What is the whole process of oil extraction?

Oil extraction methods are self-injection oil extraction and mechanical oil extraction, self-injection oil extraction is due to the high pressure of the underground oil-bearing layer, by its own pressure can make the crude oil from the mouth of the well spraying oil extraction methods. Mechanical oil extraction is the use of various types of pumps to pump crude oil from the well, at present, China's oil extraction is mainly mechanical oil extraction. Different geological conditions of different oil properties using different mechanical extraction methods. For viscosity less than 50 millipascal . Seconds, density less than 0.934 crude oil (known as thin oil), generally with conventional mining. For viscosities greater than 50 millipascals . Seconds, density greater than 0.934 crude oil (known as thick oil), generally with thermal oil extraction, that is, the use of hot steam throughput, mixed with dilute oil and associated heat extraction method.

Taking the Liaohe oilfield as an example, the cold climate characterizes the northern winter. In addition to a part of thin oil, most of the oil quality is thick oil and extra thick oil, due to the heavy composition of crude oil, viscosity, relative density, in the reservoir conditions of crude oil almost can not flow, can not be extracted by conventional methods, to the production and the environment has brought a series of problems. Our oilfield adopts thermal oil extraction, dilution and emulsification to reduce viscosity. Dilution extraction: a certain amount of dilute oil with small viscosity is added to the thick oil to reduce the viscosity. Thermal oil extraction: steam throughput, steam drive, is to inject high-temperature and high-pressure steam into the oil reservoir, heating the crude oil in the oil reservoir, so that the crude oil is elevated, the viscosity of the crude oil is lowered, increasing the fluidity of the crude oil, and promoting the flow of crude oil in the oil reservoir to the production wells. In addition to injecting steam to the oil layer heating, the steam becomes hot water flow, replacement of crude oil stagnant voids in the oil layer. When the crude oil is heated by the injected steam, the light components will be vaporized and the hydrocarbon volume expansion will also push the crude oil to the production well. Emulsification viscosity reduction: This involves mixing an aqueous solution containing a surfactant into the thick oil and forming a hydrophilic wetting surface on the surface of the tubing and pumping pipe. It greatly reduces the resistance when the oil flows and enables the oil to be extracted normally.