How to change the verb form in Japanese, enabling form, and unending form

Organization of Japanese Verb Morphology

1, How to Reduce the Types of Verbs

In Japanese, there is nothing more important than verbs. No matter what kind of textbook you have in your hand, the most important part of the basic grammar is the verb, and you can go to the bookstore and look through several textbooks. And the deformation of Japanese verbs is always the most difficult thing for beginners. So, here's a list of all the different variations of verbs.

The four main categories of verbs, which are categorized according to their endings, are daunting to many learners. One thing I would like to mention here is that the traditional Japanese grammar terms "active", "retroflex", "cis", and so on, are always translated directly in many books or by teachers. I'm afraid this is a headache for some learners. These words do not exist in Chinese, or they do not have the same meaning. For example, "活用" (活用), if you don't know it, you will never realize that it means "word-final deformation". It is also difficult for beginners to guess the meaning of "逆接" and "顺接", which are similar to "转折" and "递进" in Chinese. Fortunately, there are explanations for terms like "body language" and "use of language". One of the terms that I find most frustrating is "adjective verb". Anyone who has studied Japanese knows that it is actually an adjective. But this name is completely incomprehensible to me as to what kind of thinking the namer had in mind when he named it. In terms of nature and meaning, it is undoubtedly an adjective, which has nothing to do with the word "动"; in terms of the richness of morphological variations, not to mention verbs, even adjectives can't compare to it; in fact, it is the same as the variations of a noun (if that can be regarded as a variation of itself), which is not related to the word "动 "in the least. It doesn't even come close to the word "verb". Well, trolling is trolling, and it's a truth for the ages that we have to learn, not they have to beg us to learn, so those who ask can only accommodate their capriciousness. So without further ado, let's see how we can bring down the fear level of the four main categories.

The four main categories are, of course, the five verbs, the one verb, the カ変动词, and the サ変动词

The old Standard Japanese textbooks seem to have categorized them into three main groups. "动1" corresponds to five verbs, "动2" corresponds to one verb, and "动3" is a unified term for か変 and サ変. If you are using the Standard Japanese textbook, please compare it yourself.

Don't look at the fact that it's organized into four categories, but quantitatively, the last two categories have only one verb each, "来る" and "する", so they don't need to be considered as two major categories at all, but rather as two exceptions. So in that case, there are only two major categories. The categories are halved at once. Isn't that a lot less intimidating? Next let's look at the morphing of a five-stage verb and a one-stage verb.

To recommend a skirt, the beginning is one zero eight, the middle is five zero two, the end is eight zero zero four, according to the order of the combination can be found, there are tutorials inside the information you can receive, which every day there are teachers real live teaching, teaching style relaxed humor, and provide professional pronunciation correction counseling, and a group of love of the Japanese language partners, together with the learning progress, the atmosphere of learning is rich, and never! The first thing you need to know is that you're not going to be able to get a good deal on your own, but you're going to need to be able to get a good deal on your own, and you're going to need to be able to get a good deal on your own. First of all, we need to know that Japanese verbs change their endings, not their stems (although some verbs may look as if their stems have changed, but if you dissect them into their phonological units, you'll find that there are still parts that haven't changed). A five-segment verb is nothing more than a verb because five of its word-final morphologies happen to be distributed across all the segments of the 50-sound chart. Therefore, the horizontal and vertical tables of the Isuzu chart are very useful. Let's take Shukaku as an example. First of all, you need to know that the "segments" of the Isuzu map refer to the horizontal columns, and the "rows" refer to the vertical columns. The word ending of its original form is "く", which is on the third and middle segment. The other four endings are distributed in the same row (i.e., the same vertical column). The diagram is shown below.

So, excluding the original form, the other four forms of Shukku are Shukka, Shuki, Shuke, and Shuko.

What we need to note, however, is that the five stanza verbs with the kana "う" at the end of the word are a little bit special. If you are familiar with the Isuyongoku chart, you should know that the kana "う" appears not only in the first line, but also in the very next line, i.e., the line of "わ, い, う, え, を". According to the diagram above, the first transformation is to the line "わ、い、う、え、を", i.e. "わ", and the last transformation is to the first line, which is "お", but not "を". It's because "を" has already been taken over by the auxiliary.

So, if you look at it another way, the five verb changes are actually quite regular. Don't know how to change the angle? Well, you can look at it from a symmetrical point of view. So isn't the original form in the center the axis of symmetry. The remaining four forms form mirror symmetry with the original form as the axis of symmetry. If you're not comfortable with the mirror symmetry of the top and bottom forms, you can always turn the Isuzu Yumoto into a vertical view.

Okay, now let's explain the two names above. The name "Mizukata" is not easy to understand for beginners. In fact, this naming has a literary aspect. In ancient Chinese, "未然" seems to appear from time to time, such as "preventing danger before it occurs", which of course can be considered as a kind of modern residue of the ancient language. The word "未然" also means "not yet happened". So, for the first unchained form in the picture above, it's the equivalent of a negative. Whether you don't intend to eat or you haven't eaten before, the action of eating has not happened. So, you can just intuitively remember it as a negative form. As to why the passive and imperative states are also into the unformed, I really don't know, except to say that maybe they just take negation as their representative. The same applies to the following unmanifested form: when you intend to do something, you don't start doing it, so it doesn't happen; when you presume that something is going to happen, it actually doesn't happen. So, "will" here does not mean the same thing as in Chinese; it does not express a firm will, but just thoughts, intentions, ideas, wishes, and so on. The term "推量" is also a direct translation of a Japanese grammatical term, and some people may wonder why it is "量", where does "测量" or "度量" come from? Where does "measure" or "metric" come from? Don't be a stickler, you can just rename it as "speculation". As long as it helps you understand and memorize it. So, do not fight with the name, some names look high-end foreign style class, in fact, is flashy, not so complicated. I don't know what to say, but I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do it.

So, "connecting form" is also a directly translated name. It means "the form that connects words". So what is a conjugation? It's a collective name for verbs and adjectives that change. The auxiliary verb "ます" also changes, so it can also be categorized as a form of conjugation. And since "ます" is always the first thing you come across when you first learn Japanese, we can call one of the conjugated forms "ます-form", and this renaming is necessary because there is another hideous conjugated form for the five-stage verbs, so the conjugated forms need to be subdivided, and they need to be renamed.

Several other names are as literal and well understood, so I won't go into them.

Before moving on to the next subsection, here's a special case of the negative form in the unitive form of a five-segment verb. The existential verb "ある" only has the unformed form "あら" when it is joined to a more classical negative auxiliary verb like "ぬ", and this form is not joined to "ない". Look at the following example.

(1) DIO "エメラルド? スプラッシュ...なんだ? あらぬ方向を撃ちおって......」(『ジョジョの奇奇妙な冒険17』p77)

The "あらぬdirection" in this example expresses "a direction in which nothing exists" or " A direction that doesn't have any meaning", you can't use "ない" for this kind of usage, "ない" is used directly without adding "あら" in front of it. At this point, 「ない」 is not an auxiliary verb, but an adjective that expresses the meaning of non-existence.

The last thing to watch out for is that there are some idiomatic sentence-like things that will use the regular morphology of the plainly stated five-stage verbs to trick you semantically. For example, "何を隠そう. 実は私もチョムスキーの理论を信じていないのです", the "隠そう" in this sentence looks like the willful form "隠そ" plus the willful auxiliary verb "う" in the unchristian form of the plainly stated five-stage verb "隠す". However, semantically, the sentence does not make sense either as "I don't believe in Chomsky's theories either" or "I don't believe in Chomsky's theories either". So there are all sorts of traps in language, and if you find that they are formally innocent but meaningless, you have to be wary that they may be a disguise for a saying, a proverb, or a common phrase. So the phrase "何を隠そう" here is indeed an idiomatic phrase, which means "to be honest".