Brief Introduction of Breaking Three Railways

At the beginning of 1992, starting from the reform of Xuzhou state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises set off an upsurge of enterprise labor, salary and personnel system reform centered on "breaking the three railways" (iron rice bowl, iron salary and iron chair). The so-called "three railways" is an image summary of the characteristics of labor, wages and personnel systems of state-owned enterprises under the traditional system in China: the planned fixed labor and employment system has formed an "iron rice bowl"; The unified and rigid wage distribution system has formed an "iron wage"; The qualification and lifelong system of enterprise personnel system have formed an "iron roof". The disadvantages of the "three railways" are mainly manifested in the inability to mobilize the enthusiasm of all employees and make the enterprise full of vitality.