Funeral ceremony flow

"Mourning", also known as "burying", "burying" and "dropping materials", was called "big coffin" in ancient times, which meant moving a dead body into a coffin. Time varies from place to place; There are still 3 days and 7 days to be buried; Some people are buried in heaven after death, such as Wuzhai and Quwo.

Ritual process

When buried, the son of the deceased will carry the body into the coffin. In the southeast of Qin Jin County, people pay attention to wrapping the heads of the dead with red cloth, and then their eldest son holds their heads. The last body of Kim Dae-jung was made public, and four or six other people carried it and left the house with their feet first. Outside, blankets are used to shade the sun or hold umbrellas. Fushan and other places are called "there is a sky outside". When entering the coffin, the deceased's feet should be forward and then placed flat in the coffin. It turned out that the hemp shawl tied to the cuffs and trouser legs of the deceased had to be untied at this time. In some places, the male deceased put a whip in his right hand and a steamed bread in his left hand; Put the steamed bread in the hands of the female victim. The whip is called "beating the dog whip" and the steamed bread is called "beating the dog dry food". In Xiangfen area, the deceased should be bound with white cloth after death. After burial, the white cloth should be taken out and distributed to children and grandchildren. This is called "passing it on to future generations". In Qixian, Jinzhong and other places, a special concave hollow pillow with flowers and plants painted on it was placed on the head of the deceased. In fact, incense and grains are used in pillows. The dead man was covered with seven pieces of silver foil and finally covered with seven feet of red cloth from head to toe. This cloth has to be prepared by his married daughter, commonly known as the "bedclothes girl".

Buried open road

After the bedding of the deceased is prepared, some daily necessities and things that the deceased loved before his death should be put in the coffin, but it is absolutely forbidden to put sheep hair and fur products, such as blankets, blankets, leather plates and leather shoes. People think that if you commit this taboo, you will "turn fur into livestock and reincarnate by mistake." In addition to scattering some grains and paper money, Wuzhai area also pays attention to putting some donkey hoof nails and raw iron pieces in coffins. It is best to use plowshare fragments for raw iron sheets, which means "digging the ground to open the way"

After burial, the coffin cover is obliquely covered on the coffin body, leaving a gap. After the last examination of the relatives of the deceased, cover the coffin at night or at the time chosen by the Yin and Yang Master.

Closing coffins, also known as "sealing coffins", means that family members, relatives and friends get together, uncover the masked cloth or paper on the face of the deceased, and bid farewell to the deceased. If the deceased is a woman, ask her nephew or family to check her clothes and bedding to see if there is any objection. Then officially cover the coffin with wedge nails, and relatives and friends bow to say goodbye. In Qixian area, before closing the coffin, the red cloth covered by the deceased should be pulled down from his feet to show his face, then the red cloth should be torn off and the wooden lock should be quickly closed, that is, the mortise and tenon between the coffin cover and the coffin body. Seven nails were used on one side of the coffin, and each nail was covered with a small piece of torn red cloth. When the coffin was nailed, the whole family avoided crying. Only the son of the deceased shouted "hide the nail" to the coffin standing by. This is roughly the same in the north and south of Shanxi. Neighbors and friends who take part in nailing coffins should wear red cloth strips and give rewards to those who nail coffins, which is called "lucky money". After the coffin is covered, in Qin county, the children of the deceased have to take several coffins, commonly known as "waking up". In Xiangfen and other places, the children of the deceased should make a "one-sided" sacrifice in front of the coffin, and then give it to the people attending the funeral, indicating that they will live with the deceased forever.

In the middle of the night on the second day of the funeral, Qinxian and other places need to buy paper carts, incense burners, tin foil and paper figures. The children of the deceased will be sent to the crossroads where they will attend the funeral in the future and burned to see the deceased off and pray for the deceased.

Put the coffin on the victim. Zai: "I will die in three days." People are not buried immediately after death, mainly waiting for the resurrection of the dead. If you don't come back to life, you will have a funeral. Most of the utensils used to bury bodies are coffins. There are many kinds of coffins for burying people in Huai 'an, but wooden coffins are the main ones. In wooden coffins, there are different names because of the different production time. The coffin made before death is called longevity material. In order to wish the elderly a long life, it is also called "centenary prescription". After the deceased was in the morgue, he began to lift the wood and let the carpenter hit him. Because time is tight, we need to do it quickly, just like walking a horse, which is called "walking a horse". Because the quality of longevity wood is different, the coffins made are different. First, it is composed of four thin plates, as simple as a box, called "thin skin". The second type is "one two three", that is, the cover plate is three inches thick, the bottom plate is one inch thick and the two wall plates are two inches thick. This coffin is for ordinary people. The third type is "456", that is, the cover plate is six inches thick, the bottom plate is four inches thick, and the two wall plates are five inches thick. Fourth, "heaven and earth are the same", that is, the thickness of the cover bottom is the same, generally more than six inches. The two wall panels are thicker and the bottom is slightly thinner. Fifth, there is a coffin, that is, there is a coffin outside the coffin. In ancient times, there were wooden, stone and brick coffins. There are "small undertakers" and "big undertakers".

a kind of fragrant herb

Xiaoyu, wrap your coat around you. This instrument is played in the morning after death. The process is: first spread a mat on the bed, and then spread it on the mat; Spread the upper berth, spread the upper berth on the clothes, then carry the body to the clothes, and then put on the clothes in turn; When twisting, twist one end first, then take it out and cover it with a coat symbol. At this point, the relatives cried and mourned, and the ceremony ended.

Hold a funeral for the dead.

The undertaker enters the coffin, which is also called "burial" or "burial". Before the funeral, a family member of the deceased asked the Yin and Yang master to calculate the time of the funeral. Some even asked Taoist priests to calculate the offending zodiac signs and taboos according to the zodiac signs and the month of death of the deceased, and put them on the wall. When the deceased enters the coffin, all people and relatives who have offended the zodiac must stay away, otherwise they will be considered to have lost their families. People think that the dead are a kind of suffering, so this announcement is called "disaster list". Three or seven days after death, or the same day after death, is called "passing". Before burial, the four walls of the coffin should be pasted with presentation paper, the bottom of the coffin should be covered with green hemp poles, and the poles should be pasted with presentation paper. It is also useful to paste the inner wall of the coffin with yellow fiber paper and paste the pattern of the big dipper on the coffin head with gold and silver paper. The body was covered with a red cloth and a red silk scarf under his arm. Before burial, the bottom of the coffin was covered with a layer of papyrus paper, covered with a quilt and placed with "wing pillows" at both ends. Let the dead rest in peace with their heads and feet. At this time, the dutiful son and his sons knelt down to erect the coffin head, and other relatives wept around the coffin.

Knock someone down.

At the funeral, the eldest son held his head and the second son held his feet. If there are many children, the rest are around the waist. Invite four or six relatives and friends or weightlifters to hold the waist of the deceased with silk scarves. First put the body's feet in the coffin, and then slowly put the body flat in the coffin. Tie a square copper coin with a red line, aim it at the nose of the deceased from top to bottom, and use another red line to pull it from the center line of the coffin head to the center line of the coffin tail. After straightening, see if the trunk is in a straight line with the center line of the coffin head and the coffin tail. If it is not in a straight line, adjust t.

The lid is also called "riveting", "buckling" and "closing the coffin", that is, the coffin and lid are connected. Some people have the custom of "burying their eyes" before closing the coffin, that is, they stop at the mourning hall before burial, and the coffin lid can't be closed to prevent relatives from seeing the body, and finally say goodbye to the body of the deceased. Some of them are far away, waiting for distant relatives to come back to see their bodies. Some people with unknown causes of death don't seal the coffin at first, and then seal it after autopsy or solving the problem. When the coffin was closed, four iron "life nails" were used, and the carpenter wedged the nails with an axe. Among them, three wedges were riveted into the coffin. If the deceased is male, leave three nails, two and one. If the victim is a woman, three nails. That's right, two nails. Another kind of life nail is peach-shaped, called "main nail", which is wedged on the front of the coffin lid by male, female and left parts.

Hide nails

In the past, there were many ceremonies to nail coffins, some of which were cut from the hair of dutiful sons and good wives and wrapped around the tips of longevity nails. Others cut off a handful of hair, wrapped it in yellow paper and put it on the nail of life. When some nails are "main nails", please wedge them with my uncle and cousin. At this time, uncle can take this opportunity to reprimand those unfilial children and grandchildren and ask some difficult questions at the same time. The dutiful son must answer, otherwise he won't be wedged. At this time, my uncle agreed to wedge the nail only when he found someone with prestige in the family to intercede and the dutiful son kowtowed and apologized. There is also a patriarch holding an axe wedge "Shouding" for male mourning, and a great uncle holding an axe for female mourning. The bereaved daughter-in-law and the unmarried daughter each pulled out three hairs and nailed them in. A piece of red cloth was tied to the main nail, and the carpenter nailed it firmly after the uncle or the patriarch raised his axe. At this time, the relatives of the deceased knelt in front of the spirit and shouted for the soul of the deceased so as not to be frightened. Wedge the nail on the left, shouting that the dead relatives should "hide" the nail on the right, wedge the nail on the right, and shouting that the dead relatives should "hide" the nail on the left.

After the funeral, people who come to pay their respects will be provided with "watering rice", "soul lamp" and "burial basin" for kowtowing.

Before entering the coffin, the eldest son was accompanied by the relatives of the previous generation. He walked to the water's edge crying. He put money into downstream water and bottled water, which is called "buying water". Send water as the last time to worship your parents and repay your kindness. When buried, the coffin should be filled with paper, towels, fans and other daily necessities. At this time, family members will crawl around the coffin, which is called "climbing the coffin" farewell. Then choose the current nail and say a lucky word for each nail. Filial piety/mourning

Women, others and mourners should not go to the funeral of the dead. Generally speaking, after the dead are buried, people will choose the time to attend the funeral. Rich families will set up a mourning hall before the funeral, which is called "Enterprise Hall" for relatives and friends to visit. The dutiful son takes turns guarding the coffin side. Whenever relatives and friends come to mourn and worship, the dutiful son will kneel down to meet him and send him to accompany him. Empress Dowager Cixi will burst into tears. Some of the "enterprise pavilions" are once a year, and some are once every three years. Every seven days, painters are required to paint the coffin to prevent resin juice from flowing out.

Into the coffin.

Coffins used for burial in various places are mainly wooden coffins. Cedar and camphor trees with hard wood are one kind, followed by Pinus tabulaeformis, Catalpa bungeana and Sophora japonica, and willow is the most common. No matter what kind of wood is used in Jinzhong County, the front baffle of the coffin should be cedar, and at least one piece should be set. The thickness of the plate is fashionable, the thickest is six inches, the first bend is more than five inches, and then the first bend. The bottom, cover and edge are all a whole piece, which is called "single piece", and the pieces assembled from several pieces are called "X pieces" respectively. The whole coffin is rectangular, with high front and low back, wide front and narrow back. The coffin was painted black, purple, red and yellow. In Wuzhai area, the coffins of the deceased under the age of 50 are painted with cinnabar paint, which is called "red coffins"; People over 50 are often painted golden yellow and called "golden coffins". Generally, there are painted patterns on the outside of the coffin, and the first-class wood is made of plain lacquer wood, which looks magnificent. The general designs are birthday pictures, four seasons pictures, 24-year-old filial piety pictures, or "non-stop" pictures. The front of the coffin is painted with a moire lotus platform, which reads "the spiritual fulcrum of XX"; There are incense pots painted on the head, burning incense, and cabbage painted in some places. On the front of some coffins are written auspicious sentences such as "Happiness as the East China Sea" and "Sound and beauty are everywhere". The coffin is painted with rosin or yellow wheat paper, which means "gold enters the pavilion" and "children and grandchildren stay". Inside the coffin, the patterns of the sun, the moon and the Big Dipper cut with gold and silver paper should be pasted. In Yanping Road, Beiping, Qixian, Jinzhong and other places, there are seven holes in the bottom of the coffin, which is called the "seven-star partition fan", which means that the deceased "drives the crane to the west". At the bottom of the coffin, in the area of Qixian County in Jinzhong, lime, colored silks, threads and grains were laid, and then seven copper coins and seven pig iron were put. Put seven pieces of gold paper to cut money on it, and then put a plate. South Shanxi and other places are similar to this. No matter what you put, you need food and grass. Wuzhai area is called "sitting on grass", which means "born on the ground, sitting on grass and returning".