What are the Chinese folklore

① Legend of Dayu . Ancient folklore. Yu is the legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty. His main performance is to cure water. According to the ancient records, when Emperor Yao was in the era of flood, Jiu Ji replied, "Father is son, father is son". Jiu Ji replied, "Father is son, father is son", and his son Yu succeeded his father's work, and after 13 years, he finally recovered from the flood. After that, Shun Zen is located in Yu, and the Xia Dynasty is established. In addition, there are other episodes in the legend that he chased the ****worker, killed XiangCao, and YingLong helped him to cure the water, etc. JiuJiu is the son of Yu. The legend of Yu originally contained more mythological elements, but in the long run, the myths and legends about him were "historicized" and more political activities appeared, such as his sending people to measure the earth, summoning his subjects to meetings and deliberations, rewarding and punishing the guilty, and seeking talents and appointments, etc., and a prominent genealogical lineage was created for him. This gradually detached the legendary character of Yu from his original nature and made him a model of an emperor in line with Confucian concepts. However, among the people, Dayu is still mainly a water-ruining hero with divine colors.

Legends about Yu's water management are often associated with local scenery. For example, the legend says that he took 99 tons of stones from Mount Tai to build a weir to block the water, and these stones were later turned into nine sections of Mount Changbai in Shandong. In Shanxi, there is also a legend about Dayu's treatment of Lake Jinyang. This kind of legend focuses on his great spirit of fearlessness and danger, for the benefit of the people, in order to educate future generations.

② Yugong Yishan legend. Ancient folklore. Allegedly: in ancient times, there is a nearly ninety-year-old North Mountain Yugong, because of the bitter front Taihang, Wangya two mountains hinder access, will be determined to level these two mountains. Family members and neighbors came to help. They spent their days splitting the mountains and transporting soil between Bohai Sea and Taihang for years. The wise old man of Hequ ridiculed Yugong for his "stupidity". Yugong said to Zhisuo, "Even though I die, I have a son who lives on. Their spirit of digging the mountain every day touched God, who then sent the gods Qua and Moth to carry the mountain away. This legend contains the idea that "where there's a will, there's a way", and that man can win. Literary scholars, artists and politicians of the past and present have all used this legend. Mao Zedong used the story of Yugong Yishan to inspire and educate people to carry forward the spirit of hard work.

③ Lu Ban legend. Ancient folklore of skilled craftsmen. Lu Ban is the late Spring and Autumn period of the State of Lu craftsmen, the name of Gong输般. His skills are superb, but also Lu people, so later people called him "Lu Ban (like)". He was recorded in ancient books and some notes and square records. During the Warring States period, Gongtu Bon was originally a historical figure, and gradually became a legendary figure in the folklore.

There are two types of legends about Lu Ban. One is the story of his inventions and creations. The other is about his construction of famous bridges, temples, temples and other buildings. Craftsmen of all times wanted to improve their ability to conquer nature and improve craftsmanship, and imagined Lu Ban as a technician with magical skills and infinite wisdom. In the old days, carpenters, masons and stonemasons also honored Luban in their folklore activities by worshiping him as their "ancestor" and building temples to worship him. The legend of Lu Ban has played a great role in educating and uniting the craftsmen.

④ Legend of Meng Jiangnu. It is an ancient folklore. This legend has been passed down for more than 2,000 years, with several evolutions, enriched plots, and increasingly distinctive themes. The prototype of Meng Jiangnu was the wife of Qi Liang of Qi state in the Spring and Autumn period, and she was a woman who knew how to be courteous in the biography of Zuo Shi of the Spring and Autumn period. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, when the Great Wall was built repeatedly, the labor was heavy, and there were a lot of conscripts and discontented women among the people. The people associated the reality with the drudgery of building the Great Wall in the Qin Dynasty, which transformed the legend into a new form of the theme of anti-construction labor. From then on, Qi Liang by Qi sacrifices of war generals, into the city of the people killed by the fight, Qi Liang's wife will become a husband to recognize the bones, crying down the Great Wall of the legendary character.

After the Ming and Qing dynasties, the story of Meng Jiangnu is said to be born of the gourd, due to the gourd is implicated in the next door and live in the two families of Meng Jiang, known as Meng Jiangnu. After Meng Jiangnu cried down the Great Wall, Qin Shi Huang saw her beauty, want to take as a consort, and accept Meng Jiangnu put forward three conditions, wearing hemp mourning, holding a funeral stick, for Qiliang mourning. Finally, Meng Jiangnu threw herself into the sea and died.

In recent times, the story of Meng Jiangnu has spread almost all over the country, with far-reaching effects, and many different texts have appeared in different places. Due to the different times, the theme and ideological tendency of the work is also more complex.

In 1928, Gu Jiegang edited the "Meng Jiangnu story research collection" published. The anthology is a special collection of research on the legend of Meng Jiangnu. The questions and conclusions raised by the study of the historical evolution of this legend still have considerable scientific value. In its research methodology, it links historical documents with folk oral legends and makes historical and geographical comparisons, which has had a considerable impact on the later study of folklore and mythology in China.

⑤ Legend of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden. Cowherd and Weaving Maiden are derived from the star names of Cowherd and Weaving Maiden. Between the Han and Wei dynasties, the folk that this story, the story of the Cowherd is the earth's watchman cowherd, the Weaving Maiden is the daughter of the emperor of the sky. The Weaving Maiden and the Cowherd were married and had a boy and a girl, and finally the Queen Mother caught them back and made a heavenly river between them, and they could only meet each year on the eve of the seventh day of the seventh month by the magpie bridge.

The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden has been a household name for more than a thousand years. Its origin can be seen in the Poetry Classic - Xiao Ya - Da Dong. There are also songs about it in Nineteen Ancient Poems - A Long Way to the Altair Star. This story has also given birth to many variations in the oral folklore, some of which are combined with the two-brother type story, which describes the Cowherd as a younger brother abused by his brother and sister-in-law, and the feathered-clothes type story, which describes the Weaving Maiden as a celestial maiden descending from heaven to take a bath, and the old cow tells the Cowherd to hide the Weaving Maiden's clothes and get married, and in the end, the Weaving Maiden finds her clothes and flies back to the sky, and the Cowherd, clad in an old cow's skin, goes up to the sky to meet the Weaving Maiden. The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden is an artistic reflection of the economic life of small farmers in feudal China, where men ploughed and women wove. It takes the feudal family life as the background, through the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden are united and separated, and can only meet once in the sky on the eve of the seventh day of the seventh month of the fantasy plot, reflecting the family relationship under the feudal patriarchal system and the marriage tragedy caused by it. Later generations of literati used this legend to write operas such as "The Match of the River in Heaven", which expanded its influence even more. It is known as one of the four most famous legends in China, together with the Legend of Meng Jiangnu, the Legend of the White Snake, and the Legend of Liang Zhu.

⑥ White Snake Legend. It mainly describes the tragedy of the love and marriage between the White Snake and the young Xu Xian. The White Snake and its maid Xiaoqing Qing Qingming in Hangzhou West Lake encountered rain, Xu Xian to borrow an umbrella, the two people know and set marriage. The monk Fa Hai of Jinshan Temple saw Xu Xian and said that his face had a demonic aura, and told him to let the White Lady drink xionghuang wine at the Dragon Boat Festival. The White Lady manifested herself and scared Xu Xian to death. The White Lady and Xiaoqing stole the immortal grass to revive Xu Xian, but Fahai separated the couple again. However, Fa Hai separated the couple again. The White Lady went to ask for her husband and met Xu Xian at the Broken Bridge after the water flooded San Francisco, and the couple was reunited. But the fact is, the two of them are not the same, and they are not the same, so they are not the same.

The legend of the White Snake first originated in the folk rumors of the discovery of a giant python. And by the Tang legend "White Snake Chronicle" of some influence. Also absorbed some of the original Jinshan monk dragon fighting legend. The synopsis of the story of the White Snake was further reflected in the "Record of the Three Pagodas of the West Lake", and the story was colored with the idea that human beings and demons could not **** live together. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Feng Menglong compiled the popular novel "White Snake Yongzhen Leifeng Pagoda", and the tendency was the same. The Leifeng Pagoda Legend of the early Qing Dynasty diminishes the demonic aura of the White Snake and highlights her courageous character of resolutely pursuing free love. The story has a certain anti-feudal significance. The Legend of the Righteous Demon and the White Snake Treasure Scroll also show the same tendency, in which Fahai becomes the representative of evil forces. After the Legend of the White Snake entered the opera, the plot was richer and the characters were more fleshed out. The White Snake legend developed from its initial embryonic form to its basic stereotypes, in which there were changes in the circulation of folklore itself, but also accepted the influence of rap, novels, treasure scrolls, opera and other popular literature.

⑦ Liang Zhu legend. Chinese famous folklore. The story shows a pair of young men and women in the feudal system failed to combine the marriage tragedy of hate. The earliest in the early Tang Dynasty Liang Zaiyin's "Ten Roads and Four Fan Zhi". In the late Tang Dynasty, Zhang Read's Xuanluo Zhi recorded the story in its entirety, titled "The Mound of the Righteous Woman". The basic plot of the story is: Yingtai, a woman from the Zhu family in Shangyu, traveled to school in disguise as a man, and attended school with Liang Shanbo, a man who was a member of the Liang Shanbo family. I wish to return first, two years, Shan Bo visit, Fang know it as a woman, told his parents to seek employment, and Zhu has been word of Ma's son carry on. Shan Bo after the Yin order, died of disease, buried in ancient city west. Wish suitable for Ma's, boat over the tomb, the wind and waves can not enter. Asked to know the tomb of Shan Bo. Zhu Den mourn, the ground suddenly cracked and sank, Zhu was buried. Jin Prime Minister Xie An played table his tomb said: righteous woman mound. Feng Menglong of the Ming Dynasty, a collection of short stories, "Ancient and Modern Novels - Li Xiuqing righteousness knot Huang Zhen female" "into the story" lists a few cross-dressing legends also have Liang Zhu story. In addition to being told in the storybook, the legend has also been compiled into an opera. After the playbook and opera re-creation, the anti-feudal significance was increased. The Legend of Liang Zhu is based on real life and has a legendary color, and the tragic ending and the idealized ending reach a harmonious unity. It exposes the evils of feudal arranged marriages and celebrates the purity and freedom of love. The story of Liang Zhu is an important development from the beginning of the female disguise to the later anti-feudal theme. The anti-feudal ideas in the legend have become increasingly strong, and thus more popular with the people.

⑧ Liu Sanjie legend. Chinese Zhuang folklore. According to legend, Guanxi Yishan area in the San River in the San Village, there is a ranking of the third woman of the Liu family name, because the name of Liu Sanjie, Sanjie is a yellow warbler reborn, like to sing songs. She liked to sing mountain songs. Young people from near and far sang songs with her, but no one was able to win. The young man Li Shitian, who was industrious and simple, asked to learn the song from Third Sister. The rich man, Mo Huairen, saw the third sister's beauty and good song, and wanted to take her as a concubine, and hired someone to sing with her, which was defeated by her. At this time, Li Shitian had already learned a good song and often sang with her. Mo Huai Ren had a grudge against her. In the end, she fell into the river. The third sister floated to Liuzhou, and Li Shitian song, sang for three days and three nights, floating away. Later, in Guilin seven star rock song, even sing 7 days and 7 nights, into a pair of yellow warbler fly away.

Liu Sanjie legend fully embodies the Zhuang people's thoughts, aspirations and creative talent. It has reference value to the history of social customs of the peoples of southern China and the study of folklore.

⑨ local legends. Refers to a region of mountains, rivers, scenery and other interpretive legends. The basic feature is: through the vivid storyline, for specific natural or artificial objects, the origin, characteristics, naming reasons, etc., to explain the explanation. It is often a combination of three components: the introduction of the scenery, the story, and the explanation.

China's famous mountains and rivers, famous buildings, local specialties and customs, etc. are vivid legends to explain. Local legends contain a lot of knowledge about specific scenery, mountains and rivers, architecture, specialties, folklore, etc., reflecting the content of social life is also very broad. It expresses the people's arduous struggle to conquer nature and change the appearance of mountains and rivers, as well as the people's bitter life under the oppression of the ruling class and various forms of resistance in the past. The people in the local legend of the people in the scenery to express their own sorrow and happiness, to express their ideals of life, and to affirm the faithful love.

A large number of local legends are created by using marvelous fantasies, supernatural images, and magical changes. It also narrates the real life creation method, fascinating. Local customs and legends are very obvious, many legends are only unique to a certain place, but some stories are widely spread.

Many of the local legends are localized stories of historical and mythological figures, sometimes using allegorical techniques to anthropomorphize the mountains and rivers, or general folklore to a specific local scenery, forming a variety of forms and unique folklore of a variety of characteristics.

⑩ anti-imperialist legends. The Chinese modern against the invasion of the powers of the legend. From 1840 to 1949, China has been repeatedly invaded by the powers, the Chinese people repeatedly anti-aggression war. During this period, the people of the masses produced a lot of opposition to the invasion of the Great Powers as the theme of the legend, collectively known as the anti-imperialist legends.

The anti-imperialist legends can be divided into two categories: the first category is taken directly from the anti-aggression wars. Such as "Boxer's ambition never die", "Commander Yang wisdom to take Tonghua" and so on. The second category does not directly reflect a specific war, but extensively exposes the plundering activities of the invaders. Most of the foreign invaders to steal the treasure as the center of the event, such as the "Golden Phoenix", "can not steal the treasure ship" and so on.

The anti-imperialist legends mainly glorify the heroes of the enemy, including well-known historical figures and the bravery and resourcefulness of the general public, and some stories, although they talk about some kind of physical objects, landscapes, or from a certain war, or even about the battle story of a real person, but the storyline is not all historical facts, the second type of story imagined a greater component. The historical value of such legends lies mainly in the fact that it shows the strong will of the Chinese people to oppose aggression and the spirit of patriotism against foreign enemies.

The legend of the Peasants' Revolt. China's long-term feudal society broke out in a number of peasant uprisings. Some of these large-scale movements have left a profound impact on the masses. And through people's memories and stories, gradually evolved into legends. Such legends in the early stages of its formation, often dependent on real people.

The main content reflected in the legends of the Peasants' Uprising is either based on historical events, focusing on the process of the emergence and growth of the struggle; or based on characters, focusing on the heroic image and character of the uprising leaders or rebel characters; or based on a battle, focusing on the wit, bravery, and tenacity of the insurgent army; or highlighting a matter, focusing on the military-civilian relationship between the insurgent forces and the masses; or reflecting the general masses of the people, the military-civilian relationship; or reflecting the general masses of the people. The first thing that I want to do is to make sure that the people are aware of what is going on in the country and that they are aware of what is going on in the country and that they are aware of what is going on there.

As an oral art creation of the masses, the legend of the Peasants' Uprising does not have a strict scientific history. It is an important literary tool used by the working people to reflect the history of their own revolutionary struggle. Through the hearing, seeing and feeling of many contemporaries, they are often able to make a fairer evaluation of the uprising movement and its leaders, and truly reflect the essence of the society at that time, as well as the people's sufferings and expectations from different aspects of life.

Red Army Legends. Refers to the second domestic revolutionary war period on the Red Army legend. It is an oral creation of the people in the old revolutionary areas. Widely circulated in the old revolutionary bases of Hunan, Guangdong, Gui, E, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, and Jin, Hebei, Luhu and Henan. It takes the magnificent armed revolutionary struggle led by the Chinese ****production party as the background, expresses the agrarian revolution and the struggle life during the Second Domestic Revolutionary War, and enthusiastically praises the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.

Legends of the Red Army, focusing on the revolutionary discipline of the Red Army, the excellent style and the new civil-military relations, reflecting the position of the Red Army in the hearts of the people. The content can be divided into two categories: one shows the people's awareness of the process of the Red Army, implying the people's infinite affection. For example, "Strange Yard" and so on. The other kind of imaginary techniques with the help of legends show the people in the old revolutionary base area's longing for the Red Army and their confidence in the revolution's victory. Such as "Red Star Kettle", "Red Army Hat" and so on. Legends of the Red Army have a clear sense of revolution and a strong revolutionary atmosphere, and their basic theme, in addition to glorifying the Red Army, also glorifies the revolutionary leaders and the struggle of the masses. Legends of the Red Army often use traditional storytelling techniques to give magical power to the legacy of the Red Army. The creators use such artistic imagination to show the firm belief that the people and the revolutionary forces will eventually overcome the counter-revolutionary forces, so that the revolutionary ideology and feelings are integrated with the unique methods of the legends, presenting a combination of revolutionary realism and revolutionary romanticism. As the Red Army legend shows the deep feelings of the people for the revolutionary army, it was also circulated in the later war of resistance against Japan and the war of liberation, and had a great influence.