What are the factors that affect China's security?

Abstract: National security includes internal and external aspects, which is the unity of internal and external security. The factors that affect, threaten and endanger national security also include internal factors and external factors. As far as China's current national security is concerned, "there are more internal worries than external troubles", and the key to ensuring national security is not external but internal. Building a harmonious society and a new socialist countryside is the fundamental way and means to solve the "internal worries" that threaten China's national security. In addition, we need to fully understand and study national security issues, establish a systematic security concept that can integrate both internal and external aspects, formulate a real national security law and a complete written national security strategy that includes both internal and external aspects, set up an authoritative organization that can lead and manage national security affairs from both internal and external aspects, and build a national security theory and discipline that can take into account both internal and external aspects.

Keywords: national security; Domestic security; International security; System security concept; National security science

I internal and external: two aspects of national security

Although the issue of national security has included both domestic and foreign aspects since ancient times, it has been paid attention to by scholars as a theory and systematically studied in the field of international relations or international politics. For a long period of time, most scholars, especially researchers on international issues, always regarded national security as an integral part of international issues, ignoring or belittling its domestic relevance. In recent years, when people emphasize all-round understanding and research on national security issues, the domestic perspective of national security has begun to receive special attention, and the transformation from "outside to inside" has even become one of the important features of non-traditional security concepts.

In the past, we used to divide national security into national security, homeland security, economic security, sovereign security, political security, military security, cultural security, scientific and technological security, ecological security, information security and so on 10, and finally called it 10 components of national security. [1][2] Now we need to further point out that the basis of this division can be roughly said to be based on social structure. At the same time, we are increasingly aware that even under the division of "social structure", there can be other divisions. For example, some people regard social security as an independent part of national security. [3]6403 Some people divide national security into "internal" and "external" aspects. In the process of establishing the discipline of national security, we have made a comprehensive analysis of the national security system, and think that the overall national security system can be divided into four aspects: first, national security itself and its constituent elements; Second, the factors affecting national security; Third, the factors that endanger national security; The fourth is the national security system. In this national security system, we can see: 1. National security itself includes national security, homeland security, economic security and other elements 10; 2. The factors affecting national security are divided into natural and human factors, among which human factors are divided into internal and external factors; 3. The factors endangering national security are also divided into natural (natural disasters) and man-made (man-made disasters), among which man-made disasters are divided into "internal worries" (internal causes) and "external causes" (external causes); 4. The national security system is divided into two aspects: security mechanism and security activities. The security mechanism includes hardware mainly composed of military and political institutions, intelligence departments and other full-time organs, as well as software with laws, regulations, policies and security strategies, while security activities are divided into activities based on hard means and activities based on soft means. Because this system is not built according to the division of domestic security and international security, the position of domestic security in it is obvious in some aspects, but not in others. For example, in the factors that affect and endanger national security, internal factors and external factors are clearly distinguished, while in the elements of national security itself and national security guarantee system, internal factors and external factors are not distinguished.