Common sense of Beijing opera knowledge

1. Basic knowledge and some knowledge of Peking Opera.

Sorry, that's all I found. Is it useful? Beijing Opera: Also called "Beijing Opera", it is one of the most popular operas in China.

It has a history of more than 200 years. Since the fifty-five years of Qianlong (1790), four Huizhou Qupai clubs, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which have performed in the south, have successively performed in Beijing. They cooperated with Hubei Quyi artists, influenced each other, accepted some plays, tunes and playing methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin Opera, absorbed some folk tunes, and gradually merged, evolved and developed.

"Four skills and five methods": the collective name of four performance skills of "singing and doing" and five technical methods of "hand-eye-body-step" (on "mouth-hand-eye-body-step"). This is the basic accomplishment of traditional opera actors.

"Role": In China traditional operas, the types of roles are divided according to the different genders, ages, identities and personalities of the people in the plays. For example, the average person is called life or death; The old woman is called Lao Dan; A man with a rough personality is called a shelf to draw a face (vice net) and so on.

Each has its own performing arts characteristics. From the perspective of China opera history, the division of roles has gradually changed from simple to complex.

In modern times, most traditional operas take life, Dan, Jing, end and ugliness as the main line, each with a relatively fine division. If life is divided into old students, young students and martial arts students; Dan is divided into Tsing Yi, Huadan, Lao Dan and wudan.

Actors often specialize in one kind of role, thus forming various specialized businesses. Traditionally, roles and occupations are common.

"Meeting color": a term of China traditional opera. It means that as soon as the actor ended, the audience gave warm applause, commonly known as "meeting color"

Ticket friends: terms of traditional Chinese opera and Quyi. It is a general term for non-professional opera, quyi actors and musicians.

According to legend, in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the children of the Eight Banners, with the "Dragon Seal" issued by the Qing court, went to various places to sing children's books, engage in propaganda, and received no salary. Later, they called amateur actors who didn't get paid as "ticket friends". The fan organization of the fans is called "box office".

The performance of fans is called "ticket play". An amateur becomes a professional actor, which is called "going to sea".

Ma, Tan, Yang and Xi Xiaobo, four famous Peking Opera actors, became famous in 1930s. 1936, Beijing Liyan Daily held a public vote to select four Peking Opera actresses, namely Li Shifang, Zhang Junqiu, Mao Shilai and Song Dezhu, who were in class at that time or had not finished their studies, as "four-child actresses". 1940, under the influence of the four famous Dan, the above four people were re-elected as the "four minor Dan".

Four Famous Corners: Four Famous Corners of Peking Opera which became famous in the 1920s. They are Mei Lanfang, Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng and Xun Huisheng. Martial arts field "refers to percussion instruments in musical instruments."

Such as big gongs, small gongs, cymbals and drums in Beijing Opera. It used to refer to the percussionist "Wen Chang": it refers to all kinds of orchestral music played in musical instruments.

Such as the huqin, Heizi, Yueqin, flute and suona in Beijing Opera. In the past, it also referred to musicians and flute players who played these instruments.

2. Peking Opera knowledge

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This business is mainly for men over middle age. In fact, at the end of the lines, he is specialized in the leading role, such as the lead actor.

Walk-on: A role smaller than a supporting role. Most of them play soldiers, officials, followers and the masses.

Don't think that these people are unimportant, especially on the battlefield. Four walk-on representatives have thousands of troops. They often run up and down under various flags according to the needs of the plot (so they are also called walk-on). This run, the grand atmosphere on the battlefield also came out.

Wenchang: a band in the accompaniment of Beijing Opera. Musical instruments mainly include jinghu, flute, sheng, suona, etc. You don't need to play. Ugly behavior is called "ugliness" for short.

Ugliness can be divided into Wen Chou and Wu Ugliness. According to the zodiac, ugliness belongs to cattle, which is stupid, and ugliness is synonymous with stupidity.

But the ugly martial arts on the stage is also called mouth jumping, which can talk and jump, and perform lively and smart roles, which is completely different from the ugliness and stupidity of cattle. Banyan: The term of China traditional opera music is beat.

In Beijing opera, the beat is controlled by the drum board. The beat with strong beat is called "board", and the second strong beat and weak beat are called "middle eye" and "small eye", which together are called "board eye". Martial arts field: a percussion band in the accompaniment of Beijing opera. The main musical instruments are drums (Dan Pigu, sandalwood), big A, cymbals and small gongs.

3. What is the common sense of Peking Opera facial makeup?

"Facial makeup" refers to the colorful makeup on the faces of actors in China's traditional dramas.

Peking Opera facial makeup is a special makeup method with national characteristics. Because every historical figure or a certain kind of figure has a common score, just like singing and playing music should be based on the score, it is called "Facebook".

As for the source of Facebook, it is generally said that it comes from a mask. The evolution and development of Facebook is not the product of someone's imagination, but the observation, experience and synthesis of life phenomena by opera artists in their long-term artistic practice, as well as the continuous analysis, judgment and evaluation of the characters in the play, which gradually formed a complete set of artistic techniques.

This kind of facial makeup is mainly used for clean (face painting) and ugly (clown). It has a certain format in form, color and type.

A professional audience can tell from Facebook whether the character is a hero or a bad guy, smart or stupid, cute or annoying. The charming facial makeup of Peking Opera occupies a special position in the numerous facial makeup of China's plays.

Peking Opera facial makeup is famous for its symbolism and exaggeration. It uses exaggerated and distorted graphics to express the character characteristics of the role.

Eyes, foreheads and cheeks are usually painted as wings of bats, butterflies or swallows, with exaggerated mouths and noses to create the required facial effects. 1。

Classification of facial makeup: facial makeup can be divided into four basic types: rubbing, hooking, wiping and breaking. The face rubbing is dignified and powerful, and the overall color is dominant, plus the texture of the five senses. This is a very old form of facial makeup.

The hook surface is colorful, rich in patterns, complex and beautiful, colorful, and some are covered with gold and silver, which is colorful. Wipe your face with a light color, thinking that powder powder does not show your true face, highlighting the nature of treacherous bad people.

Disfigured, asymmetrical face, different left and right sides, describing ugly face or villain. According to the pattern arrangement of facial makeup, facial makeup is divided into the following four types: the most primitive form of facial makeup, which is divided into two parts by using double eyebrows.

On the basis of the whole face, the three tile faces divide the face into two masks according to the nose and mouth. Spend three tiles to make the boundary edges of the three tiles artistic, and add various patterns of facial makeup.

The broken surface is a variant of the three-tile surface, and the boundary edge is very flowery, which destroys the original outline. 2。

Patterns of facial makeup: There are many patterns of facial makeup, which are generally divided into forehead, eyebrows, eye sockets, nose sockets, mouth forks and mouth bottoms. The pattern of each part is different, regular and inconclusive. For example, Bao Zheng has a white crescent on his black forehead, indicating that he is honest and clean.

Meng Liang has a red gourd on his forehead, indicating that he likes drinking. Wen Zhong and Yang Jian painted three eyes, which originated from classical legends.

Genies, sand gods and leopards are multifaceted, highlighting their ghostly characteristics. Yang has a traditional "tiger" on his forehead, which shows that he is brave and invincible.

Zhao Kuangyin's dragon eyebrows are the real dragon emperor. There is a lightning pattern on Lei Gong's face.

Jiang Wei painted a picture of Yin and Yang on his forehead, indicating a clever plan. Xia Houdun's eye socket was injured by an arrow, so the red spots on his face are no different. Doordon, Dian Wei and others all have their best weapon patterns on their faces.

Wang drew a toad, indicating that it was the reincarnation of a water beast. Zhao Gongming painted on money to show that he was a god of wealth.

The big dipper drew a picture of the seven stars on his forehead.

4. Basic knowledge and some knowledge of Peking Opera.

Sorry, that's all I found. Is it useful?

Beijing Opera: Also called "Beijing Opera", it is one of the most popular operas in China. It has a history of more than 200 years. Since the fifty-five years of Qianlong (1790), four Huizhou Qupai clubs, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which have performed in the south, have successively performed in Beijing. They cooperated with Hubei Quyi artists, influenced each other, accepted some plays, tunes and playing methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin Opera, absorbed some folk tunes, and gradually merged, evolved and developed.

"Four Merits and Five Techniques": the collective name of four performance techniques of "singing and doing" and five technical methods of "hand-eye-body-step". This is the basic accomplishment of traditional opera actors.

"Role": In China traditional operas, the types of roles are divided according to the different genders, ages, identities and personalities of the people in the plays. For example, the average person is called life or death; The old woman is called Lao Dan; A man with a rough personality is called a shelf to draw a face (vice net) and so on. Each has its own performing arts characteristics. From the perspective of China opera history, the division of roles has gradually changed from simple to complex. In modern times, most traditional operas take life, Dan, Jing, end and ugliness as the main line, each with a relatively fine division. If life is divided into old students, young students and martial arts students; Dan is divided into Tsing Yi, Huadan, Lao Dan and wudan. Actors often specialize in one kind of role, thus forming various specialized businesses. Traditionally, roles and occupations are common.

"Meeting color": a term of China traditional opera. It means that as soon as the actor ended, the audience gave warm applause, commonly known as "meeting color"

Ticket friends: terms of traditional Chinese opera and Quyi. It is a general term for non-professional opera, quyi actors and musicians. According to legend, in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the children of the Eight Banners, with the "Dragon Seal" issued by the Qing court, went to various places to sing children's books, engage in propaganda, and received no salary. Later, they called amateur actors who didn't get paid as "ticket friends". The fan organization of the fans is called "box office". The performance of fans is called "ticket play". An amateur becomes a professional actor, which is called "going to sea".

Four beards

It refers to four Peking Opera students (old students) who became famous in 1930s, namely, Ma, Tan, Yang and Xi Xiaobo.

Four Famous Actresses: 1936, Beijing Liyan Daily held a public vote and selected four Peking Opera actresses, Li Shifang, Zhang Junqiu, Mao Shilai and Song Dezhu, as the "Four Child Stars". 1940, under the influence of the four famous Dan, the above four people were re-elected as the "four minor Dan".

Four Famous Corners: Four Famous Corners of Peking Opera which became famous in the 1920s. They are Mei Lanfang, Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng and Xun Huisheng.

Martial arts field "refers to percussion instruments such as big gongs, small gongs, cymbals and drums in Beijing opera." It used to refer to percussionists.

"Wenchang" refers to all kinds of orchestral music played in musical instruments. Such as the huqin, Heizi, Yueqin, flute and suona in Beijing Opera. In the past, it also referred to musicians and flute players who played these instruments.

5. China traditional opera knowledge.

There are five major operas in China: Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Huangmei Opera, Pingju Opera and Henan Opera. Storytelling is a traditional form of drama in China, which is a combination of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and various performing arts. It has a long history of origin, and there were budding songs and dances as early as primitive society. In the long process of development, after more than 800 years of continuous enrichment, renewal and development, a relatively complete system of traditional Chinese opera art has gradually formed. Although its origin comes from three different artistic forms: folk songs and dances, rap and burlesque, the biggest feature that distinguishes a drama is that its musical vocals come from different vocal music systems. These musical vocals are based on the language, folk songs and folk music of the region where they are produced. It is produced by absorbing music from other regions. Most of the characters in all kinds of dramas are filled by characters with different faces such as birth, Dan, purity and ugliness. In performance, it emphasizes stylized movements and virtual space processing based on life refinement. Paying equal attention to singing, reading, doing and playing, performing and dancing are rich and technical, which constitutes a complete opera art system different from other operas. Beijing opera is the quintessence of our country. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in ethnic areas of China. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), there have been many traditional dramas, new historical dramas and modern dramas adapted to express the theme of modern life. They were warmly welcomed by the audience. The more popular and famous operas are: Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, xiang opera Opera, Guangdong Opera, Qin Opera, Sichuan Opera, Pingju Opera, Jin Opera, Han Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Fujian Opera, Qi Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, Anqing Huangmei Opera, Hunan Opera and so on. Among them, Peking Opera is the most popular. Therefore, it is called "play". China's operas mainly include Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zaju in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, legends and legends in Ming and Qing Dynasties, traditional repertoire of modern Peking Opera and other local operas. Is the floorboard of China national drama culture. [Edit this paragraph] The three artistic features of drama are comprehensiveness, virtuality and proceduralization-(1) Comprehensive China drama is a national art with strong comprehensiveness, which is not only reflected in its integration of various artistic categories (such as dance and acrobatics), but also in its exquisite and profound performing arts. Various artistic factors are closely combined with the performing arts. All the functions of China's traditional drama are realized by the actors' performances. Among them, the organic composition of singing, reciting, doing and hitting the actors is the most concentrated and prominent embodiment of the comprehensiveness of China traditional operas. Singing refers to singing, emphasizing "clear pronunciation and mellow voice"; Reading aloud, that is, reading aloud, is a strict reciting skill. The so-called "one thousand pounds of oral part sings four Liang"; Doing refers to doing work, which is the character and expression; Beating refers to the martial arts action in performance, which is a combination of dance martial arts skills formed on the basis of China traditional martial arts. These four expressions are sometimes interrelated and sometimes cross each other, and the composition depends on the needs of the plot, but they are all unified into a comprehensive whole, reflecting the beauty of harmony. China Opera is a dramatic form full of musical spirit (sense of rhythm), which is centered on the comprehensive performance of singing, reading, doing and acting, and has formal beauty. (2) Fictitiousness is the basic way for drama to reflect life. It refers to comparing the real environment or objects with the actors' performances in a deformed way to express life. The virtuality of China's traditional operas is first manifested in the flexibility of dealing with the stage space-time. The so-called "three-five-to-five-to-world" has six or seven people and millions of soldiers, and the abbot is in Wan Li. In a blink of an eye, a column of incense has been fragrant for thousands of years, breaking through the limitations of "three unifications" and "the fourth wall" of western drama. Secondly, scheduling in a specific stage atmosphere and actors' simulation of some life actions, such as windy and rainy, riding a horse, threading a needle and so on. It more strongly and vividly reflects the virtual characteristics of China's traditional operas. The facial makeup of Chinese opera is also a virtual way. The virtuality of China's traditional operas is not only caused by the poor stage of China's traditional operas and the backward techniques of dancing beauty, but also the product of the accumulation of national traditional aesthetic thoughts that pursue the likeness of spirit and convey the spirit with form. At this time, it is the creation of beauty, which greatly liberates the creativity of writers and stage artists and the artistic imagination of the audience. In this way, the aesthetic value of traditional Chinese opera is greatly improved. (3) Procedural procedure is a manifestation of China traditional operas reflecting life. It refers to the standardization, dance performance and reuse of life movements. The program directly or indirectly comes from life, but it is formed by refining, summarizing and beautifying life according to certain norms. It embodies the painstaking efforts of artists of all ages and becomes the starting point for a new generation of actors to re-create, so the performing arts of traditional Chinese opera can be passed down from generation to generation. There are fixed formats for closing the door, pushing the window, getting on the horse, getting on the boat and going upstairs. In addition to performing programs, traditional Chinese opera has certain programs in script form, role-playing, music singing, makeup and clothing, etc. Excellent artists can break through some restrictions of the program. Create your own personalized normative art. Procedure is a model of beauty. [Edit this paragraph] The origin and formation of China traditional opera has a long history. It originated from songs and dances that imitate labor. (1) Pre-Qin-the embryonic stage of China traditional opera. The "Ode" in The Book of Songs and the "Nine Songs" in The Songs of Chu are the lyrics of singing and dancing when offering sacrifices to the gods. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, from the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Middle Tang Dynasty, there appeared Corner Arrival (that is, Hundred Dramas), Joining the Army, and Stepping on Mother, all of which were budding dramas. (2) Tang Dynasty (middle and late period)-the formation period of drama. After the middle Tang Dynasty, traditional Chinese opera. The art of drama has gradually taken shape. (3) Song and Jin Dynasties-the period of drama development. "Zaju" in Song Dynasty, "Ben Yuan" in Jin Dynasty and "Zhu Gong Tune" in rap form all laid the foundation of Zaju in Yuan Dynasty in music, structure and content. (4) Yuan Dynasty-the mature stage of drama. In the Yuan Dynasty, "Zaju" developed greatly on the original basis.

6. Knowledge of Peking Opera

The Origin of Peking Opera Peking Opera is the quintessence of our country and one of the important operas popular in the whole country.

It has a history of more than 200 years. In the fifty-fifth year of Qing Qianlong (1790), four Huizhou Qupai clubs, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which were originally performing in the south, performed in Beijing one after another. They cooperated with Hubei Han Diao artists, influenced each other, accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qinqiang Opera, and absorbed some folk tunes, and gradually merged and evolved into Beijing Opera.

Its music basically belongs to banqiang, and its singing is mainly based on Huizhou and Handiao watermelons, so it was called "Pihuang". In addition, there are Xipi's anti-tune (that is, "anti-Xipi"), Er Quan's anti-tune (that is, "anti-Er Quan") and Nanbangzi, Sipingdiao, Chuiqiang, Gaopaizi and Nangong.

The accompaniment instruments are mainly Jinghu, supplemented by Erhu, Yueqin and Sanxian. Some voices and music are accompanied by suona and flute.

Percussion instruments include Dan Pigu, Sandalwood, Gong, Xiao Gong, cymbals, drums and planetesimals. Beijing opera performance pays equal attention to singing, reading, doing and playing, often adopts virtual movements, attaches importance to the blending of scenes, and is full of sounds and emotions.

Since its birth, Peking Opera has had many names, such as "Random Play", "Spring Tune", "Beijing Spring", "Beijing Er Quan", "Er Quan", "Drama", "Pingju" (Beijing was once called Beiping), Peking Opera and so on. There are thousands of traditional operas in Beijing Opera, among which the popular Peking Opera such as Making Peace, Heroes Meeting, Empty City Plan, Drunken Maid, Sanchakou, Picking up Jade Bracelet and Fishing and Killing was formed about 1.50 years ago.

In the fifty-fifth year of Qing Qianlong (1790), the well-known Huizhou class "Sanqing Class" in the south of the Yangtze River went to Beijing to celebrate the 80th birthday of Qing Qianlong. Huizhou Opera Troupe refers to a troupe that performs Huizhou tunes or Huizhou operas, which was very popular in the south in the early Qing Dynasty.

Followed by many Huizhou classes, the most famous of which are Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, and they are called "four Huizhou classes". They have their own characteristics in performance, and Sanqing is good at performing the whole drama; Sixi is good at Kunqu opera; Children's Ling, mainly teenagers, in Chuntai; And the spring martial arts drama is outstanding.

After 1828, a group of China opera actors went to Beijing one after another. Han opera, also known as Chu tune, is now called Han opera. It is a local opera popular in Hubei, with Xipi and Huanger as the main voices, especially Xipi.

Because of the consanguineous relationship between Huizhou Opera and Han Opera in voice and performance, most of the actors of Han Opera participated in the cooperative performance of Huizhou Class after they came to Beijing, and some of them became the main actors of Huizhou Class, such as Yu Sansheng. Huang Er, high-beat, blowing, and four-level tones are the major tones of Huizhou. Occasionally, there are Xipi tune, Kunqu tune and Yi tune. Actors in the Han Dynasty played Xipi and Huang Er.

The two classes of Hui and Han cooperated and the two tunes merged. After a period of mutual integration and absorption, coupled with Beijing dialect, it constantly absorbed nutrition from Kunqu opera, Yi opera and Qin opera, and finally formed a new kind of drama-Beijing opera. The maturity and recognition of the first generation of Peking Opera actors is about 1840.

Peking Opera has had many names since its birth. There are: Luantan, Chundiao, Huang Jing, Jing Erhuang, Pi Huang (Pi Huang), Huang Er (Huang Er), Drama, Pingju, Old Opera, National Opera, Peking Opera and Peking Opera.

What are the characteristics of Beijing Opera music? The vocals of Beijing Opera belong to the plate-type variety, with Xipi and Chun Er as the main vocals. Xipi's melody fluctuates greatly, the rhythm is compact, and the singing is smooth and lively, which is suitable for expressing cheerful and determined emotions; Huang Er's melody is relatively stable, the rhythm is slow, and his singing is dignified and vigorous, which is more suitable for expressing depressed, sad and angry emotions.

Little knowledge of Chinese opera 1. Name the airplane donated by Chang Xiangyu, a famous performing artist during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea? A: The number of Yu Xiang Drama Club. 2. What is the music structure of Henan Opera? A: Plate cavity.

3. Please name the five famous Dan of Henan Opera and one of its representative plays? A: Chang Xiangyu, Matchmaker, Legend of White Snake, Mulan; Chen Suzhen, cosmic front, spring and autumn match; Cui Lantian, Taohua Temple, Qin Xianglian; Mu is in command, Huada Chao,; Yan Lipin, Qin Xuemei, the hidden boat. 4. Who was the first actor who won the plum blossom award in our province? Don Yu Ying.

5. What are the basic skills of China traditional opera? Answer: Sing, read, do, fight, hand, eye, body, method and step. 6. What are the martial arts gongs and drums in Beijing Opera? Answer: Four strokes, emergency wind, small four strokes, horse legs, strings and so on.

7. What's the name of the Henan opera Run Bianjing? Answer: Eight-style or embroidered shoes 8. What are the challenges in China's traditional operas? A: The hint given by the actor to the drummer before singing. 9. What is the business of "Kokura Wa" in "Roster"? What's your name again? A: the behavior is ugly; Also known as "three sides".

10. Who is the screenwriter of Mulan in Henan Opera? A: Chen * * *. For more details, please visit the following website.

7. Peking Opera knowledge

How many years did Beijing Opera come into being? There are two versions: 150 or 200.

There are some controversies about the history of China opera, especially among the masses, but the more accurate one should be 150. Of course, the formation period of a drama can't be as accurate as opening a shop. It should be said that it is about 150 years.

1990, the bicentennial meeting of Huiban's coming to Beijing was held in Beijing. Many people think that this is the proof that Peking Opera has been formed for 200 years. In fact, the entry of Huiban into Beijing is closely related to the formation of Peking Opera, but they are two identical concepts. To put it shallowly, the baby's age should be counted from the time he was born, and the time he was pregnant and in his mother's body is not counted.

Since it is called formation, there must be a more scientific definition. This is the difference between the formation of Beijing Huiban and Beijing Opera.

Beijing Opera is the product of the fusion of Beijing Hui Opera and Han Opera. However, in the process of its formation, China's tunes played an important role.

Strictly speaking, timbre, style, repertoire, rhyme, etc. Han tune is the main "connotation" of Peking Opera. Huizhou Class is the "carrier" of performers who combine emblem with China tune. Therefore, experts have said that the class is called Huizhou class and the tune is called Han tune.

Without Huizhou class and the attachment of China opera actors, it is difficult to form Peking Opera. However, China opera has no actors, only Huizhou class. Without the main connotation of Peking Opera, it is still impossible to form Peking Opera.

Sanqing Huiban 1790' s entry into Beijing is only a sign of the emergence of the carrier, and it is far from the emergence of the new Peking Opera. Therefore, it cannot be vaguely said that Beijing Opera has been formed for 200 years.

Mi Yingxian (also known as Mi) is the first China opera actor to come to Beijing. About 1800 played Guan Yu's play, and Zeng Chuntai was a member of Huizhou class for 20 years. However, as a China opera actor, his influence is not extensive after all. A large number of middle-tune actors went to Beijing one after another, about 1820- 1832. Famous ones include Wang Honggui, Li Liu, Long Deyun and Tan Zhidao. The most famous is Yu Sansheng, an old student.

These Chinese-tone actors perform on the same stage as the Huizhou-class actors. Huang Er, Gospel, Chui, Siping, etc. Occasionally, they perform Xipi, Kunqu and Yi tunes. Actors in the Han Dynasty played Xipi and Huang Er. Xipi and Huanger are undoubtedly the main components of Beijing Opera. Judging from the later Peking Opera repertoires and harmony, more of them originated from Han Opera. For example, the present traditional operas, such as pass the parcel Cao, Wubi Opera, Circus Selling, Monument Touching Opera and Qionglin Banquet, all originated from Han Opera.

Some plays originated from Anhui opera, and there are many Beijing opera books (such as The History of the Three Kingdoms). ) They were all edited and performed together with Lu Shengkui, and that was after the basic formation of Peking Opera. To sum up, it can be seen that: first, Huiban's entry into Beijing is only the appearance of Beijing opera carrier; Second, Han-tune actors joined the Hui class after they entered Beijing, and they sang on the same stage with the Hui class actors, influencing and blending with each other. Coupled with Beijing dialect, it has gradually become a new kind of drama made of Huangpi. However, the repertoire and harmony of Han opera are the main connotation of Beijing opera, so it is an important step for Chinese actors to go to Beijing to create Beijing opera. Without this step, only the Hui people can't make Peking Opera. Thirdly, after 1820, a large number of China opera actors went to Beijing, and after nearly 20 years of integration and brewing, Peking Opera gradually formed.

The maturity and recognition of the first generation of Peking Opera actors is about 1840. This is the historical basis that we believe that Peking Opera was formed about 150 years ago.

There is also evidence that the first Peking Opera script was Elysium written by a signed opera-watching Taoist published in the twentieth year of Daoguang (1840), and there is a saying in its general rule: "Music is better than Chu, and Youkun is better than Wu, so the customs are natural. I want to listen to the capital today, so I use Beijing accent.

Occasionally, it is pronounced flat and even, and there have been examples in the Yuan Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty. Fortunately, don't scoff and think it's ridiculous. "But: First, Peking Opera mainly talks about Chu Yin, that is, Diao Han, not Shang Huiyin.

Secondly, a key factor in the evolution of Han tune to Beijing opera is silence, which is of course only part of pronunciation. Thirdly, Elysium appeared before 1840, and there was no Peking Opera script.

Therefore, it is more in line with the objective reality of history to define the formation time of Peking Opera as about 150 years ago. Since the formation of Beijing Opera, a large number of outstanding actors have emerged. They have contributed to the innovation and development of Beijing Opera in singing, performance, repertoire and character modeling, and formed many influential schools.

Such as Cheng Changgeng, Yu Sansheng, Zhang Erkui, Tan Xinpei, Wang Guifen, Sun Juxian, Wang Xiaonong, Liu Hongsheng, Wang Hongshou, Yu Shuyan, Gao Qingkui, Yan Ju Peng, Zhou Xinfang, Ma Lianliang, Yang Baosen, Tan Fuying and Li Shaochun. Xiao Sheng, Xu Xiaoxiang, Cheng Jixian, Jiang Miaoxiang and Ye Shenglan. ; Present were, Huang Yueshan,,, Shang, Li, etc. Dan Jiao Mei Qiaoling, Yu Ziyun, Tian Guifeng, Mei Lanfang, Cheng, Xun Huisheng, Shang Xiaoyun, Feng, Xiao Cuihua, Gong Yunfu, Li Duokui, etc. Jing Jiao Mu Fengshan, Huang Runfu, He Guishan, Qiu Guixian, Qiu et al. Clown Liu Gansan, Yang Mingyu (originally Kunqu Opera, joined Beijing Class), Wang Changlin, Xiao Changhua, etc. In addition, there are famous pianists such as Sun, Mei Tian,,, and so on. Famous drummers include Hang, Bai and Wang.

The stage art of Beijing Opera with artistic characteristics has formed a set of standardized programs that restrict and complement each other in literature, performance, music, singing, gongs and drums, makeup and facial makeup through the long-term stage practice of countless artists. As an artistic means to create a stage image, it is very rich and its usage is very strict.

If you can't master these programs, you can't complete the creation of Peking Opera stage art. Just as Peking Opera entered the court at the beginning of its formation, its development and growth are different from local operas.

It is required to show a wider range of life, create more types of characters, be more comprehensive and complete in skills, and have higher aesthetic requirements for its stage image. Of course, it also weakens its folk local flavor, and its simple and rude style is relatively weak.

Therefore, its performing arts tend to combine reality with reality, which goes beyond the limitation of stage space and time to the maximum extent, thus achieving the artistic realm of "expressing the spirit with form and having both form and spirit". The performance requires exquisiteness and exquisiteness, and it is everywhere; It is required to sing melodiously and euphemistically, and the voice is full of emotion; martial arts