Seek the names of ancient military equipment in China (the more the better)

Knife first. Knife is an ancient single-edged combat weapon, used for chopping. Consists of a knife body and a handle. The blade of the knife is long and narrow, and the handle is divided into short handle and long handle. The appearance of ancient knives in China originated from the Neolithic Age, mainly stone knives, supplemented by bone knives. The earliest existing bronze knife was found in Majiayao, Dongxiang, Gansu Province, 5000 years ago. There are more and more copper knives in Shang dynasty, generally with smaller blades, such as straight handle knives, animal head knives and long knives. From the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the shape of the knife changed little, but it was very popular in the northern grassland minority areas, with a large number of unearthed artifacts, and the bronze smelting and casting technology and manufacturing technology reached a fairly high level. Knife developed greatly in the Western Han Dynasty, and the most representative one is the ring-head knife (also called ring-handle knife), which is generally made of steel with straight back, straight blade, thick back, narrow ring handle and slender shape. The knife in Han dynasty is about one meter long. Ring knives were used until the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Ruan Jia Dao also existed in Han Dynasty. It is said that Master Ruan's knife is "empty, with the sum of fire and water, five fine pottery." Use yin and yang, take the sum of rigidity and softness ",and do it for three years 1770 knife. During the Northern Qi Dynasty, the casting method created by the Jin Dynasty was developed, and the famous cast iron knife was made by combining pig iron and wrought iron into steel. This knife is soft and firm, durable, and can "cut more than 30 nails". During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, horizontal knives and strange knives were widely used in the army, and they were equipped with double-ear scabbard. The horizontal knife is also called sabre and short handle. Mo Dao, also known as Paidao, is a long-handled double-edged knife, about three meters long, which was mainly popular in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The northern song dynasty began to appear, and the hand knife that has been used in later generations has a wide blade, an upturned blade and a hand guard on the handle. In addition, in the Song Dynasty's "Wu Yao", many kinds of knives were introduced, such as falling knife, covering the moon knife, halberd knife and so on. The appearance of firearms gradually weakened the power of knives in the war, so the number of knives used in actual combat began to decrease after the Song Dynasty. In Ming and Qing dynasties, broadsword was no longer used as an effective offensive weapon except cavalry, but also as a symbol of self-defense and power level.

A gun is a weapon with a pointed handle. Another name of the gun is "Shoulder II", and Qing Louis: "Slang for the Jian Army of the King of Shu, the gun is called" Shoulder II "." The gun is also called' a Zhang Wei' and' things are different': "Emperor Yang Di changed the name of the gun to a Zhang Wei." The history of guns can be traced back to primitive society. The original pike just sharpened the club head. Popular Literature: "Cutting wood hurts and stealing guns." Guns in the Han Dynasty are shaped like spears, mostly long wooden poles or bamboo poles, with sharp spear heads and spear tassels. According to legend, the wooden handle gun made by Zhuge Liang is as long as two feet (about 6. 7 meters) and two feet and five feet (about 8.3 meters) long bamboo guns. "Choose pike method. On the Long Spear: "The name of the gun is the eight spears of ancient times." The length of pike for different purposes is not equal. The guns used in car fighting and riding fighting are obviously long, the guns used in step fighting are obviously short, the guns used in guarding cities and villages are obviously long, and the guns used in attack are obviously short. Long guns can reach more than eight meters, and short guns can reach as much as 1.3 meters. The iron gun used by Li Quan in the Song Dynasty was seven or eight feet (2.3-2.6 meters) long and weighed about 20 kilograms (from Qidong dialect). "Wu Ji" records: "Sha Jun's pole is eight to twenty-four feet long" and "Jing Yanmu's gun is nine feet and seven inches long". People who practice martial arts in later generations usually take "Zhang Ba Da Gun", "Seven-foot Flower Gun" and "Six-foot Double Gun" as the standard. There are many kinds of guns. In the Song Dynasty, there were double hook guns, single hook guns, cone guns, grab guns, ring guns, flat wooden guns and revolvers. In the Qing Dynasty, there were snake guns, flame guns, crochet guns, tiger tooth guns, Yanling guns and cross sickle guns. Guns were the most popular in the Song and Ming Dynasties, creating various styles and uses of guns, which were widely used in infantry and cavalry.

The halberd first appeared in the early Shang Dynasty (about16th century BC to13rd century BC). Originally made of bronze, it was only at the end of the Warring States period that iron gradually replaced bronze. The halberd was an extremely important weapon in ancient China during the Warring States Period. Mostly used in chariots, the most popular period is the Western Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties. The History of the Three Kingdoms: "Lu Bu ordered Tian Fang to paint a halberd ..." After the Jin Dynasty, halberd was gradually eliminated from the war stage. By the Tang Dynasty, halberds had been used as ceremonial articles. According to the style and size, halberds are divided into square halberds, dragon halberds, hook halberds, double halberds, short halberds and other long weapons. The halberd consists of five parts: front, back, Hu, inner and back. "The halberd has three fronts and two blades, four and a half inches in length, six inches in length and seven and a half inches in length. The three fronts are straight and shorter than Hu, and the words are square and cut, and the straight ones are also cut. The halberd and the mustache cross it, and the hook plate moves out of the middle of the mustache, with a handle of one foot six feet. " "Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji": "The halberd is half an inch wide, which is the second, fourth and fifth." The auxiliary use methods of halberd include shoveling, chopping back, transverse stabbing, chopping down, oblique twisting and so on. With Hu Zhifa, there are horizontal cutting and cutting. The internal methods include anti-detachment, flat hook, nail wall, turn thorn and so on. The methods of using the front are passing, picking and splitting.

Axe axe is an ancient weapon. Axe is also known as Qi, Fear, Gold and Discus. Because of the different styles and uses of shafts, they have different names. But the general style is basically the same, with a fan-shaped blade on one side, a rectangle on the other side and a wooden handle on the lower part. The usage of axe is: pick, block, frame, square, cut, wipe, stab, etc. As early as the Paleolithic Age, stone axes for farming and hunting appeared. In the Neolithic Age, axes were oval, flat and trapezoidal. The stone axe has holes for swinging. In Shang dynasty, due to the invention of copper smelting, a large number of bronze axes became one of the main weapons of the army. During this period, the Shang Dynasty also made bronze and iron axes. In the Zhou dynasty, the axe gradually retreated to the secondary weapon in the army at that time, and it was mostly used as an ornament or a symbol of rights or a device of torture for beheading. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, axes became popular in the vast minority areas. In the Qin and Han dynasties, the form of war changed greatly, and riding and stepping became the main forms of warfare at that time. Due to the development of iron manufacturing industry, the quality and weight of iron axe have been greatly improved, which has great lethality, so it is used as one of the main battle weapons by the army. In the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the representative styles of axe were phoenix head axe and dragon axe. The blade of the axe is thickened and the handle is shortened, so the chopping effect of this kind of axe is quite high. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the sentence "Holding an axe to help the three armed forces, frost opens the north gate of heaven" in his poem "To Zhao Taishou Rui in Xuancheng". According to Biography of Li in Old Tang Dynasty, in the 15th year of Tianbao of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 756), Li attacked An Lushan Temple, with 3,000 infantry and armed with knives and axes, and won a great victory. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, axes were still used on the battlefield. In the 10th year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 140), General Tu Shu, a nomadic people, led more than 15,000 soldiers to ride to Yancheng, and the famous Yue, with an axe and a knife in both hands, chopped the enemy, chopped off the horseshoe and crushed the nomadic people from below. Jin Yan general Hong Tushu admitted at that time that "when using military weapons in the Song Dynasty, the big one was just an arm bow, and the second one was a heavy axe, so it didn't matter outside" (from Zheng Zhu). At that time, the tomahawk used in Song Jun included axe, phoenix-headed axe and crescent axe. The tomahawk used by Mongolian soldiers in Yuan Dynasty included anchor axe and sickle axe. In the Ming Dynasty, there were Japanese axe, mountain axe, invincible axe, static swallow axe and dragon axe. Its style is similar to that of the Song axe. In the Qing Dynasty, axes were classified into ten types of military equipment, and the Eighth Riding Camp was equipped with round-edged axes and straight-edged axes. Green camp is equipped with a long-handled axe with a handle of four feet and a short axe with a handle of one foot six inches. In addition, each double axe weighs only one catty. The handle of the double axe is only over a foot long, and its blade is very small. Convenient to carry and flexible to use, it is very popular among soldiers.

Sword is a weapon used for stabbing and fighting in ancient times. Also known as direct soldiers. Generally straight, sharp and double-edged. It consists of a head (mostly round), a handle, a lattice and a body, most of which are equipped with sheaths. Sword, like knife, is the most commonly used cold weapon, so there are many unearthed weapons, including long sword, short sword, giant sword, sabre, curved sword, pregnant sword, triangular sword, stabbing sword and splitting sword. The materials used to make swords are mostly bronze and steel, as well as exquisite inlaid swords, gilded swords and jade swords. In China, the sword originated from the nomadic people in the northern grassland of Shang Dynasty. The common one is the bronze sword with crank. From Shang Dynasty to Western Zhou Dynasty, swords popular in northern grassland areas were unearthed in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins. These swords are mainly used for stabbing, and the length of the sword is very short, generally about 30 cm. They are worn around, mainly for defense. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the production and use of swords almost reached its peak, especially in wuyue, where a number of precious famous swords handed down from generation to generation appeared, such as "Gou Jian, the King of Yue" (unearthed from No.1 Chu Tomb in Wangshan, Jiangling, Hubei Province), "Famous Sentences of the King of Yue", "Fu Cha, the King of Wu" (unearthed in Huixian, Henan Province) and "Wang Guang" (unearthed in Nanling County, Anhui Province). Iron swords were also used in the Warring States period, and the forging technology reached a high level. The sword developed from short and thick to slender, with the longest exceeding 1 meter. During the Western Han Dynasty, swords were very popular. Steel swords have accounted for a large proportion, but there are still a few bronze swords. Jade swords are also very popular, especially those unearthed from the tomb of Nanyue King in the Western Han Dynasty. The swords of this period were very practical except for decoration, fine workmanship and few carvings. The manufacture of Jian in Qin dynasty began to decrease, and it was basically no longer used in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, sword-wielding was particularly popular. "Sui Shu. "Book of Rites" contains: "Yipin, jade belt sword, Peishan Xuan Yu. Second, Jin Jian matches water with jade. The third product and the founding son, the fifth product, although the bulk product name is four or five products, and the silver knife Yu Pei, the waiter has been off, the straight lang has been up, accompanied by the sword. Those who hold the sword straight enter the ancestral temple and climb the temple. If they are in battle, they will untie their swords. Yipin, like the heroes of the three armed forces and the founding of the country, is very admired. Second-class, third-class, son of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and fifth-class commodities are all only admired. " The sword in Tang Dynasty was regarded as an ornament by literati. Always express your lofty aspirations or show your courage and heroism. For example, Li Bai, a great poet, practiced sword as a teenager. At the age of 25, he "brought a sword to serve the country and left his relatives to travel far." Du Fu said: "The candle is short when reading, and the cup is long when reading the sword." . Wang Wei's swordsmanship poems, such as "Fighting a thousand miles alone, moving a million divisions with one sword", are left to future generations. Everyone knows that the straight-edged weapon in the Tang Dynasty is called "Tang Yaodao", from which we can see that the sword is no longer used as a practical weapon in the Tang Dynasty. From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the sword in the army was only used as a symbol of decoration or leadership, but the difference is that the sword frequently mentioned in martial arts novels was widely used among the people, especially the Taoist "seven-star" sword and "hanging symbols to kill demons" sword, which had obvious characteristics.

It is also one of the ancient weapons or martial arts instruments. The origin of graupel can be traced back to the Paleolithic Age, when people made tools with one or more blades from natural stones, and the formation of graupel and axe belonged to the same era. In Shang Dynasty, bronze axes were mass-produced as one of the main weapons of the army. Later dynasties were widely used by the army. "The Scholars": "Yes, too." Cymbals are also used for ritual purposes. The scripture says, "The king can't be excused from the gold ornaments. The left staff thought it was a utensil. " The style of the graupel is the same as that of the axe, but it is bigger than the axe. The graupel is one-third bigger than an axe, and the rod is one and a half feet long. There is a drill bit at the end of the rod. The graupel has a short spear protruding from the axe, which is about six inches long. Make the graupel method combine the axe, spear and gun into one. In addition to using axe, spear and gun drill, there are four methods: stabbing, poking, pointing and chasing. There are long-rod cymbals and short-rod cymbals, such as the meridian mandarin duck cymbals used by the Eight Diagrams Palm Boxing School, which are short and double weapons.

Hook, one of the ancient weapons. It evolved from Ge. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the hook was used with Ge and Ji. "Hanshu Yanshou Biography" records: "Yanshou also takes official bronzes, and the eclipse is cast into knives, swords and hooks." Yan Shigu's Note: "Hook is also a weapon, and its usage includes hook, thread, spoon, belt, grip, pick, stab, planing, hanging, pushing, frame and so on. During the drill, there were ups and downs like waves.

Fork fork, also known as "steel fork". Nanquan school called it "big palladium" or "three-fingered palladium". It was a production tool for fishing and hunting in ancient times, and later it evolved into a weapon. "Ji Xiaoxin's Book": "When trying to fork palladium, shillings are used for personal use, and the skill of hand and footwork are integrated. A single person is better than a long gun and a short knife. You can stand a pike, a knife, a gun and a stick, and you are familiar with the murderer. " A fork consists of a fork tip and a fork rod. The fork tip is made of steel and has three forks. The middle strand is straight and sharp, and both sides are bent forward from the bottom of the middle strand, and the back is thick and the front is pointed. The whole body is round or flat The fork handle is made of wood or iron, which is thick enough to make extra handles. According to its position, it can be divided into upper handle section, middle section, lower handle section and handle tip. The upper handle part is where its top meets the fork. The upper handle section in the middle of the handle is the middle section, and then the lower handle section. At the bottom is a handle tip. The main hitting methods of the fork are turning, rolling, pounding, rubbing, stabbing, cutting, blocking, crossing, leaning, covering, picking, digging, penetrating and patting.

A short whip weapon, the origin of whip is earlier. It was very popular in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. According to Zuo Zhuan, "Wu Zixu, an old minister of Chu, voted for Wu to help him attack Chu because his father and brother were killed. When he entered Ying, King Ping was dead and was whipping King Ping's tomb to avenge his father and brother. " "Zhou Li. "Land Lawsuit City" also contains: "Every city person is a small official holding a whip to keep the door." In the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, soldiers were particularly good at making iron whip. "The History of Weapons in China" records: "The stone rope written by the Feng brothers is an iron whip or mace for the back beam to recruit the king. The length is 6 feet 2 inches and the weight is 15 kg. Each section is 19, and each section is tied with copper bars. The handle is decorated with wood and tied with copper. The handle end is like a hammer, surrounded on all sides. Whip is one of the weapons of the army in Song Dynasty. There were also many kinds of whips in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, whips were also loved by Manchu people and spread widely. Whips are soft and hard. Hard whips are mostly made of copper or iron, and soft whips are mostly made of leather. By whip, most people mean hard whip. Seven whips, nine whips and thirteen whips are called soft whips. Whips are suitable for horses and foot combat. Hard whips are generally used in horse fights, and those who hold whips often hold Shuang Bian. Strafe is heavy and bladeless. He uses his strength to hurt people. Therefore, people with whips need to be brave. Common whips are: square whip, Qin whip, Weichi Gong whip, Raytheon whip, tail whip, bamboo whip and snake whip. ........

Mace is also called Jane. Mace is named for its square shape and simple shape. "Wu Beizhi" contains: "Whip, Jane, Tribulus terrestris and garlic are the shortest of the short weapons, and they are sought after by Luxor, enough to defeat the three armies, and their systems are similar." The scepter is made of copper or iron and is four feet long. Mace consists of mace handle and mace body. Mace handle has two kinds: cylindrical handle and sword handle. Mace body is mostly square and quadrilateral, about two inches thick, thick at the back and thin at the front, gradually forming a square cone. There is a hand guard at the joint between the mace handle and the mace body. There are hand flowers at the end of the mace handle, which have holes and can be hung on the wrist with silk thread or beef tendon. Mace is mostly used by two maces.

Hammer is a striking weapon with a spherical head. There were stone hammers in the late Neolithic period, and later they developed into bronze hammers and hammers. "Historical records. "Biography of Wei Gongzi" tells the story that Wei Gongzi believed Ling Jun and asked Zhu Hai to kill Jinbi and seize the relieving power with a 40 kg iron vertebra (vertebra is a hammer). Although the hammer is well equipped with weapons, it has been used throughout the ages. Ming army often tied flying hammers. Before entering the customs, the Qing army also set up a hammer army dedicated to hammers. Although the use of hammers is not much, you should have heard of Yue Yun and other famous hammers. Hammer is also easy for people to use. The hammer was a necessity for the imperial army in the Ming Dynasty, because the use of blades was forbidden in all the halls of the imperial palace in the Ming Dynasty. Hammer is also an indispensable spare weapon for military commanders. Now people think that the ancient hammer is big and heavy, which is not correct. According to Wu Tu, the double hammer is slightly larger than the fist and weighs about 80 Jin. It can be seen that the use of hammer is not as huge and heavy as people think or see in traditional Chinese opera. Hammer can also represent the culture and art of various periods, and most of the hammers handed down now are those of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The common hammer shapes in Ming Dynasty are bone flower, tribulus, garlic and so on. For example, the hammer has a decorative pattern or the hammer head has a 14 polygon (consisting of 6 square faces, 8 regular triangular faces and 12 corners), most of which belong to the Qing Dynasty.

Ming and Qing swords

Double swords in Qing dynasty

Yan Longle Dao in Ming and Qing Dynasties

Sabre in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties

Short knife in late Ming dynasty

Official Dao in Northwest China in Qing Dynasty

Skin Sheath of Qijia saury in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasty (Restoration)

Sikh guillotine

An elderly Sikh performs the traditional Sikh weapon "chakra" at the Singapore Carnival. There is a disc in the middle of chakra. A net made of rope is connected to the disc, and the edge of the net is a sharp weapon. The samurai quickly turned the disc and then threw it out to attack the enemy. This is the weapon of Sikhism in ancient wars.

China ancient chariot

Ladder car ladder is not the simple ladder in ordinary movies. It is equipped with various special tools for climbing the city, such as shields, winches and grapples.

The improvement of the door-blocking knife car makes it difficult for the other side to climb and forms an obstacle to activities.

Once the door is knocked down, it is a movable door.

The trunk car is armored on three sides and can be used to launch attacks.

Qi Jiguang is a chariot against the northern nomads, and the armor on one side can be used as a preliminary bunker.

Cave wagons are used as siege vehicles. Hou Jing once used it and its improved pointed wooden donkey to conquer health. The top is resistant to falling rocks, and the bottom can be excavated to break the city.

The flowing horse originated from Zhuge Liang's transport vehicle and was drawn according to speculation.

Woche, an ancient armored reconnaissance vehicle, was used to spy on the movement in the city. There was a carriage that could be lifted and lowered, which was estimated to have appeared in the Tang Dynasty.

Zhuge Liang's weapon for attacking Chencang was also an important chariot used in the siege of past dynasties. In Chencang, it was broken by Zhao Hao with a hammer mill.

The chariot in the Spring and Autumn Period was the official chariot in ancient China. Its members include a warrior with a long weapon, a shooter and a charioteer.

Rocket car is a defensive vehicle used by the Ming army in the wild, usually used in front of the troops.

Gun car Franco gun car was one of the earliest breech weapons in Ming Dynasty. Its shells use magazines, which can be replaced quickly, and the firing rate is much faster than that of Qing cannons.