What are the four great clappers of Shanxi?

Shanxi four big clappers

Shanxi "four big clappers" that is the middle of the clappers (Jin Opera), Puzhou clappers (Pu Opera), the north of the clappers (Yan Opera), Shangdang clappers four representative of the theater.

Middle Road Opera

Jin Opera, formerly known as Middle Road Opera, which was bred in Puzhou Opera to produce a type of theater, at first mainly in the central region of Shanxi Province, that is, in the Qing Dynasty, Taiyuan Province, Fenzhou Province, and the counties under the jurisdiction of the Pingding Prefecture. Later, due to its rapid development, the area of circulation gradually expanded, and the social influence became greater and greater, until it became Jin Opera, the representative play of Shanxi Province theater today.

The more famous Xin Cheng opera groups are: He Sheng Ban of Jiexiu, Wu Yi Yuan of Xugou, Si Sheng He Ban of Taigu, Shuang Qing Yuan of Qixian, Hao Dian Ban of Taiyuan, and Yi Qing Ban of Fenzhou Prefecture, etc. Famous actors include one thousand red, eight hundred red, eight hundred red, and eight hundred red. Famous actors are one thousand red, eight hundred black, Wang Caiyun, clouds cover the moon, the day bright, the rod and mortar red, as well as the drum master Yang Qing, Song Xing'er, zither master Peng Gen only and so on. Frequently staged plays include: "He Shi Bi", "Chessboard Street", "Spring and Autumn Matching", "Poetry of Rescue", "Royal Orchard", "Fisherman's Joy", "Zhao Jia Lou", "Cannon Branding Pillar", "Front Arrowheads", "Jixing Diagrams", "Lake Lok Ma", "Northern Heavenly Gate", "Fiddler's Zither", "Stealing Chickens", "Sweeping the Snow" and the kunqu operas "Cao Poe", "Giving Vice", "Celebration of the Top Pearls", etc. The performers are very good at performing and they are very good at their jobs. Because of the superb performances of the artists, the audience was y impressed, and to this day there is still a saying in Jinzhong, "The Four Happiness Classes are good theater, Bald and Red, Spitting Ugly, and Covering Shaanxi. Ginseng dolls, big mouth ugly, followed by a flag ......" and other proverbs circulated. However, at this time in the middle of the road bangkok, in Shanxi theater is still a branch of the new talent, and the gold and class as the head of the Puzhou bangkok, three Qing class as the head of the Kyoto flower class, Ming Fu class as the head of the south of Jiangnan kunqu class, etc., is still active in the middle of the road area, the formation of a number of plays coexisting, competing for the age of Fenfen Duoyan.

Puzhou Opera:

Puzhou Opera, or "Puzhou Opera" as it is commonly called by the locals, is named after the ancient Puzhou (present-day Yongji) area in Jinnan, Shanxi Province. It is one of the oldest of the four Shanxi clappers, which was formed during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and is mainly popular in Shanxi and parts of Shaanxi, Henan, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and other provinces.

Shanxi Puzhou and Shaanxi Tongzhou (now Dali), Chaoyi, Henan Shanzhou (now Shaanxi County), Lingbao, is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, living in the Yellow River torrent south and folded to the east of the triangle, each other across the river, there has been a long time with the economic, cultural and close interaction, its customs, voice, dialect is also largely the same. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, this area already had the popularity of "messy bomb". Later, the Puzhou Opera and Tongzhou Opera, named after Puzhou and Tongzhou respectively, were two kinds of operas, but they originated from the same place. Their singing styles are similar, and their paths are the same. Although they have developed differently today, the artists in both places call themselves "messy bomb". Kong Shangren in the forty-sixth year of the Kangxi period (1707) "Pingyang bamboo stick lyrics? 6?4 messy bomb lyrics", said Pingyang (now Linfen) messy bomb famous little Dan Kwai Wa "flower clapper" broken step exceptionally outstanding, can be seen at that time the popularity of the south of the Jinnan messy bomb. Tongzhou Opera, originally a Qin opera, in the Qianlong period, Yan Changming wrote in the "Qin Yunying Xiaozheng" that Xianglin, a famous Qin opera singer, crossed the Yellow River to "sell his skills in Puzhou to Taiyuan", which shows that the operas of the Shan and Shaanxi provinces were similar to each other. The artists of Puzhou and Tongzhou have always been in the habit of performing with each other. During the Jiaqing period, there was a "Shan-Shaan class" performing in Beijing, and until the Guangxu and Xuantong periods, Puzhou and Tongzhou artists still sang in the same Bangkok class in Beijing, such as the famous Sousheng Guo Baochen (Yuanyuanhong, Puzhou Bangkok artist) and Bai Changlian (Gaixian, Dan, Tongzhou Bangkok artist) performing the "Whiplash Reed Flower" as a case in point. Therefore, Beijing, Tianjin, Zhili (Hebei) has always been called "Shan-Shan Bangkas". In addition, they also had *** with the group south, in Hubei Xiangyang Laohekou theater experience. The Shan-Shaan clappers have played an important role in the formation of the clapper-type operas in various places.

North Road Opera

North Road Opera is one of the four major operas in Shanxi. Around the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Shan-Shaanxi Opera, which was formed around Tongzhou in Shaanxi Province and Puzhou in Shanxi Province with the Xiqin and clappers as the main accompanying instruments, began to spread and spread to the surrounding areas, and evolved into the northern clapper system with many different branches and a powerful force. The north road of Shan-Shaanxi Opera metamorphosed into a new type of north road operas. This kind of opera, with its impassioned border style, spread in the north of Jin, Inner Mongolia, north of Shaanxi and northwestern Hebei and other vast areas, and was

favored and appreciated by the masses of the people.

The end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, is the formation of the North Road Opera period, the Qing dynasty Qianlong to Xianfeng years for the maturity of the North Road Opera, one is a local fixed class society, such as: Dacheng class, Jixing class, since the Cheng class, Xingshun class, two such as forgetting the class, the three Shunyuan and the old with the celebration of the class and so on. Secondly, there is a relatively rich and complete repertoire, such as: "Dragon and Phoenix Sword" and "Juxian Formation" during the Qianlong period, "Crystal Palace", "Baohong Skirt" and "Lion's Cave" during the Jiaqing period, and "Beauty Figure", "Haunting the Imperial Palace", "Iron Dragon Mountain", "Festival of Loyalty and Righteousness" and "Sun and Moon Figure" after the Daoguang period.

The Qing dynasty Tongzhi to the anti-Japanese war is the heyday of the North Road Opera. During this period, there were many bansha, totaling about one hundred dozens, who were active in the central part of northwest mountains, central and western Inner Mongolia, northwestern Hebei and northernmost Shaanxi, individual bansha farther away from the Kulun (present-day Ulan Bator) and Gansu and other places. Famous artists are as numerous as the stars, and only those who went to Beijing to present their performances and enjoy their fame include "Thirteen Dan" Hou Junshan, "Thirteen Red" Sun Peiting, "Cloud Covering the Moon" Liu Derong, "Covering Seven Provinces" Dong Ruirong, "Thirteen Red" Sun Peiting, "Cloud Covering the Moon" Liu Derong, "Cloud Covering the Moon" Liu Derong, and "Thirteen Red" Sun Puiying. Cover seven provinces," Dong Rui Xi and "days bright", "fish storks", "cover Beijing" and many others, the local celebrities are countless, "sixteen red" Dong Rui Xi and "days bright", "fish storks", "cover Beijing" and so on, the local celebrities are even more. "In 1954, under the care of the Ministry of Culture and provincial leaders, the North Road Opera was revived and established in 1955. In 1954, under the care of the Ministry of Culture and provincial leaders, the North Road Opera Troupe was restored, and the North Road Opera Troupe was established in Xinzhou Prefecture in 1955, and the North Road Opera Troupe was set up one after another in Datong, Baotou, Ningwu, Fengzhen, Wutai, and Yannan areas, and the Opera School was founded in Xinxian, Yannan, relying on the surviving veteran artists, such as Jia Guilin, Wang Yushan, and so on, to discover more than three hundred plays, so that the North Road Opera withered trees and new branches, to regain their youth.

The art of the North Road Opera has a strong foundation, a strong flavor of life, and a fluent language, with which the art of directing on the table emphasizes life, interest, singing, and stunts. The play is divided into five major lines: red, black, raw, Dan and ugly. Among them, the Bearded Sheng, Dahua-face and Qingyi are collectively known as the "Three Great Doors", which emphasize singing; and the Sheng, Dan and Clown are collectively known as the "Three Little Doors", which focus on the table study. The music of the North Road Opera includes three parts, namely, the singing, the song, and the gongs and drums. The main part of the singing for the board changes body bangkang cavity, there are also some for the special theater specialists to sing the Kunqu, blowing cavity, Nanluo, common songs, folk songs and so on. Accompanying instruments, bangkang cavity with a banhu, two strings, three strings, four strings and drums, clappers, horse gongs, water cymbals, gongs, hinges, etc., "kunqu" and so on between the use of suona and flute.

In the north of Jinbei area, there are also Jinbei Daoxiang (a collective name for several major genres in the north of Jinbei area, such as Shenchi Daoxiang, Youyu Daoxiang, Daixian Daoxiang, Yingxian Daoxiang, and so on), Hequ Er Rantai, Juggling Children, Lingqiu Luoluodian, Shuoxian Daiyangge, Guangling Daiyangge, Fanzhi Daiyangge, and other small theater types.

Shangdang Bang Opera

Shangdang Bang Opera is one of the four major operas in Shanxi Province, named after the Shangdang County in the Qin and Han Dynasties, where it was produced and mainly distributed. The local people call it "opera", the Jinnan people call it "Dongfu opera", and the Handan area in Hebei calls it "Xifu tune", "Zezhou tune", and it has also been called "Shangdang opera", which is the most popular opera in Shanxi Province. "

Shangtang Opera is the first opera in the province in 1954, when the first opera observatory performance set the name "Shangdang Bangkok".

Shangdang Bangkok in the past, in addition to the Bangkok class society, but also part of the performance of the Shangdang Kun Opera, Shangdang Luo Luo cavity, the Shangdang roll theater and the Shangdang Pihuang, *** five kinds of voice. Collectively known as "Kun Bang Luo volume yellow". In recent years, Kun, Luo, volume has disappeared from the stage, just to the clappers, some troupes or sing some Pihuang.

Shangdang bangkas singing to plate cavity-based, also used between the song body. The most used in the plate style is [big plate] and [four six], other still have [in the six], [stack plate], etc.; qu plate body singing [leaning on the mountain roar], [a string of bells] and so on. Men and women have the same voice, the same degree and the same key. The tuning is microtonal; in addition to [tight plate] and [mesopanel], all other types of plate in the door, are palace tuning type. Accompanying instruments: the percussion is the strong sound of the big gongs and drums, and the strings are the giant zither, the two handles and the hu hu.

The basic skill of Shangdang Bang Opera is called "Three Handles". It is used in a steady and generous, strong and powerful; shortcomings are foot sinking arm hard, hip protruding, not very beautiful. The performance method is thick lines, big outlines, straight out and in, strong and bright. The most prominent role of the line is played by the sousheng, followed by the jingjiao, qingyi and wu xiaosheng. Shangdang Opera has a rough and healthy artistic character. Steps, stances have simple and ancient characteristics, singing, music, high, euphemistic, lively, rich in song, each type of singing has its own musical instruments and staging repertoire.