How many ways of thinking_Categorization of thinking styles

The fundamental way of thinking, including linear thinking and non-linear thinking two types. Formal logic is a linear way of thinking, and symmetric logic is a non-linear way of thinking. Here are a few ways of thinking that I hope will help you!

What kinds of ways of thinking

From the developmental point of view, thinking is divided into: intuitive action thinking, image thinking, abstract logical thinking, discursive thinking and so on. Thinking can be considered the following pairs: intuitive thinking and analytical thinking, scattered thinking and convergent thinking, habitual thinking and creative thinking and so on. As the name suggests, some of the names of thinking are consistent with the understanding of life and are well understood. Intuitive action thinking is mainly said to be around the age of three Children , not to be specific, but note that there is a difference with intuitive thinking. Thoughtfulness of thinking takes into account analytical thinking and spoked thinking. Expression takes into account intuitive and creative thinking. The ability to memorize is related to thinking, but the relationship is not obvious and plays an important role mainly in the early stages of memorization. In the later stages of memorization, it is easy to be influenced by habitual thinking for series of materials (e.g., organized entries, word lists, etc.). Specifically it is better to look for books on related aspects of psychology. Theoretical books such as Modern Psychology (by Chun-Hsing Chang, Taiwan) are very popular, and more application-level books (such as those that only talk about the application of thinking) are easier to read.

7 ways of thinking that can make a real difference

The biggest difference between people is the way they think.

In the face of the same world, the same problem, you and I think from different angles, take a different response, the final result, but also very different.

French sociologist Toledo once said:

"To judge whether a person's intelligence belongs to the top, to see whether his brain can accommodate two different ideas at the same time, without hindering its behavior in the world."

Anyone who is at the top of the wealth tower, such as Charlie Munger, Warren Buffett, and Soros, has a **** same characteristic in their thinking - a wide scanning radius and an infinite sweeping depth.

Their brain is like a drawer, encountering different problems, will extract different thinking tools, such as math, physics, psychology, engineering, economics and so on. The world to them is an organic composition of multiple systems.

How to be a smart person?

In my opinion, the most effective way is to build a diversified thinking model, and to further enhance one's metacognitive ability by learning how masters in different fields think.

Here are 7 ways of thinking:

An example:

1, cost thinking

You are chopping wood, he is a goat herder, you talk to him all day, his goats are full, where is your firewood? The one who cuts wood can't afford to accompany the one who herds sheep...

--Please give up your ineffective socialization

Opportunity cost, sunk cost, and marginal cost, these are the 3 most frequently mentioned cost elements in microeconomics. The most expensive thing in life is not money, but time, which is the most valuable wealth resource for each of us.

The future is unpredictable, we can not decide the amount of time, but can grasp the quality of their time investment.

If we want to utilize our time more effectively, we will have to have a "cost mindset" to achieve stable and sustainable growth.

2, strategic thinking

The woodcutter chatted with the goat herder for a day, and on the surface he gained nothing, but the woodcutter chatted with the goat herder and learned which mountain had more firewood, which mountain had a good road, which mountain was full of thorns, and the next day gained a lot of money and went home.

- - Communication is very important ... find the right person to chat less important

Sun Tzu said: "good game player seeks the situation, not good game player seeks the son."

This sentence is to say, the person who will play chess will always consider the overall situation, and will not play chess people will only focus on the loss of a son.

What is strategy? How to effectively develop and implement a strategy? The questions may seem vague, but they actually affect our life choices, big and small.

This way of thinking is what we call "strategic thinking" when we think about individuals in a holistic way, and when we think about what we want to do.

3, financial thinking

You are chopping wood, he is a sheep herder, you and he talked for a day, he decided to exchange his sheep with your firewood, so you have sheep, he also has firewood.

-- Equivalent exchange, do not look down on anyone, I was born to be useful

Mastering the "financial thinking" can facilitate us to understand more about the operating principles behind the value, so as to prompt you to correctly enhance the self-worth, to realize the precise efforts. The first is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what is going on in the world.

4, fool thinking

You are chopping wood, he is sheep, you and he talked to the day, such as you learned sheep skills, the original sheep is so put, he learned to chop wood skills, the original wood to cut this way.

-- three must be my teacher, always keep the state of the empty cup

That is, think differently, simple four words, why do so few people? This is because the experience and knowledge we have accumulated over the years has instinctively led us into our own internal perspective.

In other words, we are more concerned about our own feelings than those of others.

On the other hand, in life and in the workplace, the true masters have the ability to instantly become "fools".

For example, Zhang Xiaolong once said in a sharing:

The reason why Steve Jobs is great is that he can become a fool in one second. Ma Huateng needs 1 minute, and I almost need 5~10 minutes of brewing.

The "stupid" here is not really stupid, but an ability to switch perspectives at any time, anywhere. The so-called "fool's mind", it is a kind of empty cup mentality, but also a kind of insight ability to jump out of the self-perspective at any time and place.

5, exponential thinking

Why two people with the same starting point and conditions, the final achievement will be different?

The above question can be answered with the words of Lei Jun:

"A person can do something, in fact, the essence does not lie in how strong you are, but you have to go along with the trend, and push a thousand pounds of stone on top of ten thousand feet."

In other words, some people's growth is linear, while some people's growth is exponential.

The former growth has considerable limitations, because relying solely on personal or organizational efforts, sooner or later will meet the ceiling;

while the exponential growth is explosive, because it leverages the trend of the dividend, will pull you to drag you to their own unimaginable distance.

This is very simple, but a person who wants to get exponential growth, first of all, we need to change a kind of thinking - that is, to find the probability in the general direction of the determination.

In layman's terms, this means "go with the flow".

6, transplantation thinking

It is said that in the age of intelligence, in order to avoid being eliminated by the sudden changes, you must have a "transplantation thinking", you can also call it "relocatable ability".

What is portability?

As an analogy, it is the ability to move from one position to another, or from one industry to another, and then reuse it.

80% of the core competencies in the industries we choose to work in are inherently similar. To develop this kind of transferable competencies, you need to think through 3 questions:

01. What is the value chain of your industry?02. Where are you in this chain?03. What competencies are needed in this value chain?

In addition, in this intelligent era, no matter what you are engaged in the work, it will require you to continue to cultivate their other two sense of smell, that is, the ability to grasp the demand, the ability to productize the demand.

For example:

In the current discussion of the "comfort zone", author Alan Chua interacted with his fans on Weibo a few days ago:

A fan asked her: "Hello!

A fan asked her: "Hello! The author asked her how to get out of her comfort zone. The fan said: everyone is not so say? Stay in your comfort zone, sooner or later will be abandoned by society. Cai Lan listened to a smile, said lightly: to demonize their own achievements and habits, really is the sadness of this era.

The so-called out of the "comfort zone", your "jump out" is mostly "jumping out of the pit", blindly jump out of the comfort zone, which is not self-discipline but self-abuse. If you are not sure about the future, and can't get a definite answer, it is recommended that you stay in the current comfort zone for fine-tuning, and accurately match your core competencies with what the industry needs.

7, positive thinking

seek the situation but the hearts of the people, the world is not human nature. Mindset determines life, perspective determines value.

We think in this world, into things, are dealing with strange human nature. The times are changing, but human nature remains the same.

Psychology is closely related to our daily lives. It not only enables us to recognize ourselves, but also to better understand others.

For example,

The current discussion of "chicken soup":

Nowadays, there are two major phenomena in reading articles.

One is: all positive energy, will be deducted chicken soup hat. One is: people who read chicken soup will be despised by others.

Chicken soup, meaning "positive thinking", is to look at anything in life positively.

In fact, a manuscript is worth reading, not because it is not chicken soup, but because it is your life has no reference and reference value. What we want to counter is not the positive thinking angle, but the pseudo-chicken-soup logic that is false and cleverly adorned.

Never give yourself a negative connotation and don't let yourself be in a negative mood.

Six ways of thinking, learn one benefit for life

1

Stainer's Theorem

The right law of communication is to speak less and listen more

Psychologist Stainer suggests that the more a person speaks where he is, the less he hears where he is.

There is a legend from ancient Greece.

A young man asked Socrates to learn how to speak. In order to show how eloquent he was, he spoke a lot without stopping.

Socrates listened in silence and said to him, "It seems that you need to pay two tuitions."

The young man wondered, "Why do you want me to pay double?"

Socrates explains, "Because I need to teach you two things, the first is how to shut up, and the second is how to open your mouth for a speech."

"There is only one way to be a good speaker, and that is to learn to listen to people."

Being too eager to get your point across often misses the advice of others.

In his TED talk, "Five Ways to Make Listening More Effective," sound expert Julian talks about how in our daily lives, we spend 60 percent of our time listening, but only 25 percent of it is actually picked up.

He gave the example of a man who, when he got married, promised his wife that he would listen to her every day, like it was the first time.

"Now , that's something I'm credited for every day."

It's easy to express your opinion, it's hard to listen intently to someone else.

Studies have shown that only 20% of people who actually communicate are able to listen without subjective or objective interference.

And every time you listen to someone, it's a "bait and switch".

Successful communication often depends on accurately grasping the views of others. American psychologist P.F. Goode proposed this law, which perfectly illustrates the importance of listening.

2

Avoid the ostrich syndrome

Not making excuses is the first step to correcting a mistake

Not interested, it's useless to do it, I don't get it ......

Always looking for objective factors to put the blame on when things go wrong is a person's Achilles heel.

There is such a small story.

Someone asked the farmer: "Did you plant the wheat?"

The farmer replied, "Not yet, I'm afraid it's going to rain."

The man then asked, "Have you planted cotton?"

The farmer: "No, I'm worried about bugs eating the cotton."

The man also asked, "And what exactly did you plant?"

Farmer: "I didn't plant anything, it's safest that way."

Social psychology explains that people are always trying to rationalize their behavior, with the intention of finding explanations for their every action to shirk responsibility, so as to preserve their self-esteem, or reduce their anxiety, which is a psychological defense mechanism.

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Subconsciously, everyone believes that their self-worth is always right. And in order to realize the correctness of this point of view, the person is always self-convinced and self-hypnotized -

"Smoking is bad for health, why don't you quit?"

"What my brother smokes is not cigarettes, it's loneliness."

"Why are you late?"

"Because my mom yelled at me to get up later than before."

It's as if an ostrich, in danger, buries its head in a sandpit, out of sight, and thinks it's safe.

Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, looking at the pattern of wealth and earnings of the British in the 10th century, found that in any group of things, the part that plays a decisive role always stays at the proportion of 20%, and the remaining 80% is relatively not so important.

Problems arise, and in most cases, only 20% of people will face them correctly and take the initiative.

In the long run, like the Matthew effect, those who are brave will make more progress, and those who push back will just stay put.

This is also the biggest difference between ordinary people and successful people: when facing a problem, is it from the outside world to find the reason or to find the reason themselves.

An excuse that puts you out of the picture is not good for you; it takes you farther and farther away from objectivity.

3

The Anti-Barrel Theory

Enhancing Your Irreplaceability

The Barrel Theory was a big deal for a while: it told people that how much water a barrel could hold depended on the short board. Your weaknesses would determine your height.

But in today's social division of labor, people who are all over the place tend to be sparse.

More than shortcomings, it's your strengths that will really make you stand out.

One of the longest planks of the barrel determines the characteristics and advantages, and becomes the high point in a small area; for the organization, by virtue of its distinctive features, it can jump out of the rules of the game of the large group, and uniquely establish its own kingdom.

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Peter Ferdinand Drucker, the father of modern management, used "feedback analysis" to record his expectations of the results beforehand whenever he made an important decision or took an important action. Peter Ferdinand Drucker, the father of modern management, used "feedback analysis" - whenever an important decision is made or action is taken, he records his expectations of the outcome beforehand, and then compares the actual outcome with his expectations 9 to 12 months later.

From this, he saw the importance of focusing on areas of strength, and he wrote in the Harvard Business Review: "Focus on your strengths, and put yourself in places where you can capitalize on them. One should try to waste as little energy as possible on areas where one is not competent, because it takes much more effort for people to go from incompetence to mediocrity, as opposed to going from first-rate to excellence.

Instead of struggling painfully in areas where you are not good, you should focus all your experience on strengths enhancement.

The term "multi-talented, zero defects" is also the best strategy for a person's competence.

The specialties will be amplified to enhance their irreplaceability, so that they can use "professional thinking" in a certain area to solve the problem, with marginal value to define themselves, in the competition will appear more outstanding.

4

Utilize 5why analysis

Cultivate your curiosity

"Knowledge is a kind of happiness, and curiosity is the germ of knowledge."

A foreign boy made a Tinder video to illustrate the meaning of curiosity:

Curiosity taught me language;

Curiosity took me to see the Leo meteor shower;

Curiosity prompted me to try to build a tower as high as possible, led me to finish my education and learn calculus;

Curiosity can make a person finish a book in one breath, master more more knowledge ......

Curiosity drives one to unlock many, many doors.

"Curiosity creates forward momentum and enjoyment, and keeps us thinking about why we're solving problems."

The "5why analysis" is one way to use curiosity to approach a problem.

5why - ask five consecutive whys in a row about a problem point, gradually pulling out the cocoon to find the essential cause of the problem.

Its proponents have used this theory in automotive problems:

Problem: My car won't start.

Why? The battery is drained (the first why)

Why? Alternator not working properly (second why)

Why? Alternator belt breaks (third why)

Why? Alternator belt far exceeded its useful life and was never replaced (fourth why)

Why? I've never followed the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule for my car (the fifth why, the root cause)

At work, we can also try to solve problems using the 5Why analysis:

Problem: My work isn't done

Why? There is not enough time to complete all the work (the first why)

Why? I didn't prioritize my work (second why)

Why? Misjudging what is important or not (third why)

Why? Failure to develop the right way of thinking (fourth why)

Why? Failure to engage in cognitive updating (or other reasons)

In practice, the number of times can also be extended until the root cause is identified.

5

Refuse to procrastinate

A monkey hiding in the brain

Often heard people say, "Deadline is the first productive force", wasting time on weekdays, and working all night before the deadline.

The final paper was assigned from the beginning of the school year, until halfway through the semester there is still only a title;

Half a year ago to participate in the competition, the work to the deadline on the last day before handing over;

The task assigned last month, do not wait until the last minute by no means to turn in the work

......

This is the life of most people kidnapped by procrastination.

Most people's dissertation schedules

Procrastination, an unnecessary voluntary postponement.

"Unnecessary" means an irrational choice, and "voluntary" means that many people know it's a bad habit and can't get out of it.

Research has shown that 56% of office workers and students, among the causes of procrastination in the Internet age, are distracted by interruptions in their studies or work.

In other words, most people who procrastinate don't give up on their own accord, they have too little self-control.

Tim Urban gave a talk on procrastination.

He argued that the procrastinator's brain has an extra monkey called "just in time".

The monkey interferes with normal decision-making when the brain is rationally following a plan, because the monkey doesn't have a plan, it only cares about "simplicity" and "pleasure".

But procrastination doesn't make people happy. Most people who procrastinate are anxious: even if they don't get anywhere, the psychological tension is hard to dispel.

Zeigarnik, a French psychologist, divided subjects into two groups and asked them to complete 20 tasks, during which he intervened in one group to prevent them from completing the task.

As a result, although both groups showed a state of tension when they were given the tasks, the tension disappeared for those who completed them successfully, and remained for those who failed to complete them.

One side was in a hurry and the other side was slack.

Therefore, overcoming procrastination can relieve anxiety to some extent.

How to get rid of procrastination, the following three points are very important:

First, set small goals for themselves, make a good list of tasks. Break down the tasks that need to be done into small goals, preferably with short-term feedback, so that a huge project becomes less boring.

Second, away from the source of temptation, control the external environment. For the new generation, staying away from cell phones properly might be the first step to overcoming procrastination.

Third, it is easier to satisfy by going from easy to hard. A movie says that people who cut their left fingernails first prefer to do the easy tasks first, and are more likely to be happy and satisfied. So to overcome procrastination, you can also try to start with simple tasks.

6

Disconnected Thinking

Get rid of your unnecessary baggage

In economics, there's a concept called "opportunity cost".

When resources and time are limited, accomplishing one thing means losing the opportunity to do something else.

For example, if you study all night on the eve of an exam, you will lose the opportunity to sleep and become sleepy the next day. Then your all-night revision is actually at the cost of a good night's sleep.

A recent popular short film, "Health, as it should be," shows many alarming figures: 70% of white-collar workers in China are at risk of overwork death, more than 550,000 people die suddenly each year, and more than 120 million people suffer from gastrointestinal diseases.......

These are just the kind of figures that many people neglect to realize the opportunity cost of their own lifestyles. opportunity cost of their lifestyle: their health.

There are only 24 hours in a day, a limited amount of time and often an infinite number of things to do.

The paradox is that prioritizing is essential: putting aside the unimportant and prioritizing what you are good at and what you must do.

In 2004, IBM, known as the "Blue Giant", the PC business has been losing money for years, turning into a slightly heavy burden, and its market strategy and the business is getting farther and farther away.

IBM was faced with an important decision: whether to continue to drag the business, or to abandon the unnecessary burden.

In the end, it chose the latter, and the company's subsequent growth demonstrates the wisdom of that decision.

The disconnect thinking that has been mentioned a lot in the last couple of years is, in the end, necessity thinking.

It requires you to have a process of rapid subtraction when making decisions.

Cut off the things you don't need; give up the excesses; and get rid of the obsession with material things.

For example, when you go home for the holidays, you always think of bringing a lot of things back. The result is that the books are not read, the clothes are not worn, and the things that are brought back are brought back in their original form.

In the workplace, there is also a theory that can be verified - POA power of action, the formula is like this:

This means that, in the case of other indicators remain unchanged, the higher the degree of focus on the goal, the stronger the power of action.

Keep things simple so that the focus is clear.

Some people say that they have heard a lot of axioms, but they still can't live this life well.

But a small shift in the way you think may affect your life.

Just like Haruki Murakami said: today do not want to run, so only to run, this is the way of thinking of long-distance runners.

It is not easy to break the inherent way of thinking, but if you can visualize the abstract way of thinking, everything will be much simpler.