A Brief Introduction to China's Ci and Fu

The usage of "Ci Fu" can be found in Ci Fu of the East-West Jiyuan School: Biography of Xue Deng of the Tang Dynasty: It is a godsend that scholars in the Han Dynasty must come first, and Wei Weixian was the gate of the Jin Dynasty. Ci Fu was a special merchant, trying to recruit people, starting in Chen Liang. In the thirteenth year of Tang Tianbao, he began to try poetry and fu, using Liang Chen's meaning and using ci and fu in imperial examinations, which was also the beginning. The country selects Zongshen's scholars by the method of Confucian classics, and it is perfect to write ci. "China's Ci and Fu are permeated with the basic spirit of China's traditional culture. The soul of this spirit is essentially the national spirit of the Chinese nation, which can be summarized as: rational spirit, free spirit, realistic spirit, contingency spirit and humanistic spirit. " The basic spirit of China traditional culture is "harmony and freedom". (Xu Siyuan: On China Culture, two issues, China Cultural Studies Series 1, published by Fudan University Press. Grammatically, Chinese Cifu consists of "Zhonghua" and "Cifu"-"Zhonghua" is an attribute, but it emphasizes the core nature of the concept in the subject-predicate structure. The Yellow River Valley, known as China in ancient times, was the earliest place where the Han nationality rose, and was later used for reference by China, which just set off the long history of Ci and Fu. Chinese nation: The general name of all ethnic groups in China, including more than 50 ethnic groups. The new edition of Ci Hai on the mainland explains: "The floorboard of all ethnic groups in China. The Grand Dictionary, published by Sanmin Bookstore in Taiwan Province Province, explains: "Ethnic names refer to the collection of ethnic groups that make up China. Therefore, people (Han and ethnic minorities) living on the land of China are collectively referred to as' all ethnic groups in China'.

The "China people" in China's ci include "overseas Chinese". The word "China people" in Ci Hai means "formerly known as aristocratic families". The etymology of "Chinese" comes from overseas Chinese. For example, Singaporeans call Chinese "China people" accordingly. The name "China" appeared in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, which was an era when Ci and Fu flourished. Therefore, China's Ci and Fu is equivalent to a kind of cultural bond, forming a "cultural identity of national Ci and Fu". The expression of Ci and Fu has brought great division to China's articles, that is, the great division between vernacular Chinese and classical Chinese. Fu originates from poetry, which is the product of the fusion of vernacular Chinese and classical Chinese. The Book of Songs is mostly this primitive expression. This expression was replaced by "Ci Fu" in the Warring States and Han Dynasties. Government official documents are ci fu, which may be the source of imperial examinations. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties became "parallel prose"-a large queue of pure Chinese characters with one word, one shape, one sound and one meaning. From the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, from the "ancient prose movement" to the Zeng Guofan era, the ancient writers (classical Chinese) were unified (although the "style of writing" appeared after the Southern Song Dynasty, and the vernacular and classical Chinese began to blend).

Ci Fu is another name for Fu. Fu, an ancient rhyming style, originated in the Warring States period, originated in Sao, flourished in Han Dynasty, and was called Han Fu in the world. The Fu written by Qu Yuan and others in Han Dynasty is called Chu Ci, and later generations generally call Fu-style literature Ci Fu. Cifu, later became the floorboard of poetry, for the following reasons:

Qing Yao Nai's Preface to Ancient Words in China: "Cifu is an elegant variant. The Chu people worked hard for it, but the cover was not unique. I tried to say "Fisherman", "Yi Shuo" by the Chu people and "Ask the King's Legacy" by Song Yu, all of which have no factual basis. Words and fu should have rhyme, but the ancients also had no rhyme. Irony with righteousness is also called fu 'er. The proofreading books of the Han Dynasty have a brief introduction to Ci Fu, which is quite appropriate. "

4. On Style by Wu Zengqi in Qing Dynasty: "Ci Fu is the name of style, Jude theory is another name of language, and quality theory is the word, so there are few words." Therefore, Zuo Zhuan said that the son had written words, and then the style was divided. Every time Zeng's works are entered by those who have no rhyme, and Ci Fu is entered by those who have rhyme, that is, its meaning is also. After the Spring and Autumn Period, only Chu people were best at this style, so it was called Chu Ci. "

[13] Biography of Han Wang Bolie: "Big words and big fu, synonymous with ancient poetry, small arguments and beauty."

4. The History of the Three Kingdoms Wei Zhi Chen Sichuan: "In my teens, I read hundreds of thousands of words of poetry."

⒌ Jin Zuosi's "Ode to an Epic": "The words are accurate and the ci and fu are similar."

[6] Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Sao": "Famous Confucian Ci Fu is about its appearance." "Fu"-Evolution: As a stylistic name, Fu first appeared in Xun Kuang's "Fu Pian" at the end of the Warring States Period and began to be called Fu. In Zuo Zhuan, there are many records about someone writing an article. "Fu" means reciting, not referring to style. There are "six poems" in the so-called "Fu without singing" in Hanshu Yiwenzhi, which is called "six meanings" by Master Zongbo in the Spring and Autumn Period and Preface to Mao's Poems, that is, wind, fu, comparison, glory, elegance and praise. According to Zheng Xuan's annotation, "Fu" means paving the way, that is. The expression of ambition in The Book of Songs has had an influence on the formation of Fu style. Ban Gu's Preface to Two Cities says: "The giver is the stream of ancient poems."

Fu-dating back to Chu Ci. In the mid-Warring States period, Qu Yuan's Li Sao, Jiu Ge and other chapters had not yet been named as Fu Titles. When Liu Xiang and Liu Xin were in charge of secretaries in the Western Han Dynasty, they catalogued Qu Yuan. At first, they were called Qu Yuan Fu and recorded 25 literary and artistic records of Han Shu. At the same time, Song Yufu composed 65,438 poems and Le Tang composed 4 poems.