Inheritance of Shu embroidery

Shu embroidery is the general name of embroidery centered on Chengdu, Sichuan. Its producing areas are mainly concentrated in Chengdu, Chongqing, Wenjiang, Pixian and Mianyang in Sichuan. Shu embroidery products include mirror curtains, lace, wedding dresses, scrolls, shoes and hats, skirts, pillowcases, quilt covers, curtains and so on.

Shu embroidery is very popular among the people. At that time, embroidery was a sideline in rural areas around Chengdu, and some families passed it down from generation to generation, so there were many experts in embroidery among the people. However, the vigorous research and creation of embroidery by the persuasion bureau in turn promoted the development of folk embroidery industry, and the number of embroidery shops and shops increased. Market demand has stimulated the progress of Shu embroidery technology. With the improvement of embroidery technology, Shu embroidery became famous. It is said that many court embroideries in the Qing Dynasty came from Sichuan, and the products produced by Chengdu census were Chinese odyssey, ten times better than those produced in the East. This naturally depends on the inherent tradition of Shu embroidery. According to statistics, there are more than 12 stitches and 130 kinds of Shu embroidery, which are the most abundant among the four famous embroideries, and more than 70 brocade threads are unique to Shu embroidery. Therefore, foreigners who came to Chengdu at that time bought more old embroidery from decades ago as playthings, and they could pay a lot of money, such as women's skirts, as door curtains. Officialdom, bought is the cover on the coffee table; The embroidered account will be bought and hung on the wall as a screen (Overview of Chengdu). Of course, its exquisite embroidered pictures are still very precious. The transformation of practicality into enjoyment is the promotion of its aesthetic value. From the embroidery works of Chengdu in the late Qing Dynasty and the embroidery works of the Persuasion Bureau listed in local chronicles, we can see that Shu embroidery paid great attention to the production of daily necessities at that time. This is a prominent aspect of the folk nature of Shu embroidery, and there is no lack of embroidery among the people because of the needs of life. In their spare time, urban and rural women often put headscarves or even embroideries on their shoes, hats and pillows. Practice is particularly good to become a master. For example, Wang Songxuan's "History of Women in Chengdu", she made her own colored lines and embroidered them with famous pastels, especially her works and sketches, which were sought after by the market. At that time, embroidery was very fashionable, especially for young people now, so I loved my family and longed for world-famous products. For example, the embroidery of Gu Jia in Luxiangyuan, Shanghai, spread from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, and incorporated the theme of famous paintings in the Song and Yuan Dynasties into embroidery, and they were all exquisite. It is called Gu embroidery in the world, which is a typical boudoir painting embroidery and a representative of folk embroidery. In the late Qing Dynasty, as in Suzhou and Hangzhou, rust shops often used Gu embroidery signs. Although the packaging shows that its embroidery is good, it also shows that Shu embroidery can absorb the skills of Gu embroidery. It is said that Qing Daoguang-nian has just been transferred from Suzhou to Sichuan, and there are three masters of costume embroidery in the accompanying troupe, all of whom are male and are very concerned about embroidery skills. Later, he recruited disciples to teach skills and incorporated the method of Gu embroidery into Shu embroidery. Nowadays, almost all the old artists of Shu embroidery are men, because the recruitment at that time was limited to secular etiquette and could not recruit boudoir women. After the reform and opening up, Hao Shuping, Yang Dequan, Meng Zhizhi, Wu, Peng Shiping and other middle-aged and elderly Shu embroidery masters emerged. They have well inherited the stitch and artistic style of Shu embroidery, and made Shu embroidery art reach a new level. They studied and invented the stitches and varieties of Shu embroidery, such as random stitch embroidery, Shuang Mianxiu, double-sided different color embroidery and double-sided different embroidery, and produced many in this period.

Today's Sichuan embroidery seems to have restored her daughter's true colors, and it is difficult to see male embroidery workers again. There is a saying in Zhang Liang's "Embroidery Fu": Seek ingenuity in creation, fix decoration on everything ... Look at the shadow and be self-righteous, look at the mirror and feel sorry for yourself, and decorate the clothes brilliantly ... To express the skill, feeling and beauty of embroidery is beyond the description of a non-daughter's work. Without the impression of female workers' embroidery, how can we appreciate the ever-changing boudoir scene of embroidered flowers and birds, and how can we feel the feelings of children wishing to spend the world from a human perspective (the poem "Recalling Embroidery" by Christine Mountain in Qing Dynasty)? The embroidery workshop of Sichuan embroidery and Shu embroidery is far from the emotional appeal of Miss Xiulou in the past, nor is it lazy embroidery. Shu embroidery, as an ancient craft, is favored by the east and the west for its unique craft (such as Shuang Mianxiu, three different embroideries, different colors and different sides of needles) and patterns with local characteristics (such as lotus carp, bamboo pheasant, landscape panda, flower and bird figures, etc.). ). It can be purchased as a commodity and can be used as a handicraft to contain and inherit folk culture.

After entering the new century, with the rapid development of science and technology, computer embroidery flooded the market. Computer embroidery patterns can be seen everywhere on people's bodies and bags, which is both economical and beautiful. Who takes the time and effort to get a Shu embroidery pattern on his body? In addition, the old Shu embroidery artists are not good at making eyes, and young girls are unwilling to learn and have no patience to wait and die. Therefore, Sichuan, as a national folk art treasure, is facing the situation of loss and extinction.

20 15 The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine approved six Sichuan embroidery workshops in Chengdu to use special marks for geographical indication products. 20 13 Sichuan Chengdu Quality Inspection Institute set up a testing center for Shu embroidery in Anjing Town, Pixian County, the hometown of Shu embroidery. Shu embroidery product quality inspection center, Sichuan Shu embroidery vocational skills training center, Chengdu Vocational Appraisal Center Shu embroidery sub-center and Tianfu Shu embroidery cultural and creative industrial park were established in Anjing Town, Pixian County, Chengdu. Six workshops led by Shu Embroidery Industry Chamber of Commerce of Pixian Federation of Industry and Commerce have also been established. On June 5th, 2007, the Ministry of Culture confirmed Hao Shuping of Chengdu, Sichuan as the representative inheritor of this cultural heritage project, which was included in the list of 226 representative inheritors of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects. Hao Shuping and Kang Ning are listed as national inheritors of Shu embroidery. Chongqing municipal inheritors include Lee Sang Woo, Hu Huiqin, Li Shulan and Huang Min. On 20 14, Yang, Yi, Tao Xiaofeng and Yi Min became the municipal inheritors of Shu embroidery.

Corning created double-sided irregular colorful embroidery. His double-sided colorful embroidery "Mystery" won the gold medal of "2004 China Folk Art Hundred Stories" (China Folk Writers and Artists Association).

Hao Shuping focuses on cultivating young inheritors among a group of students, and the number of apprentices has reached 38. Today, there are more than 65,438+00 studios and companies specializing in Shu embroidery in Chengdu, with more than 2,000 employees.