History of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions

In ancient China, a single drug was used to treat diseases for a long time. After long-term medical practice, I learned to mix several drugs and make soup after boiling. This is the earliest prescription. Although there were only 13 prescriptions in Neijing during the Warring States Period, the treatment principles of traditional Chinese medicine, the composition and structure of prescriptions, the law of drug compatibility, and the contraindications of taking drugs were all discussed in detail, which laid the theoretical foundation of prescription science. Fifty-two Prescriptions for Diseases found in Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha is the earliest existing prescription. The book contains the prescriptions of 283 clinical departments, and also describes the dosage forms such as soup, pill and powder. There are 1 1 classic prescriptions in Hanshu, among which there are a large number of experienced prescriptions of doctors at that time, and there is also a prescription monograph, Tang Yejing Method, which preliminarily summarizes the theory of prescriptions. There is a theory about how to choose dosage forms in Hanshu Shennong Herbal Classic. Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases contains 1 13 prescriptions, and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber contains 262 prescriptions, which are respected as classic prescriptions by later generations because of their legal composition, accurate drug selection, accurate dosage, ingenious changes and outstanding curative effect. The dosage forms used in typhoid prescriptions are decoction, pill, powder, suppository, ointment, medicated wine, vinegar, enema, lotion, bath agent, fumigant, ear drops, nasal lavage, nasal spray and so on. , including almost all traditional dosage forms except injections. From Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, the number of writings on alchemy doubled, but most of them were lost. The only book left in the Jin Dynasty, Elbow Queen, contains a large number of effective prescriptions with definite curative effect, convenience and low price, and puts forward the concept of finished medicine for the first time, advocating that drugs should be processed into certain dosage forms and stored for emergencies. There were as many as 2,600 volumes of Four Seas Collected Formulas and 300 volumes of Four Seas Collected Formulas in Sui Dynasty, which shows the rapid development of prescription science. Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty wrote A Thousand Daughters Should Be Opened, which contains 5,300 songs. Wang Dao's Secret Stories of Foreign Stations contains more than 6,000 songs. The official compilation of Taiping Shenghui Prescription in Song Dynasty contains 16834 songs, the General Record of Shengji contains more than 20,000 songs, and Hutchison Bureau contains 297 songs, which is the prescription and preparation specification for the manufacture and sale of traditional Chinese medicine by the official Hutchison Bureau and the first pharmacopoeia promulgated by the court. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there were four masters: Liu, Zhang, Zhu and Li. Liu Hejian made good use of coldness and wrote Xuan Ming's Treatise on Prescriptions and Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Zhang advocated capturing, and wrote "The Scholars Family Affairs"; Zhu Danxi is good at nourishing yin, and has written Danxi Heart Method and Gezhi Yu Lun. Li Dongyuan is good at invigorating the spleen and regulating the stomach, and has written Treatise on Spleen and Stomach and Shi Lan's Secret Collection. , have created and played the application of prescription science. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, local people prevailed, and scholars in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties advocated that the ancient prescriptions could not be ignored, and they made prescriptions in clinic, so there was a period of confrontation with the classics. In Jin Dynasty, Cheng Wuji wrote Treatise on Exogenous Fever, and selected 20 prescriptions for treating exogenous febrile diseases, which were interpreted according to the theory of Neijing, and were first discussed as prescriptions. The Puji Fang compiled by Zhu in Ming Dynasty contains 6 1739 articles, which is the highest among all the books. Wu's Textual Research on Medical Prescriptions is the first monograph on prescription science in China. This book comprehensively sorts out the famous prescriptions of ancient doctors, examines and explains their prescriptions and witnesses one by one, and analyzes their meanings in detail. In the Qing Dynasty, a large number of monographs on prescription science appeared, such as Selected Notes on Ancient Prescriptions of Jiang Academy, Theory of Prescriptions of Famous Doctors by Luo Mei, Theory of Editing and Supplementing Prescriptions of Famous Doctors, Collection of Explanations of Prescriptions and Prescriptions Used by Wu, which enriched the theory of prescription science. In order to make it easier to read and remember, a large number of folk songs manuals appeared at this time, such as Tang Tou Ge Ji, Zhang Cheng Convenient Reader, Fang Ge Pu, Changsha Fang Ge Pu, and Ten Fang Ge Pu. The establishment of the school of febrile diseases, represented by Ye, Ye, Ye, Ye and Ye, has created a large number of effective prescriptions for febrile diseases and promoted the development of prescription science. After the introduction of western medicine into China, a new trend of thought appeared in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Zhang Xichun's "Learning Western Medicine", which contained 160 articles. The legislative prescriptions and medicines were all innovative and had certain influence on later generations. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, a large number of ancient prescriptions, folk secret recipes and proven prescriptions have been excavated and sorted out, and the work of combining traditional Chinese and western medicine has been carried out, and great progress has been made in the new use and creation of ancient prescriptions.