Hometown Images in Ancient Poetry

Image of "willow"

The words "1", "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, which often means parting. "Where to wake up tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiaofeng Canyue. " Three sentences tell Liu Yong's nostalgia for his lover.

2. "Willow" is planted in front of eaves and behind houses, and is often used as a symbol of hometown. "A tall building in Wan Li is like Tingzhou." Expressed Xu Hun's infinite concern for his hometown.

3, "Liu" floc is erratic and often used as a relief. "Excuse me, how much leisure, Yichuan tobacco, town wind. It rains when the plums are yellow. " A few words vividly illustrate the depth of Zhu He's sadness at this time.

4. Liu: Farewell, nostalgia, sadness at the beauty of spring. Folding willows: a farewell custom in Han Dynasty. After the implication, there is a meaning of farewell and nostalgia. Willow: Sadness. Willows pile up smoke: it can trigger the past, and is often used to express the feeling of ups and downs.

Red leaves: it is called the thing that conveys feelings, and later refers to poetry to convey feelings.

Yellow leaves: wither, mature, wither and metabolize.

Green leaves: vitality, hope and vitality.

Bamboo: Honest and positive.

Pine and cypress: firm, proud, strong and full of vitality.

Pine tree: Pine tree is a model of fighting frost and snow, and it is naturally the object of praise. Li Bai's "Book for Huang Shang": "I hope you are loose, but be careful not to be peaches and plums." Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person. Serina Liu in the Three Kingdoms gave his younger brother: "Don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as loyal as sending pines and cypresses, and to maintain noble quality under any circumstances.

The image of phoenix tree

Indus River: The Indus River is a symbol of desolation, bitterness and sadness.

Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn: "The phoenix tree in Jinjing is yellow in autumn leaves, and the pearl curtain does not roll frost at night. The smoked jade pillow has no color, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time. " It is about a girl who is deprived of youth, freedom and happiness. In a desolate and lonely palace, she lay alone, listening to the palace leak. The first sentence of the poem begins with a phoenix tree with yellow leaves by the well, which sets off a bleak and cold atmosphere.

Xu Zaisi, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote Double Narcissus. Rain at Night: "A sound of Ye Qiu, a little banana and a little sorrow, the third night after the dream." Use buttonwood leaves to fall, rain to hit banana, and write down all your worries.

Others, such as "One leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps drip to the light" (Tang Wen and Ting Yun's "More Leaky"), "The phoenix tree is raining even more until dusk" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice") and so on.

Flowers and plants:

Bloom: Hope, youth, the brilliance of life.

Flowers fall: withered and frustrated; Setbacks in life and career; Cherish spring; Nostalgia and nostalgia for beautiful things.

Peach blossom: a symbol of beauty?

Lan: Gao Jie.

Peony: Richness? Beautiful?

Grass: Strong vitality? Endless, hopeful, desolate, distant, hateful, humble position.

Xiaomi: The sadness of leaving (the rise and fall of the country in the past).

Three friends (pine, bamboo and plum) and chrysanthemums symbolize people's noble character.

Red bean:: that is, acacia bean, refers to the token of love between men and women, and is a metaphor for love or friendship between men and women. From Wang Wei's poem "Acacia": "When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches, and I advise you to collect more as a symbol of our love." The poet expressed his affection for his friends through red beans born in the south.

Chrysanthemum: quiet, noble and refined.

Chrysanthemum: Although chrysanthemum can't be compared with peony or orchid, as the flower of Ao Shuang, it has always been favored by literati. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its lofty temperament.

Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drinking Mulan Dew in the morning and eating Qiuju in the evening are not beautiful." The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers.

Tang Yuanzhen's Chrysanthemum: "Autumn bushes are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred in flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character.

Others "would rather burn incense on a branch and die than blow it into a hundred flowers." (Zheng Song Xiao Si's "Cold Chrysanthemum") "The dew is wet in the lonely east, and the golden enamel is taken before." Fan Chengda, a poet in the Song Dynasty, used chrysanthemums to express the poet's spiritual quality in his poems such as "Two Chrysanthemums after Double Ninth Festival", and the chrysanthemums here undoubtedly became a portrayal of the poet's personality.

Plum and plum image

May: I am proud of Snow White, strong, indomitable and in adversity.

Plum Blossom: Plum Blossom blooms first, and then blooms. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, are admired and praised by poets.

"Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "A flower changes suddenly first, and ten thousand flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself.

Wang Anshi's plum blossom: "It's not snow when you know it from afar, because it has a delicate fragrance." The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness.

Lu You's famous sentence "Yongmei": "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only fragrance remains." Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow.

"Mo Mei" by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty: "Don't boast of its lewdness, just leave the air fresh and dry." It is also the plum blossom that shows that it is unwilling to go with the flow, shallow and profound.

In addition, there is a metaphor for the girl's nostalgia for plum maturity, such as "looking back at the door, but smelling plum fragrance." (Li Qingzhao's Little Crimson Lips)

The image of lotus

Lotus: Because "lotus" and "cherish" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love.

For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "clear". There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love.

Thirty-five songs in Jin's "Forty-two Midnight Songs": "The fog reveals the lotus, but the lotus is unclear." The dew in the fog hides the true face of the lotus, but the lotus leaf is not very clear. This is also a way of homophonic pun, writing about a woman who vaguely feels that the man loves her.

Lilac: refers to melancholy thoughts or complex, such as "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie." (Tang Niuqiao's Thanksgiving) and so on.

Animals:

Ape: Sorrow and biting. Du Fu climbed the mountain, and the apes whimpered in the wide wind.

H: Ideal and pursuit.

Fish: Free.

Eagle: Perseverance, freedom, struggle in life and success in career.

Dogs and chickens: life breath, rural life.

Horse: Pentium, pursuit, vagrancy.

Crow: a villain, a vulgar person, a sad person.

Sha Ou: It's sad to leave.

Bird: It symbolizes freedom.

Soup bass: refers to the hometown flavor. Later, literati used "blowing" and "blowing thinking" to describe homesickness. Double carp: refers to letters. Han Yuefu's poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" said: "Guests come from afar and leave me a pair of carp. Hu Er cooks carp with books in it. " Later, I wrote a distant letter with double carp.

Zhuang Zhou Mengdie: The language comes from Zhuangzi's "On Everything": "In the past, Zhuang Zhou Mengdie was a butterfly, lifelike. I don't know what day it is. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I didn't know that Zhou's dream was Hu (butterfly), and the dream of butterfly and Hu (butterfly) was Zhou and Hu (butterfly), so there must be points. This is called materialization. " Zhuangzi used this to illustrate the idea that all things are one and all things are equal. Later, scholars used it to instruct people's confused dreams and fickle things. For example, Lu You's poem "Winter Night" said: "A cup of poppy is a slave, and the butterflies in Zhuang Zhou are both empty."

The image of goose

Goose: Loneliness, homesickness, homesickness, tidings and news.

Hongyan: Letters-Missing of Relatives.

Hongyan: Hongyan is a large migratory bird. Every autumn, it moves south, which often leads to homesickness and sadness for travelers.

For example, Xue Daoheng, a native of the Sui Dynasty, wrote: "People return to yan zhen and think before spending." Long before bloom, I had the idea of going home, but when the geese had returned to the north, people had not yet returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasties, he sent envoys to the Southern Dynasties and wrote this homesick poem, which was subtle and tactful.

There are also thoughts written by geese. "I heard that geese miss each other at night, and it is also uncomfortable for the New Year." (Ouyang Xiu's "The Play Answers Yuan Zhen") "The number of broken stars is few, and it depends on the building." ("Looking at Autumn in Chang 'an" Zhao Kuangyin in Tang Dynasty) "Bitan Lake is cold, Hongyan is sad and red dragonfly is windy." (The Moon in the Boat by Dai Fugu in the Song Dynasty).

There are also letters referred to by Hongyan. Everyone is familiar with the allusions of Hongyan biography, and the application of Hongyan as a messenger in poetry is also very common. For example, "the geese never answer me, and there are many rivers and autumn waters." (Du Fu's "To Li Bai at the End of the Sky"), "Shuo Yan passed a book, and Xiang Yu was in tears." (Li Shangyin's Lisi).

Rhododendron image

In the ancient cuckoo myth, Du Yu (Wang Di), the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo. Therefore, the cuckoo in ancient poetry has become a symbol of desolation and sadness.

Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left, and Long Biaoyao had this letter": "Huayang fell to the ground and Wendao Longdu crossed five streams. I am worried about the bright moon, and I will go to Yelangxi with the wind. " The cuckoo is a kind of bird. The first sentence is the scene of eyes, which conveys the feeling of parting and sadness in the bleak natural scenery. Three or four sentences express infinite nostalgia and deep sympathy for friends with the rich imagination of caring for the bright moon.

He Zuoxiu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Memory: "In the middle of the night, the atrium just shines with pear flowers and snow, and the cuckoo cries sadly and cries blood." In the middle of the night, the moonlight shines on the snow-white pear flowers in the courtyard, and the cuckoo is mourning, which makes people miss their loved ones more and feel sad. Poets express their deep homesickness by describing sad scenery.

Others, such as "lonely pavilion in spring, cuckoo sunset." (off "Walking on the Sand") "Zi Gui still cries blood in the middle of the night. If you don't believe the east wind, you can't call it back." ("Wang Song Ling's" Seeing the Spring ") and so on. They all use cuckoo's whine to express their sadness, desolation or homesickness.

The image of partridge bird

The image of partridge also has a specific connotation in ancient poetry. The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of parting.

For example, "the sun is shining in autumn, the grass is blooming, and the partridges are crying far away." (Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo Smells Partridges" in the Tang Dynasty) "The river is worried at night and the mountains are deep." (Xin Qiji, "Bodhisattva Man? The partridge in the poem is not a bird in a purely objective sense.

The image of cicada

Cicada: Cicada will not live long after autumn. After some autumn rains, cicadas will make a few intermittent moans, and their lives are at stake. Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness.

For example, Dondero's "Chanting Cicada" begins with two sentences: "The cicadas in the west are singing, and the guests in the south are thinking deeply." [Journey to the West: Autumn] Singing in a chilling voice exaggerates his deep homesickness in prison.

The opening of Lin Yuling by Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, is that "cold and sad" is full of readers' hearts and creates an atmosphere that can touch the feelings of parting.

"The chilling sound is by my side." In The Romance of Three Kingdoms, Cao Zhi's poems such as White Horse Going to Wang Biao also express this feeling.

Yuanyang image

Yuanyang refers to loving couples, such as "I succeeded, why should I quit my life?" I would rather be a mandarin duck than a fairy. " (Tang Lu Zhao Lin Gu Yi Chang 'an).

Yan image

Yan is a migratory bird, which migrates with the change of seasons and likes to enter and leave people's houses or eaves in pairs. Therefore, it is favored by the ancients and often appears in ancient poetry, or cherishes spring and hurts autumn, or exaggerates sadness, or reposes lovesickness, or is sentimental about current events, with rich images and expressive expressions, which are far behind other things.

Swallows become a symbol of love because they fly together. For example, "the fallen flower is independent, and the micro-swift flies." It shows the poet's sad and melancholy mood after waking up from his dream, and his love for the object of admiration.

2. The habit of swallows clinging to their nests has become the sustenance of classical poetry to express current events and personnel metabolism. "In the old society, Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people." It not only implied the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past, but also revealed the poet's infinite feelings in the face of changes in the past and the present.

(1) shows the beauty of spring and conveys the feeling of cherishing spring. According to legend, swallows come to the north in spring and return to the south in autumn, so many poets beautify and praise it as a symbol of spring.

For example, "hidden in the mist of flowers, Yan Yan's new milk." (Wei's "On Friends in Jingshi") "Swallows come to the news agency, and pear blossoms are behind Qingming." (Yan Shu's "Broken Array"), "Yingying Yan Yanchun, Liu Hua Pearl Krabs, everything is rhyme." (Georgie, "Clear sand? That is, ")" birds crow and trees grow, and swallows hold willow flowers. (Zhang Kejiu's "It's late spring for people to lean on the fence"), Shi Dazu, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, even wrote in "Yan Yong Shuang Shuang Yan": "It's still difficult to discuss. Floating quickly blows the flower tip, and the green tail is separated from the red shadow. " Very well studied, the shape is very similar to that of God. The spring is bright, the swallows are petite and lovely, and the literati are affectionate. When spring passes, the poet will feel infinite sadness. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu has the idea of "going to tourists, only feeling empty in spring". Hanging down the curtain, Shuang Yan returned to the drizzle. "("picking mulberry seeds ") lamented that Qiao Ji had" whose name is Yan Zangchun? " Yinger is ashamed to find a companion, too cold to report to the official, and she is hungry. " (Water Fairy).

(2) show the beauty of love and convey the desire for a lover.

Swallows have males and females, flying together, thus becoming a symbol of love. "Thinking of flying in pairs, holding mud in the nest" and "Yaner is newly married, like brothers." ("The Book of Songs Gu Feng") "Yan Yan flies, his feathers are different, and his son returns to the wild." (The Book of Songs Swallow Swallow) It is because of this pair of swallows that lovers are eager to fly with me. Only "dark cobwebs hang, empty beams fall into the mud." (Xue Daoheng's "Yesterday's Salt") Loneliness, with "falling flowers are independent, swift flies." (Yan Dao Ji's "Linjiang Xian"), with "Roman is light and cold, and swallows fly away." ("Banquet Broken Array") Lonely and desolate, there is a saying that "the moon is first served with goose yellow willows, and the swallows return to Yulou first." (Zhou Deqing's "Happy Spring") Frustrated and left out in the cold, with "bloom's flowers fall far away, jade cuts the spring, and Dongfeng Caotang flies." "(Zhang Kejiu's" Qing Jiang Yin ") nostalgia. All these, to name a few.

(3) Express the changes of current events, and express the feelings and indignation over the ups and downs of the past, the metabolism of personnel, the extinction of the country and the destruction of the family.

Swallows leave in autumn and come in spring, never forgetting their old nests. The poet seized this feature and gave vent to his indignation. The most famous is Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Xiang": "The Suzaku Bridge is overgrown with weeds, and the sun sets in Wuyi Xiangkou. In the old society, Xie Wang Tang flew into the homes of ordinary people. " In addition, there is a special banquet, "I can't help but spend it, and I feel deja vu, and the small garden is alone." ("Huanxisha"), Li "Swallows come back to embroider curtains, and their nests are nowhere to be found." (Former Residence of Huai Jin Gate), Jiang Kui's Yan Yan unintentionally went to the west bank of Taihu Lake with the clouds. Several peaks are bitter, and yellow rain falls in Shang Lue. "(Diancrimson Lips), Zhang Yan's" Swallows knew where the moss was deep and the grass was dark. " ("High Balcony"), Wen Tianxiang's "The scenery of mountains and rivers is the same, and the people in the city go to half. Reed flowers everywhere accompany me to grow old. Who will fly next to the old swallow? "(Jinling Post). Swallow inadvertently witnessed the changes of current events, endured the pain of national destruction and death, and showed the sadness of the poet's "separation". The load can be described as heavy.

(4) Pass the book on behalf of others, and lightly complain about the pain of leaving love.

In the Tang Dynasty, Guo Shaolan's Yanzu poems spread to her husband Renzong. Injong left home for Jiahu and never returned for several years. Shao Lan's poems were written by Yan Zu. Living in Jingzhou at that time, Yan suddenly leaned on his shoulder and saw a book tied to his foot, which explained that it was sent by his wife and returned with tears. His poem "seeing my husband off" said: "My husband went to the heavy lake, and I cried at the window. I am diligent and given to my thin lover by Yan Yi. " Who said, "Yan Ziliang is too heartless." (Cao Xueqin? "A Dream of Red Mansions"), it is because of the goodwill of the swallow that the husband changed his mind and the husband and wife met. Guo Shaolan is lucky. Some unfortunate women borrowed Yan to pass on books, but there was no news. For example, "Sorrow leaves a red line and annoys me" (Zhang Kejiu's Sai Qiu Hong Chun Qing) "Tears lean on the floor, and I often speak alone. Shuang Yan is here, meeting strangers? " (Feng Yansi's Dead Hua Lian), whose sadness and longing for love moved people, and then burst into tears.

(5) Express the feeling of vagrancy and describe the suffering of vagrancy.

"Sacredness, intuition and analogy are the dominant thinking modes of the Han nationality" (Zhang Dainian's China Thinking Bias), flowers, birds, insects and fish are all written by literati, and birds and animals all show the poet's talent. Goose mourns autumn, ape sings clothes, cicada sends high. The uncertainty of swallow's habitat left the poet with rich imagination space, or wandering. "Every year is like a new swallow, drifting in the sea, to repair the rafters." Fang Ting, a man from Zhou Bangyan; Or life experiences ups and downs. "Looking at Chang 'an from afar, the future is full of spots, and it is difficult for the north and the south." (Zhang Kejiu's "In front of the Temple"), or a brief encounter, "just like the social butterfly Swallow and Hong Fei, they will send each other when they meet unsteadily." (Su Shi's Send Chen to Tanzhou). Swallow is no longer just a swallow, it has become a symbol of China's traditional culture, and has been integrated into the blood of every Chinese descendant.

Natural class:

The image of "water"

1. Because of the softness and coldness of water, water is often compared to something that can be seen and touched but difficult to grasp, such as moonlight.

Such as: "It's cool like water at night, sitting and watching the morning glory and Vega." It reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times from the side.

2. Because of the constant shearing and softness of water, water is often used as a metaphor for sadness.

For example, Li Bai's "But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine." It expresses the anxiety and sadness caused by the poet's strong feeling that the contradiction between reality and ideal is irreconcilable.

The image of the moon

1, the bright moon contains the sadness of border people. For example, "the sand is like snow before it returns to Lefeng, and the moon outside the city is like frost." Sadness and resentment. "The moon was bright in Qin, closed in Han, and the Long March did not return." Tragic.

2. The bright moon contains emotional helplessness. For example, Xie Zhuang said, "Beauty walks in the dust, and there is a bright moon thousands of miles away." Our prayers and blessings. Zhang Jiuling "The moon is in the sky, and the horizon is * * * at this time." Hope and desire.

The bright moon contains the eternity of time and space. "If the ancients were running water today, they would look at the bright moon." The plundering of life by time and the helplessness of life in front of time are all vividly demonstrated.

-From the Internet