Primary, Secondary and University Education in Malaysia

Malaysia attaches great importance to national education, which is governed by the federal government. The education system designed by the National Government includes: non-compulsory kindergarten education, six-year compulsory primary education and five-year compulsory secondary education. According to Malaysian law, if parents refuse to let their children receive six-year compulsory primary education, they may be prosecuted by the Ministry of Education for child abuse. By the end of 20 19, there were 7,773 public primary schools and 2,438 public secondary schools in Malaysia.

Primary schools in Malaysia

There are two types of ethnic primary schools in Malaysia, namely, national primary schools and ethnic primary schools. Ethnic primary schools are divided into ethnic Chinese primary schools and ethnic Tamil primary schools, with Chinese or Tamil as the teaching language respectively. In primary schools, all subjects except English are taught in Malay. There are also some private primary schools in Malaysia, the number of which is small, but it has shown an increasing trend in recent years. Malaysia's primary schools have a six-year academic system, and primary school students must take the six-year entrance examination before entering middle school. In order to strengthen students' advanced thinking ability (KBAT), the Malaysian Ministry of Education has also improved the examination form many times. In the sixth grade examination of primary school, candidates who fail Malay must attend a one-year preparatory class before entering middle school.

Middle schools in Malaysia

Secondary education in Malaysia lasts for five years. Among them, junior high school is referred to as junior high school or "SMK" for short, with Malay as the main teaching language, except languages other than Malay. In addition, there are 8 1 national Chinese middle schools in Malaysia, referred to as Huazhong or "SMJK" for short, also known as restructured middle schools. Most of the students in this kind of middle school are graduates of the national Chinese primary school, so most of the students come from Chinese. There are differences in running schools between Central China and junior high schools, among which Central China clearly stipulates that the post of principal should be held by Chinese, and most of the weekly Chinese classes in Central China are 160-200 minutes.

In some areas with high Chinese population density, such as Penang, some Chinese classes in Central China are as high as 270-300 minutes per week. In contrast, most junior high schools don't have Chinese classes, and even if they do, they are mostly arranged after school. Students who choose to apply for Chinese must stay in class after school. However, junior high schools with a large number of Chinese will put Chinese classes in the regular curriculum, but the class hours are only 120 minutes. In the third year of middle school, students will apply to take the junior high school exam, which is called "PMR". However, on 20 14, this examination was cancelled and changed to the third form examination without multiple-choice questions, referred to as "PT3" for short.

Secondary school students will take the Malaysian Diploma in Education (SPM) exam in Secondary Five before graduation. This is equivalent to the ordinary or' O' level examination in the former British colonial era. The Malaysian government decided to give up the use of English in mathematics and science teaching and return to Malay from 20 12, but students can still answer math and science papers in English during the exam. However, under the Bilingual Teaching Curriculum Plan for Primary and Secondary Schools (DLP), some middle schools, including all national Chinese middle schools, still use English to teach mathematics and science.

There are about 60 independent Chinese middle schools in Malaysia, mainly sponsored by Chinese, such as Johor Bahru Middle School and Juju Chinese Middle School. The operation of independent secondary schools is the responsibility of the Chinese School Directors Association and the Chinese School Teachers Association (collectively referred to as Dong Jiaozong), that is, the Malaysian Chinese School Directors Association.

University education in Malaysia

Before the introduction of the pre-university curriculum system, students who want to enter Malaysian government public universities must complete an extra 65,438+08 months of sixth form education and take the Malaysian Diploma in Higher Education Examination ("STPM"), which is equivalent to the British advanced level or general education certificate. From 65438 to 0999, the Malaysian government began to introduce pre-university courses, making them an alternative course for Form VI. Students who have completed the 10 month course in the university preparatory class can enroll in local universities in Malaysia. However, only 65,438+00% places in pre-university classes are reserved for non-indigenous and non-Malay students.

There are 20 national institutions of higher learning in Malaysia, including University of Malaya, Malaysia University of Science and Technology and National University of Malaysia. In recent years, private institutions of higher learning (such as Raman University and Raman University College) have flourished, with more than 662 private institutions, including 6 foreign university branches. In 2003, there were 290,500 university students in Malaysia. There are more than 470 public libraries in Malaysia, with a collection of about 1 1.3 million volumes.

finally

Primary and secondary education provided by the Malaysian government is free. In 2003 and 2004, the education expenditure was about1903.3 billion ringgit and 2151700 million ringgit respectively, and the education budget in 2005 was 23 1 100 billion ringgit. In 2003, the enrollment rate of primary school-age children was 98.5%, and the literacy rate of the population above 10 was 95%. The teacher-student ratio of the school is about one teacher for every 18 Malaysian primary school students and one teacher for every 16 middle school students.