The influence of Taoist core thought on China's national thinking

Taoist culture is one of the important sources of China's ancient ideology and culture, which has rich accumulation and far-reaching influence on China's traditional culture. Taoism advocates an artificial "natural" ideal beauty and a natural way to generate everything in the world. Its influence on China's traditional painting, literature, way of thinking, law and other aspects occupies an absolute dominant position, even if the expression of China's art is the expression of Taoist art, it is not an exaggeration.

First, the influence of traditional painting in China

Laozi said, "Man should be a teacher of land, land should be a teacher of heaven, heaven should be a teacher of Taoism, and Taoism is natural." Nature is the universal law of the whole universe. Only by following the laws of "Tao" and "Nature" can nature and human society achieve harmony. First of all, I think that color is not the essence, but only plays the role of showing off the five colors that make people blind. As appearances, "color" and "Hua" are diametrically opposed to "belly" and "reality" as essence. Non-color attaches great importance to "element" and "mystery" Deeply influenced by Taoist thought, literati chose the more essential ink white, that is, ink painting, when they devoted themselves to landscape painting creation. The rise of China's ink and wash landscape painting is influenced by Taoist aesthetics.

Zhuangzi gave full play to Laozi's thought, and thought that "Tao" was the highest entity of the universe, and it was the floorboard of the origin, essence and laws of things. Tao is infinite, eternal, inevitable and stable. Under the care of Tao, everything that can be perceived is limited, temporary, accidental and changeable. The metaphysical "Tao" is displayed through the metaphysical "device". The highest state of the spirit is "enlightenment", but this process of "enlightenment" can only reach the other side of the spirit through "taste", that is, through observing and thinking about specific things. Natural landscape is the image of Tao, and the meaning of landscape is "taking pictures of Tao with shape". Therefore, the aesthetic significance of landscape painting is also reflected in the inheritance of Tao, not just the simple reproduction of the natural landscape at a time and place. Creation must reflect the artist's subjective consciousness, that is, the creative process is not only a technical problem, but also a spiritual sublimation process of "teaching Taoism with God", which is based on this creative purpose. The painter has realized the truth that "there is no scene without mercy, and there is no scene without mercy". Only by infiltrating pure emotion into the painting can we get the charm. Second, the impact of Taoism on China's traditional literature

Laozi and Zhuangzi believe that simplicity is the most beautiful, and the so-called "simplicity is uncontested beauty". Establish "nature" and "simplicity" as the highest aesthetic principles. Laozi said "speechless" and Zhuangzi said "get carried away", which makes literature often pursue "implication" and "endless words and endless meanings".

People are always in nature, and the emotions of people are also complementary to the changes of natural movements. Poetry has always been the mainstream of China literature, from The Book of Songs and Songs of the South to the splendor of Tang and Song poetry. The lyrical object of China literati is not the emotion between people, but the grander existence-nature. His creative space is within the framework of "the world is beautiful, and the four seasons know the law". What he writes is always: braving the wind and waves, picturesque mountains and rivers, spring flowers and autumn moons, flocks floating and falling red ... The highest realm of China's poetry is: keen insight, capturing the instantaneous communication between nature and people.

"And I am alone, with tears streaming down my face" because "I miss heaven and earth, and there is no limit"; You must "look up" at the bright moon to "dive back, I suddenly remembered home"; It is "river of no return, the waves are exhausted" and "The Romantic Figures of the Ages"; And "how much you can worry about" must be "like a river flowing eastward" ... in China's poems.

Taoist culture is one of the important sources of China's ancient ideology and culture, which has rich accumulation and far-reaching influence on China's traditional culture. Taoism advocates an artificial "natural" ideal beauty and a natural way to generate everything in the world. Its influence on China's traditional painting, literature, way of thinking, law and other aspects occupies an absolute dominant position, even if the expression of China's art is the expression of Taoist art, it is not an exaggeration.

First, the influence of traditional painting in China

Laozi said, "Man should be a teacher of land, land should be a teacher of heaven, heaven should be a teacher of Taoism, and Taoism is natural." Nature is the universal law of the whole universe. Only by following the laws of "Tao" and "Nature" can nature and human society achieve harmony. First of all, I think that color is not the essence, but only plays the role of showing off the five colors that make people blind. As appearances, "color" and "Hua" are diametrically opposed to "belly" and "reality" as essence. Non-color attaches great importance to "element" and "mystery" Deeply influenced by Taoist thought, literati chose the more essential ink white, that is, ink painting, when they devoted themselves to landscape painting creation. The rise of China's ink and wash landscape painting is influenced by Taoist aesthetics.

Zhuangzi gave full play to Laozi's thought, and thought that "Tao" was the highest entity of the universe, and it was the floorboard of the origin, essence and laws of things. Tao is infinite, eternal, inevitable and stable. Under the care of Tao, everything that can be perceived is limited, temporary, accidental and changeable. The metaphysical "Tao" is displayed through the metaphysical "device". The highest state of the spirit is "enlightenment", but this process of "enlightenment" can only reach the other side of the spirit through "taste", that is, through observing and thinking about specific things. Natural landscape is the image of Tao, and the meaning of landscape is "taking pictures of Tao with shape". Therefore, the aesthetic significance of landscape painting is also reflected in the inheritance of Tao, not just the simple reproduction of the natural landscape at a time and place. Creation must reflect the artist's subjective consciousness, that is, the creative process is not only a technical problem, but also a spiritual sublimation process of "teaching Taoism with God", which is based on this creative purpose. The painter has realized the truth that "there is no scene without mercy, and there is no scene without mercy". Only by infiltrating pure emotion into the painting can we get the charm. Second, the impact of Taoism on China's traditional literature

Laozi and Zhuangzi believe that simplicity is the most beautiful, and the so-called "simplicity is uncontested beauty". Establish "nature" and "simplicity" as the highest aesthetic principles. Laozi said "speechless" and Zhuangzi said "get carried away", which made literature often pursue "implication" and "inexhaustible words".

People are always in nature, and the emotions of people are also complementary to the changes of natural movements. Poetry has always been the mainstream of China literature, from The Book of Songs and Songs of the South to the splendor of Tang and Song poetry. The lyrical object of China literati is not the emotion between people, but the grander existence-nature. His creative space is within the framework of "the world is beautiful, and the four seasons know the law". What he writes is always: braving the wind and waves, picturesque mountains and rivers, spring flowers and autumn moons, flocks floating and falling red ... The highest realm of China's poetry is: keen insight, capturing the instantaneous communication between nature and people.

"And I am alone, with tears streaming down my face" because "I miss heaven and earth, and there is no limit"; You must "look up" at the bright moon to "dive back, I suddenly remembered home"; It is "river of no return, the waves are exhausted" and "The Romantic Figures of the Ages"; And "how much you can worry about" must be "like a river flowing eastward" ... in China's poems.

Thirdly, the influence of Taoism on China's traditional way of thinking.

The remarkable contribution of Taoism to China's traditional way of thinking mainly lies in its dialectical way of thinking, which is complementary to and related to it.

"inaction" methodology. The so-called dialectical way of thinking is embodied in a profound grasp of the dialectical relationship of interdependence and mutual transformation between contradictory opposites. This so-called model can make it difficult for people to go to the absoluteness of metaphysics when looking at problems, and avoid stubbornness, rigidity and dogmatism.

"Inaction" is not only an ideological proposition, but also a way of thinking with methodological significance. The method of "inaction" teaches people to be good at letting nature take its course, not reckless and hard work, to learn to think from another angle, to take a step back, to be good at guiding the situation and to be flexible and enterprising. This so-called way constitutes an important part of China's cultural wisdom.

Legal ideas need to be based on universal natural rationality. The core and essence of Taoist thought is the concept of "Taoism is natural". Taoism regards the laws and principles of nature as omnipotent, and regards Tao as an innate existence, which remains unchanged. Therefore,' man practices the earth, practices the sky, practices the Tao and practices the Tao naturally.' Taoism believes that the whole universe has been running in an eternal and intelligent order before the various order civilizations created by human beings came into being. The essence of this order is a natural reason-Tao, which transcends all human rationality. In the Taoist concept, "Tao" is a collection of basic and ultimate principles about justice, and it is the foundation and source of all human laws. All human laws must obey it, obey it, and get the source of strength from it. "The old road is big, big, big, and the king is big. As a result, Taoism has formed the concept of "natural law" being supreme, and "Tao" has become the "supreme law" that commands and dominates all order, and "Taoism and nature" has become the essence and highest criterion of Taoist legal thought and the starting point for its elaboration of all legal philosophies.

The legal principle of customary rule. Taoism advocates "inaction" and "nature", challenges the absolute authority of the monarch and the coercive power of the state, and has simple anti-authoritarian and anti-legal unity factors. In fact, Taoism has noticed people's ability to form self-restraint norms spontaneously, and thinks that this natural norm formed on the basis of people's feelings and heaven is far more sensible than the laws painstakingly designed by rulers. The "inaction" of Taoism limits the "infinite" political resources in the hands of the monarch, and requires the rulers to trust and rely on the people's self-adjustment and self-correction, so as to give the folk political wisdom ample room for development. "Tao is often unknown. Although the park is small, there is no second minister in the world. If the marquis can keep it, everything will take care of itself. Heaven and earth are in harmony with each other, and the people are flat without orders. Become famous for the first time. Name is both, the husband will also Zhi Zhi, Zhi Zhi must not be violent. If the Tao is in the world, the valleys are in the rivers and seas. " "Tao often does nothing, but does nothing. If the Marquis can hold on, everything will be albino. I want to do this, and I will make this town unknown. Nameless simplicity will make her husband have no desire. If you don't want to be quiet, the world will decide. " The Taoist concept overthrew the rulers' "reward" law and the people's top-down operation order, but fully affirmed the people's ability to promote social harmony with "self-equality", "self-correction" and "self-determination" from the bottom up.