What were the Confucian ideas that were active during the Ming and Qing dynasties?

Li Zhi, Huang Zongxi and other ideas.

Li Zhi thought:

1, ethical views: against the science: against the science of "the existence of the reason of heaven, remove human desire" proposition, put forward the "reason" in daily life, the orthodox thought issued a bold challenge.

2. Concept of Right and Wrong: Against Blind Adherence to Confucius: Confucius was not a born saint, and the words of the saint could not be used as the standard for judging right and wrong, and the Confucian classics were not the "most important theories for all times".

3. Materialistic view: It is believed that dressing and eating are normal human physics.

Huang Zongxi thought:

1, criticizing monarchical autocracy: the most wonderful part of his thought is that he dared to criticize monarchical autocracy, that "for the world's great harm, the king is just carry on." Representatives of the Mingyi Waiting to Visit Records.

2, advocating the limitation of the power of the monarch: A, put forward the idea of equality between the monarch and the ministers. B, called for the abolition of the monarchical dictatorship of the "law of the family", the establishment of the "law of the world". C, that the school is the supreme institution to determine the rights and wrongs, and even greater than the authority of the monarch, which was influenced by the late Ming Dynasty. C. The view that the school is the highest institution to decide right and wrong, even more than the authority of the monarch, which was influenced by the late Ming Donglin Party, the Fuxia and other schools of the Qing dynasty, the school actually refers to the scholarly class.

3, economic thought: the opposition to the idea of agricultural and commercial thought, that industry and commerce are the basis of the end of the Ming Dynasty is a concrete reflection of the changes in social relations of production.

The background of the times:

Economic reasons: the Ming and Qing dynasties, the development of commodity economy, the emergence and development of the bud of capitalism.

Political reasons: the strengthening of feudal autocracy, the loss of vitality in society, coupled with the political darkness of the Ming Dynasty; Ming and Qing turnover, giving a heavy blow to the Confucian ideological community.

Ideological reasons: the science of reason is in the orthodox position, resulting in ideological confinement.