Small knowledge of garden design

1. What knowledge do you need to learn in landscape design?

Although I'm not a gardener.

As far as I know,

The most important thing in gardens is design.

Botany is to understand the characteristics of various ornamental plants.

Know how to match well when gardening.

Painting and painting are to cultivate the aesthetic foundation of your gardening.

The ultimate goal of the garden is to design a courtyard, a park and a community.

These are all related to plants and also inseparable from design drawings.

So what you learn is to cultivate your sense of the garden and the knowledge you need when designing the garden.

They are all basic and rich.

Compared with our forestry science

I think the employment in landscape architecture will be better.

Civil servants of the Bureau of Landscape Architecture can enter.

The design institute can enter

The park is easy to reach.

Now the economy is developing rapidly.

Residential areas, units, parks

Need green design, landscape design.

Including the landscape configuration of plants, can also be done.

So I think it is still very rich.

If you draw a garden sketch,

The most important thing is design.

The novelty and uniqueness of the design are very popular.

Look at the books on Chinese and western garden design.

There are many pictures to inspire.

Floriculture, garden trees, study well.

You should study plants and painting design.

This is your major.

What else is Marxist philosophy and economics?

There are also elective courses that have nothing to do with your major

You can be less serious.

Of course I have to say yes.

Learn English well, too

Maybe I will go abroad in the future.

These things are very developed abroad.

2. Learn the basic knowledge of landscape design.

It is also very complicated to learn (as long as you can draw and write). The meaning, furnishings, setting and planning of landscape design "setting"; The meaning, strategy and strategy of "scheming".

Landscape design is a process of using landscape art and engineering technology to create a beautiful natural environment, living and entertainment environment by transforming the terrain (or further building mountains, stacking rocks and managing water), planting flowers and trees, building buildings and arranging garden roads within a certain geographical scope. Landscape design involves a wide range of knowledge, including literature, art, biology, ecology, engineering, architecture and many other fields. At the same time, it is required to integrate the knowledge of various disciplines into landscape art.

Therefore, landscape design is a subject that studies how to deal with the complex relationship between nature, architecture and human activities through artistic and technical means, so as to achieve a harmonious, perfect, ecologically sound and picturesque realm. The research contents of landscape design course include landscape design principles, landscape design layout, landscape design procedures, landscape design drawings and explanations.

This course also includes the design of comprehensive parks, botanical gardens, zoos, forest parks, scenic spots and scenic spots. The ultimate goal of landscape design is to create a picturesque, comfortable, healthy and civilized leisure environment.

On the one hand, gardens are space arts that reflect social ideology, and gardens should meet the needs of people's spiritual civilization; On the other hand, gardens are the material welfare of society and the scene of real life. Therefore, it is necessary to meet the needs of people's material civilization for good rest and entertainment. The principle of garden design is to design with high starting point and high standard, and to create an ultra-high-grade home living environment.

1, emphasizing the interactive relationship between design and service awareness, we hope that applause will come from the trust and satisfaction of users. 2. The duty of design is to create characteristics, just as everyone expresses his unique personality through his appearance, handwriting or way of speaking, so does garden landscape.

3. Pay attention to the study of regional humanities and natural characteristics, and take it as the source of landscape form or language and content innovation. 4. The comfort of environment and people depends on the balance of diversity and unity. The demand of humanization brings the diversity of landscape and the difference of spatial personalization, but they are not completely isolated. They should be integrated into the overall order of the landscape as much as possible when designing.

Eight Taboos in Garden Design: 1. Don't pursue high-grade, luxurious, far away from nature and go against nature. Second, do not blindly imitate, copy, lack of personality.

Third, avoid the lack of humanistic care and ignore people's needs. Fourth, avoid focusing only on visual grandeur, style, nobility and grand formal beauty, regardless of project investment and future management costs.

Fifth, avoid ignoring the harmony and unity with the local environment and destroying the overall ecological environment. Sixth, avoid the random configuration of garden plants.

7. Avoid paying attention to only one plant and ignoring the diversity of garden plant configuration. Eight, avoid only indicating the types of garden plants, not clear about the specific varieties and specifications.

[Edit this paragraph] The concept of garden design is closely related to China traditional culture, which embodies the spiritual connotation of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in traditional culture and expresses the meaning of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Taking Suzhou Gardens as the representative, the garden design pays attention to various skills, and the overall concept is consistent, that is, the harmony between man and the environment.

In this concept, China traditional culture has a special knowledge to study, namely "Feng Shui". Because of modern radical cultural concepts, modern people abandon the traditional "Feng Shui".

Although Feng Shui has a lot of dross, it also retains a lot of useful content. We should look at the problem from a dialectical perspective, rather than blindly denying it. [Edit this paragraph] Zhao is a master of landscape design in China and an outstanding master of landscape design in China. Because of his unique and outstanding views in the fields of landscape design, landscaping and other architectural arts, he is called the China native who has the most thorough understanding of plant nature after Li Shizhen. 200 1 was hired as an honorary professor by Taiwan Province Provincial University, and was hired as a visiting professor by Princeton University in the United States in 2006, and was praised as the first person in China's landscape geomantic omen.

China's urban construction and environmental construction are advancing at an unprecedented high speed, and the upsurge of landscape design has appeared all over the country. With the pace of reform and opening up, garden construction has become an important part of urban construction.

The demand for landscape designers is increasing. At present, there are tens of thousands of designers engaged in landscape design, mainly distributed in major cities in China, especially Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Chongqing.

The work field of landscape designers involves many elements of environmental landscape construction, which requires employees to have good working quality. Its professional core is landscape and landscape architecture planning and design, and its professional knowledge includes urban planning, ecology, environmental art, architecture, landscape engineering, botany and so on.

For a long time, landscape design has been included in many professional designs, such as planning design, architectural design, landscape design, etc., and the qualifications of personnel engaged in landscape design are uneven, which affects the improvement of landscape construction quality. Standardizing the professional standards of landscape design will promote the development of landscape construction in China, shorten the gap between urban construction in China and international urban construction, and enhance the starting point of international exchange of Chinese designers.

Landscape architects can adapt to a wide range of employment fields and participate in the whole process of landscape construction. Landscape Design | Working Mode Domain (1) Urban and regional planning: that is, regional landscape design is to comb and design its water system, mountains, green space system and transportation on a regional scale of one million square kilometers; (2) Urban design: the city needs people to design, and its public space, open space, green space and water system define the form of the city; (3) Planning of scenic spots: including the planning and design of scenic spots, natural sites and historical and cultural heritage sites; (4) Urban and regional ecological infrastructure planning: Nature, such as wetlands and forests, people also need to design them; (5) Planning and design of comprehensive real estate development projects; (6) Design of campus, science park and park; (7) Planning and design of gardens, parks and green space systems; .

3. What knowledge does a landscape architect need?

Garden designer

Career overview:

China gardens are famous for their unique oriental charm, and the oriental artistic conception composed of pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, inscriptions, plaques, couplets, inscriptions, inscriptions and calligraphy and painting is beautiful. Gardens in Japan, France and other countries also have their own characteristics. The job of landscape designers is to integrate landscape culture with fashionable architecture according to needs. Especially in the situation that many cities in China strive for garden cities and ecological cities, landscape designers will have a broader development space.

Work content:

According to the basic drawings, garden design requirements, site reconnaissance and other preliminary data, the design ideas and preliminary rules are put forward; Plan after determining the preliminary rules; Make the planning scheme concrete and practical, and make the design drawings and descriptions of the completed project.

Professional requirements:

Education and Training: Bachelor degree or above in landscape architecture, horticulture or related major. Bachelor degree or above in horticulture design, forestry and architecture is required, and relevant certificates (books) are required, such as special certificates for the construction engineer, project manager, budget officer and other industries. Work experience: at least two years relevant work experience; Able to independently complete small and medium-sized landscape design scheme and construction drawing design; Proficient in operating AUTOCAD, 3DMAX, PHOTOSHOP and other software; Have a certain understanding of the project price system and site; Strong working ability and sense of responsibility.

Salary quotation:

Average monthly salary 1500- 10000 yuan. The average monthly salary of the chief landscape architect in China is about 5,500 yuan. The average monthly salary in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen is about 6000 yuan. A skilled landscape designer, with an annual salary of more than 80,000.

Career development path:

Landscape architect is a high-tech and skilled professional who can engage in the planning, design, construction, breeding, cultivation, maintenance and management of landscape plants in scenic spots, forest parks and urban green spaces in urban construction, gardens, forestry, tourism departments, landscape plants and flower enterprises.

Landscape Design and Traditional Culture In 2004, the National Housing and Living Environment Engineering Center issued the Technical Essentials of Healthy Housing in 2004, which clearly pointed out: "residential feng shui, as a cultural heritage, has a far-reaching impact on people's consciousness and behavior. It contains both scientific and superstitious elements. Looking at the theory of Feng Shui from a dialectical point of view and correctly understanding the consistency and contradiction between residential feng shui and modern living concepts are conducive to absorbing its essence, abandoning its dross, emphasizing the harmonious unity between man and nature, paying attention to the overall relationship between living and nature and environment, and enriching the ecological, cultural and psychological connotation of healthy houses. " It should be said that learning landscape design should pay more attention to and learn some traditional related knowledge, such as Feng Shui.

China famous landscape architect

Zhao is a famous landscaping expert in China, who combines landscaping with Yi-ology and Feng Shui. He is an internationally renowned master of Yi-ology, the 14th generation descendant of Yuanji Gate in Wudang Mountain, and a Taoist in Nanshan. Because of his unique and outstanding views in the fields of landscape design, gardening and other architectural arts, he is known as a China native who has the most thorough understanding of plant properties after Li Shizhen, and was hired by Taiwan Province Provincial University 200 1.

Training objectives

The training goal of landscape architecture design major: to cultivate professionals in landscape architecture science and application who are all-round developed morally, intellectually and physically, have systematic theoretical basis, basic knowledge and practical skills, have certain theoretical research, applied research, scientific and technological development and management capabilities, and can meet the needs of landscape architecture science, economic society and urban construction and development. Graduates can go to urban planning, urban construction, gardens, scenic spots, tourism, forestry, environmental protection and other departments as well as factories, mines, flower and tree enterprises to engage in applied research, scientific and technological development, production technology and management of gardens and gardens. Some graduates can go to relevant institutions to study for master's degrees in landscape science and related disciplines.

main course

Sketch, color, sketch, plane composition, color composition, China traditional morality. Soil Science, Landscape Painting Techniques, landscape sketch, Floriculture, Garden Tree Science, Garden Plant Breeding, Garden Plant Cultivation, Garden Pest Control, Garden Engineering, Garden Planning and Design, Garden Green Space Planning and Design Elective Courses. Art observation, photography, calligraphy, literature, introduction to economic law, garden observation in various countries.

4. Some common sense of landscape architecture specialty

The general construction steps of on-site molding are: 1, building skeleton structure.

Skeleton structure includes brick structure, steel frame structure and their mixed structure. Brick structure is simple and economical, and steel frame cantilever should be used in the parts with large mountain shape change.

The skeleton structure of waterfalls, active springs and reserved green holes in the mountains should be waterproof. 2. Mud bottom molding.

Plasticity mortar made of cement, yellow mud and river sand is molded on the completed skeleton and processed repeatedly, so that the shape, texture, plastic body and surface description are basically close to the model. 3. Plastic surface.

The texture, color, texture and surface features of the stone are carefully carved on the surface of the plastic body. According to the design requirements, stone powder and colored powder are mixed with white cement or ordinary gouache in a proper proportion to make mortar, which is treated by rough, smooth and napping plastic surface processes.

Texture modeling, generally speaking, rocks with straight lines as the main part and horizontal lines as the auxiliary part can show a steep posture; Rocks with horizontal stripes as the main and vertical stripes as the auxiliary can show a more natural and unrestrained image; Rocks with rich patterns can show profound and magnificent features. In order to enhance the natural realism of the rock scene, in addition to the description of the texture, the natural characteristics of the rock, such as cracks, holes, holes, rot, cracks, faults and displacements, should be dealt with in detail.

Generally speaking, texture description should be summarized and concise by means of "meaning pen"; Natural features should be handled with care. 4. color.

When the water on the plastic surface is not completely dry, mix the basic color with pigment powder and cement, add water, and spray dye layer by layer. Sprinkle a little darker color on the slit hole or the internal corner. When the plastic surface is 90% dry, sprinkle a little green, black or white spots with different sizes and densities on the depression to enhance the three-dimensional sense and natural feeling.

5. The method of embedding stones with stones or imitation stones to form a natural exposed rock landscape. The placement of stones can also be combined with their practical functions, such as soil conservation, slope protection and being used as planting beds or devices to decorate landscape garden space.

Stone inlay can embody a deeper artistic conception in a simple form, and achieve the artistic effect of "inch stone gives birth to love". Gong Yu records that there are "strange stones" in the tribute payable in Taishan Valley.

"Southern History" contains: "Irrigation is near Huaishui. There is a strange stone in the mountain pond before lent, which is ten feet and six feet long. "

This is the beginning of putting stones in history books. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty contains: "Letian won the first stone in Tianzhu when it stopped the secretariat in Hangzhou" and "Five stones in Taihu Lake when it stopped the secretariat in Suzhou".

Stone fetishism prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River were also inlaid with stones.

There are sixty-five stone statues of Xuanhe in the Stone Story of Suyuan compiled and painted by Lin in Ming Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, stones were placed more widely in gardens, and there was a saying that "there is no garden without stones".

The existing famous stones in the south of the Yangtze River include Ruiyunfeng in Suzhou Weaving Institute (now Suzhou No.10 Middle School) in Qing Dynasty, Yundingfeng in Liuyuan, Yulinglong in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden and rugged Yunfeng in Hangzhou Garden. The oldest stone is the "Song Ting" stone bed in Huishan, Wuxi, which is engraved with the word "Song Ting" by Li, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. There are many kinds of stone inlays in gardens: 1, special inlays.

Jiangnan, also known as narcissism, is also known as "Mo Lifeng", which is made of huge stones with peculiar shapes, special textures and colors. It is often used as a barrier to the garden entrance and as a contrast point for landscapes, leaky windows or basements.

This kind of stone can also be placed in the gallery, under the pavilion and by the water as the landscape center of local space. Such as the "Green Show" in the Summer Palace in Beijing, stalactites, coral stones and wood fossils in the imperial garden of the Forbidden City.

Special settings can also be small and large, not all of which are full peaks. 2, opposite.

The two rocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the building to contrast the environment and enrich the scenery. Such as Fangshan stone in Beijing Keyuan.

3. Dispersion. Also known as scattered points, that is, the practice of "saving three and gathering five".

It is often used to decorate the inner courtyard or spread on the hillside as slope protection. Scattering can be divided into large scattering points and small scattering points according to different volumes. Fangshan stone is used as a large scattered point on the west side of the piedmont of Qionghua Island in Beihai, Beijing, which not only slows down the erosion of the ground, but also adds a strange rugged trend to the earth mountain.

Sporadic spots, such as the practice near the pavilion of "pine and cypress meet green" in Zhongshan Park in Beijing, appear to be deeply buried and shallow, intermittent, scattered and gathered, and the context is obscure. 4. Rock collection.

In order to increase the natural scenery of gardens, stones are often used as stone screens, stone fences, stone tables, stone benches, stone beds and so on. The stone benches in the "Yannanxun" pavilion on Qionghua Island in Beihai and the stone beds in nearby caves all add artistic charm to the garden scenery.

5. Rock terraces. Setting stone platforms, relatively lowering the groundwater level, arranging suitable viewing height and arranging garden space will make flowers, trees and rocks present poetic and picturesque pictures that complement each other.

Gardens often use rocks as flower stands and plant ornamental plants such as peony, peony, red maple, bamboo and southern Tianzhu. The layout of flower stands should be reasonable, properly absorb the method of "wide and easy to move, inaccurate density" in seal cutting, and adopt the layout methods of occupying edges, holding corners, giving way to the heart and staggering. So that it has the contrast changes of retraction, brightness, distance, fluctuation and so on.

For individual flower stands, there are twists and turns in the plane, big bends and small bends, and the curvature and spacing are all changing. If the dike with natural extension is adopted, the elevation requires height, level and real change.

There are high peak stones on the platform and low exposed rocks on the ground. This is how the peony terrace in the south of the "Hanbishan Room" in Suzhou Lingering Garden is arranged.

6. Combination of stone placement and landscape architecture. For example, holding and fixing the angle is to reduce the dull feeling of the corners and increase the natural and vivid atmosphere.

Put a stone in the outer corner, called holding the corner; Putting a stone in the inner corner is called inlaying. The steps at the entrance of a building are often made of natural rocks, which are called "flat waves" in Wenming Zhenheng's Chronicle of Long History. There are stones on both sides, the main stone is called "squatting" and the guest stone is called "matching".

7. Plastic stone. In areas where stones are not produced, plastic stones made of mortar or reinforced concrete have been used in modern times.

This method can be freely modeled and is not limited by the shape of natural stone, but its storage life is short and its color quality is not as good as that of natural stone. 6. Water control originally refers to the waterscape treatment of traditional gardens in China, but now it generally refers to the waterscape treatment in various gardens.

In the traditional natural landscape gardens in China, water and mountains are equally important. Combining different types of water with rocks, flowers and trees and garden buildings is a traditional gardening method in China and an important part of garden engineering. Water is flowing and amorphous, which is in sharp contrast with the steadiness and fixity of mountains.

The sky and clouds in the water and the reflection of the surrounding scenery, the blue waves swimming in the water, lotus water lilies and so on. Make the landscape vivid, so.

After reading these 23 landscape design tips, you will know how to get there.

Landscape design involves aesthetics, humanities, greening, geomantic omen and other knowledge. General architecture is hardware, greening is software, waterscape is network, and sketch is node. In order to achieve beautiful and practical results, some details and appropriate adjustments in the design process will add luster to the overall design! 1, be a garden, not a mountain forest (be an exquisite artificial garden, not a wild mountain forest landscape) 2. There are not many hard scenes, just right; There are not many waterscapes, just embellishments; Soft scenery is the most, and it is not good without it.

Trees surround the house, and the house is shaded by trees. 4. The terrain should be undulating and the planting should be layered.

5. Only do three-dimensional landscape, not plane garden (the importance of topography lies not in the plane composition, but in the external space with topography) 6. A lake of 3,000 square meters and a stream of 300 meters (a pool of 3,000 square meters can achieve operational balance, and streams are the form with the highest marketing value in landscape water bodies, so it is advisable to do more). 7. Fountains and waterfalls are expensive to maintain, so just decorate them. The maintenance of lakes and streams is low, and it is no problem to have more.

8. The exhibition area is small and refined, and the living area is large and simple (exhibition area and design ideas). 9. The marketing route is unbeaten, and trees are planted in the living area (the importance of rendering the atmosphere and emotions in the exhibition area). 10, the road is under the tree, and people walk under the tree (the sidewalk is shaded, and the image tree species are determined as signs). 1 1. The sketch is interesting (considering humanization and comfort) 12. When you are tired, you can have a place to sit and have something to see (the relationship between the position of the rest seat and the landscape) 13. The sidewalk can't go straight (reducing the danger of scooter walking too fast at the same speed) 14. 15, Pavilion Bridge is indispensable. Used in scenic spots, exquisite in shape and strict in scrutiny.

16, there should be enough space for the elderly and children. 17, tall deciduous trees, low evergreen shrubs, lawn flowers.

18, the spheres are in groups of three or five and cannot be dispersed; Shrub color separation into bands, not messy; Lawn integration group, not less. 19, attention must be paid to plant feng shui, the entrance should not be white, and trees should not be washed in front of the door.

20. The waterscape design is flexible and changeable, and the cold and summer seasons are considered as a whole, and the landscape can be achieved with or without water. 2 1, you can't just look at the water features, you can go into the water; Not too deep.

22, paving materials as far as possible permeable, special-shaped cutting as far as possible to avoid. 23. Use less stones and less wood.

6. What do you know about landscape design?

Landscape design is a process of landscape creation by using landscape elements such as topography, water, plants and buildings. Therefore, to learn the course of landscape design well, we must first master the basic characteristics and treatment methods of various elements that constitute the landscape. On this basis, under the guidance of the principle of formal beauty, various landscape selection methods are used to create unique scenic spots and scenic spots, and then these scenic spots and scenic spots are skillfully combined according to certain artistic laws, and finally a complete and beautiful landscape picture is formed.

Step reading

Steps/methods

& gt0 1 1. Terrain: Terrain is the most basic element of garden space and the carrier of other elements. Just like paper in painting (canvas in oil painting), stage in theater and screen in movie, it plays an important role in composing garden landscape. If the terrain is not handled properly in a landscape creation, the loss will be huge and irreparable. Therefore, it can be said that the success of terrain processing will determine the success or failure of landscape creation.

& gt022. Water bodies: The forms of water bodies in nature mainly include rivers, lakes, streams, creeks, waterfalls and springs.

The waterscape design in gardens is also carried out by imitating the form of water in nature. Usually, both mountains and water are considered in landscape design to form a landscape picture surrounded by mountains and rivers. Because the elevation of the mountain is in contrast with the plane of the water, and the entity of the mountain is in contrast with the imaginary body of the water, the changes in the height of the harbor, zhoutou and island between the mountain and the water can form a profound picture, so the mountain becomes alive in the circulation of water, which is what most people say. In addition, water bodies are often combined with buildings to form a wonderful landscape. As usual, pavilions, pavilions, corridors and terraces stand by the water, which can not only form a reflection with the help of the water surface, but also provide visitors with a place to get close to the water and have a rest and enjoy the cool. As for the bridge over the water, it can make the water closely connected and facilitate traffic. Building a dike on the water surface and building a bridge on the dike can not only separate the water surface, but also form a contrast effect of opening and closing. The basic forms of water bodies in gardens mainly include pools, streams, waterfalls and fountains. Natural swimming pools require natural twists and turns on the shore. To make the curve natural, it is necessary to make each convex-concave curve have different radii and different lengths, and avoid trivial small twists and turns and twists and turns with the same radius. And there can be no straight line in the twists and turns. The size of the water surface is in direct proportion to the area of the whole park. If the water surface is too large, it will reduce the area of tourists' land activities. If the water surface is too small, it will not play its due role.

& gt033. Plants: Plants are the protagonists in gardens. They have the engineering functions of shading, reducing noise and preventing soil erosion, as well as the climate conversion function of changing temperature, humidity and wind speed. In particular, they have the architectural function of creating various spaces and the aesthetic function of giving people a sense of beauty and enjoyment. It is precisely because of the above functions that people will feel cool, moist, clean, quiet, comfortable and happy when they live in a green plant environment. The task of landscape designers is to improve and create their artistic effects under the premise of giving full play to these functions, so as to combine the two to form a beautiful and moving landscape.

& gt044. Architecture: Although the landscape architecture in modern gardens can't be compared with mountains, water and plants in terms of floor space, it still plays an important role in composing the landscape. Garden architecture has both use function and ornamental function in the garden. Therefore, in its layout, structure and modeling, it should not only meet the needs of people's rest, entertainment and service, but also be in harmony with the environment, with novel modeling and certain interest.