How is heart failure treated?

General treatment:

Electrocardiographic blood pressure monitoring, oxygen and other treatments.

Drug therapy:

1. Etiologic treatment: hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, valvular disease, congenital heart disease and other etiologic treatments, treatment of heart failure before and after the increase in load or myocardial lesions and other etiologic causes.

2. Causative treatment: anti-infection, anti-arrhythmia, control of blood pressure, improve myocardial ischemia and so on.

3. Appropriate diuresis: collaterals diuretics, thiazide diuretics, intravenous diuretics (acute heart failure or acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure).

4. Antagonize excessive neuroendocrine activation: beta-blockers, ACEI or ARB, spironolactone.

5. Positive inotropic agents (digoxin is used primarily in systolic heart failure and/or atrial fibrillation; intravenous positive inotropic agents are used in acute heart failure).

6. Intravenous vasodilators (acute heart failure or acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure).

7. Treatment of other concomitant diseases and complications (e.g., cardiac arrhythmias, renal disease, respiratory disease).

Non-pharmacological treatment

CRT (cardiac resynchronization therapy) or CRT-D (cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator); non-invasive and invasive ventilator therapy; ultrafiltration and hemofiltration therapy; mechanically assisted therapy.