which made it a major area of outward migration at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. In the long half-century, Shanxi had a dozen times to foreign immigrants.

Hongdong County Dahuishu was a major immigration station. Many parts of the country have been rumored to be "asking where my ancestors are, Shanxi Hongdong Dahuishu", that is, from this.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the rise of the Jin merchants and Shanxi ticket companies, famous in China and abroad. Shanxi has a rich ethnic cultural heritage, tourism resources are very rich.

The existing ancient buildings on the ground before Song, Liao and Jin account for more than 70% of the country. Famous tourist attractions are: Datong tourist area of the Yungang Grottoes, Hanging Temple, Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, and one of the five mountains of China's Beiyue Hengshan; Xinzhou tourist area of the Wutai Mountain, Luga Mountain, Dai County Yang Jiajun home; Taiyuan tourist area of the ancestral temple, Pingyao Ancient City, Jinzhong, the former Jin merchants of the mansion compound; Linfen tourist area of the Yao Temple, the Great Sophora Tree, Hongdong County, Guangsheng Temple, the Yellow River in Jixian Hukou Waterfalls; Yuncheng tourist area of the solution of the State Guandi Temple in Yuncheng tourist area, Ruicheng Yongle Palace, Sima Guang's Tomb in Xia County, Yongji Yellow River Iron Bull and Yingying Tower, and so on.

Among them, the ancient city of Pingyao and the Yungang Grottoes have been included in the World Cultural Heritage.? In various periods of Chinese history, Shanxi has produced many statesmen, militarists, literary figures and historians.

The most famous ones are Chong Er, the Duke of Jin, one of the lords of the Spring and Autumn Period; Wu Zetian, the only female emperor of China and an outstanding statesman of the Tang Dynasty; Guan Yu, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms Period and the "Sage of Martial Arts" of China; Sima Guang, the author of China's first chronicle, the "Ziji Tongjian," a renowned historian of the Song Dynasty; Sima Guang, one of the four great masterpieces of Chinese history, the "Three Kingdoms," a book about the Three Kingdoms, a book about the Three Kingdoms, a book about the Three Kingdoms. Luo Guanzhong, the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the famous poets of the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Bo, Wang Zhilu, Wang Wei and Bai Juyi, the famous prose writer of the Tang Dynasty, such as Liu Zongyuan, and the famous opera singers of the Yuan Dynasty, such as Guan Hanqing and Bai Park. ? Shanxi is a famous old revolutionary area.

As early as 1921, Gao Junyu, an early Chinese Marxist, formed the Socialist Youth League in Taiyuan to carry out revolutionary activities. After the Red Army's Long March to Shaanbei, *** personally led the main force of the Red Army to cross the river and march east, spreading the seeds of revolution all over western Jin, central Jin, and southern Jin.

After the outbreak of the National War of Resistance, the three main forces of the Eighth Route Army pushed into Shanxi, creating a base for anti-Japanese resistance behind the enemy lines. During the eight-year war of resistance, Shanxi was an important strategic pivot for the North China War of Resistance and even the National War of Resistance; the local party organizations in Shanxi cultivated 150,000 *** members, and the base sent 600,000 hot-blooded young people to the Eighth Route Army.

During the liberation war, Shanxi became a strategic base to support the liberation of the whole country, and the general public actively supported the front line, with a large number of local cadres going south or east or west to new areas, making significant contributions to the Chinese revolution.? After the founding of New China, especially the reform and opening up more than 20 years, the people of Shanxi under the leadership of the Party, unity, hard work, innovation, and promote the comprehensive economic and social development.

As an energy base, Shanxi has made important contributions to the economic development of the country.? "Tenth Five-Year" period, the provincial party committee, the provincial *** adhere to the *** theory and " ***" important thought as a guide, to the scientific concept of development as the overall leadership, tightly grasp the development of the first priority, concentrate on construction, single-mindedly seek development, the province's economic construction and social The province's economic construction and social development has made new achievements.

In 2006, Shanxi Province realized a GDP of 474.65 billion yuan, an increase of 11.8% year on year. Per capita GDP was 14,100,000 yuan, or 1808 U.S. dollars; total fiscal revenue exceeded the 100 billion yuan mark, reaching 104.801 billion yuan, an increase of 38.20% year-on-year, the growth rate of provinces and municipalities in the country in the first place; per capita disposable income of urban residents was 10,027.7 yuan, an increase of 12.5% compared with the previous year; per capita net income of peasants exceeded 3,000 yuan.

Natural Geography Shanxi Province is located in the western part of North China, the eastern wing of the Loess Plateau. The geographic coordinates are 34°34'-40°43'N latitude and 110°14'-114°33'E longitude.

It is about 290 kilometers wide from east to west and 550 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 156,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 1.6% of the country's total area. The outline of the realm is slightly in the shape of a parallelogram slanting from northeast to southwest.

East of the towering Taihang Mountains as a natural barrier, and Hebei Province as a neighbor; west and south of the Yellow River as a moat, and Shaanxi Province, Henan Province, looking at each other; north across the sheer Inner Great Wall, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region adjacent. The terrain of Shanxi is relatively complex, with mountains, hills, plateaus, basins, plateaus and other types of landforms.

Mountains and hills account for more than two-thirds of the total area, most of which are between 1,000 and 2,000 meters above sea level. The highest point is Wutai Mountain's North Platform Ye Doufeng, with an elevation of 3,058 meters, and the lowest point is in the territory of Yuanqu County, where the Xiyang River enters the Yellow River, with an elevation of only 180 meters.

Shanxi table in the mountains and rivers, the eastern boundary of the Taihang Mountains, west of the Luliang Mountains, north of the Beiyue Hengshan, Wutai Mountain, south of the Zhongtiao Mountain, neutral Taiyue Mountain. The main rivers are the Fen River, the Haihe River two major water systems.

There are large and small rivers in the territory of 1.

6. Shanxi history and culture

Shanxi history and culture of a clear vein, the framework is complete; Shanxi civilization process has never been interrupted, and far-reaching impact.

The history of Shanxi began in the Paleolithic era and evolved through Yao, Shun and Yu and the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties for thousands of years, and by the time of the Jin Dynasty and the Three Jin Dynasties, it had already formed a distinctive feature of its culture that was different from that of other regions. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the history and culture of Shanxi has become more colorful and brilliant.

The integrity, sophistication and artistry of Shanxi's history and culture have played an important role in the formation of the Chinese nation, and have had a great impact on the five thousand years of Chinese civilization, which has also made Shanxi one of the regions with the strongest local cultural characteristics. Shanxi is one of the central regions of the origin of Chinese civilization.

The word "China" first appeared in history books, referring to the southwestern part of Shanxi in the ancient Yu and Shun era. In China's indigenous civilization, from Yao, Shun, and Yu to the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties, the cultural heritage of Shanxi has never ceased.

Since ancient times, Shanxi has been a natural channel for the cultural convergence of the Chinese people in the Central Plains and the various ethnic groups in the north, and a frontier position for the collision and docking of the farming economy of the Central Plains and the nomadic economy of the north. In the ancient times, the economic and military strength of the countries in the Central Plains continued to increase, so that the northern peoples gradually integrated into the Huaxia, and accepted the more advanced Huaxia culture.

By the late Spring and Autumn period, the boundary between the two sides had nearly disappeared. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, more than five centuries, Shanxi merchants from the salt industry, the development of cotton, cloth, grain, oil, tea, medicinal herbs, fur, finance and other industries, and trade activities from the hometown of the expansion of the whole country, and even as far as today's Mongolia **** and the country, Russia, North Korea, Japan and other countries.

The vigor of the Jinshang, the footprint of the far, the wealth of the huge, so that the world has recognized the "no West is not a business" of the historical facts. The historical evolution of the Shanxi region, linked to the five thousand years of Chinese civilization, leaving 35,000 cultural relics and monuments, 119 national security units, ranking first in the country.

Therefore, Shanxi is the most qualified to become the world to understand and appreciate the Chinese civilization "theme park". The history and culture of Shanxi is characterized by constant change and progress, always in the forefront of the times.

The development of Shanxi's history and culture proves that social change and progress are both based on advanced ideas and the cradle of new ideas. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, Shanxi became the birthplace of the Warring States Legalists, Zongheng and Hengjia, the famous debaters and military scientists, as well as an important tributary of Confucianism in the early pre-Qin period, which led to the formation of the magnificent Sanjin Confucianism.

These progressive trends of thought were in the same era of a hundred schools of thought, not only have mutual reinforcement and agitation, but also have mutual complementary and promotional, *** with the creation of the progressive characteristics of the culture of Sanjin. In the Shuozhou Chiyu culture remains of 20,000 to 30,000 years ago, hundreds of pieces of bone carved with artificial traces on the surface were found, indicating that the Chiyu people may have begun the primitive art of carving.

At the Kakizitan site in Ji County, which was in transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic, there are two petroglyphs that are considered to be the earliest art treasures of mankind. In the Taosi site, which is 4,000 to 5,000 years old, drums and chimes belonging to the early Xia culture have been unearthed, and one- and two-tone holes of ceramic ocarinas unearthed in Yijing, Taiyuan, belong to the Neolithic period.

Shi Kuang, a great musician from the state of Jin, was famous for his skill with the zither and the rhythm of sound, and Xunzi, a native of Zhao, created the theory of art. The Han statues at Lishi, the Yellow River iron ox of the Tang Dynasty at Puzhindu, and the Jinnan opera of the Yuan Dynasty show that Shanxi has always been at the forefront of the world's oriental art world in the evolution of human civilization.

Among the many categories of art, Shanxi's ancient architecture and its surviving murals, sculptures and grottoes, as well as its ancient cities and residential architecture, are more outstanding and distinctive.

7. History and culture of Shanxi

The history and culture of Shanxi has a clear vein and a complete framework; the process of civilization in Shanxi has never been interrupted, with far-reaching influence. The history of Shanxi began in the Paleolithic era and evolved through Yao, Shun and Yu and the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

for thousands of years, and by the time of the Jin Dynasty and the Three Jin Dynasties, it had already formed a distinctive feature of its culture that was different from that of other regions. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Shanxi's historical culture has become more colorful and brilliant

The integrity, sophistication and artistry of Shanxi's historical culture have played an important role in the formation of the Chinese nation, and have had a great impact on the 5,000 years of civilization in China, which has made Shanxi

one of the regions with the strongest local cultural characteristics.

Shanxi is one of the central regions of the origin of Chinese civilization. The word "China" first appeared in history books, referring to the southwestern part of the mountain in the ancient Yu and Shun era.

In China's native civilization, from Yao, Shun and Yu to the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the cultural heritage of Shanxi has never been interrupted.

Since ancient times, Shanxi has been a natural channel for the cultural convergence of the Chinese and northern peoples in the Central Plains, and a frontier for the collision and docking of the agrarian economy in the Central Plains and the nomadic economy in the north.

In the ancient times, the economic and military strength of the Central Plains countries continued to grow, so that the northern peoples gradually integrated into the Huaxia, and accepted the more advanced Huaxia culture. By the late Spring and Autumn period

the boundaries between the two sides nearly disappeared. In more than five centuries during the Ming and Qing dynasties, Shanxi merchants began in the salt industry, developed into cotton, cloth, grain, oil, tea, medicinal herbs, fur, finance and other

various industries, and expanded their trade activities from their hometowns to all parts of the country, and even as far as today's Mongolia **** and the country, Russia, North Korea, Japan and other countries. Jin's boldness, foot

footprint of the far, the wealth of the huge, so that the world recognized the "no West is not business" historical fact.

The historical evolution of the Shanxi region, linked through the five thousand years of Chinese civilization, leaving 35,000 cultural relics, 119 national security units, ranking first in the country. Therefore,

Shanxi is the most qualified to become the world to understand and appreciate the Chinese civilization "theme park".

The history and culture of Shanxi is characterized by constant change and progress, always in the forefront of the times. The development of Shanxi's history and culture proves that the change and progress of the society is based on

advanced ideas and is the cradle of new ideas.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanxi became the birthplace of the Warring States Legalists, Zongheng and Hengjia, the famous debaters and military scientists, as well as an important branch of Confucianism in the early pre-Qin period, which led to the formation of the spectacular

Sanjin Confucianism. These progressive trends of thought were in the same era of a hundred schools of thought, not only have mutual sharpening and agitation, but also have each other's complementary and promotion, *** with the creation of progressive characteristics

of the culture of Sanjin.

Hundreds of bone fragments with artificial traces engraved on their surfaces have been found in the remains of the Shuozhou Chiyu culture, which is 20,000 to 30,000 years old, suggesting that the Chiyu people may have begun the primitive art of carving

On the site of Persimmon Beach in Jixian County, which is in the transition period from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic, there are two petroglyphs that are considered to be the earliest art treasures of mankind. In the Taosi site, which is 4,000 to 5,000 years old, drums and chimes belonging to the early Xia culture have been unearthed

, and one- and two-tone holes of ceramic ocarinas unearthed in Yijing, Taiyuan, belonged to Neolithic musical instruments. Shi Kuang, a great musician from the state of Jin, was famous for his skill with the zither and the rhythm of sound

Xunzi, a native of the state of Zhao, founded the theory of art. The Han Dynasty portrait stones in Li Shi, the Yellow River iron ox of the Tang Dynasty in Pu Jin Du, and the Yuan Dynasty Jin Nan miscellaneous dramas all show that Shanxi has been

at the forefront of the world's oriental art parks in the evolution of human civilization. In many art categories, Shanxi ancient architecture and its reliance on ancient architecture and the survival of murals, sculpture and grotto art, ancient cities and residential construction

architectural art, achievements are more prominent, more distinctive.