How many kinds of Henan Opera are there?

Also known as Henan Bangzi and Henan Gaoqiang. Because early actors sang with their own voices, they turned up the ending tape with falsetto when they started and closed the cavity, which is also called "Henan Fu". Most of the performances in the mountainous areas of western Henan province are based on mountainous areas and Heping, which is called "Shout at the Back of the Mountain" locally. Because Henan Province is called "Yu" for short, it was named Yu Opera after liberation. It is one of the major operas in Henan Province.

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The popular areas of Henan Opera are widely distributed, and there are performances of Henan Opera in the north and south of the Yangtze River, on both sides of the Yellow River and even in Xinjiang and Tibet.

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On the origin of henan opera. Henan Opera came into being in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. At first, it was mainly oratorio, which was deeply loved by the people, so it developed very rapidly. The origin of Henan opera has always been difficult to verify, and there are different opinions. On the one hand, after Shaanxi Opera and Zhou Pu Bangzi were introduced into Henan in the late Ming Dynasty, they were combined with local folk songs and minor tunes. On the other hand, they are directly developed from the chords of Beiqu; On the other hand, it was developed on the basis of Henan folk singing art, especially on the basis of popular songs prevailing in the Central Plains in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and absorbed artistic achievements such as "chord tune".

During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty (1736- 1795), Bangzi Opera was popular in Henan Province. According to the content recorded in the inscription at that time, the Forbidden City in Ming Dynasty was "a place where all classes of operas prayed and feasted in those days, which has been forgotten by distant years and I don't know when it was established. During the Daoguang period (182 1- 1850), the river workers burst, the temple collapsed and there were no tiles left. It can be seen that Bangzi Opera existed long before Daoguang. These narratives are consistent with the legends among artists. According to some old artists' memories, when they were studying at around 19 12, they heard the master talk about ten places in Henan, namely, Xiangfu (now Kaifeng), Qixian, Chenliu (now Kaifeng), Weishi, Zhongmou, Tongxu, Yifeng, Fengqiu and Wu Yang. During its spread, Henan Bangzi has formed different styles, such as Xiangfu tune (Kaifeng area), Eastern Henan tune (Shangqiu area), Western Henan tune (Yang Yang area) and Shahe tune (Luohe area).

According to the legend of artists, the earliest educators of Henan Opera were Jiangmen and Xumen. Jiangmen has classes in Zhuxian Town, south of Kaifeng, and Xumen in Ji Qinghe, east of Kaifeng. Later, in Kaifeng area, an auspicious tone was formed; Spread to Shangqiu area, forming the eastern Henan tune; A branch that flowed into Luoyang developed into the western Henan tune; A tributary of the Luohe River is called Sha Hetiao.

After the Revolution of 1911, Henan Bangzi entered more and more cities to perform. Famous tea houses in Kaifeng, such as Zhixiang Tea House, Puqing Tea House, Chenghuai Tea House, Qing Tea House, Donghuo Temple Tea House, Le Tong Tea House, etc., all rushed to invite Kanako Class Club, and at that time Yicheng, Tianxing and Gongxing classes became active. Since then, tea houses and theaters have appeared in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xinyang, Shangqiu and other cities to perform Henan Bangzi. In rural areas, every sports meeting to meet the gods will be performed in some areas, most of which belong to Henan Bangzi.

From the end of 1920s to 1930s, the development of Henan Bangzi entered a new stage. During this period, four Henan Bangzi theaters, Yong 'an, Yongle, Yongmin and Le Tong, were successively established in Kaifeng Suoguoji. Many famous artists, such as, Ma Shuangzhi, Si, Li Ruiyun, Chang Xiangyu and Peng Haibao, gathered here. At the beginning of 1935, Yusheng Drama Club headed by Fan was established, and Yongle Stage was changed to Yusheng Theatre. Chen Suzhen's Seven Sages Troupe and Zhao Yiting's Cao Xian Troupe both joined the club. Yusheng Drama Club got rid of some unreasonable systems of the old troupe, reformed the performance and stage art, and performed such plays as Gale, Hate in the Clouds and Bloody. Created by Fan. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, in 1938, the society was changed into the Lion Roar Troupe with the meaning of "awakening the lion's anger".

On 1936, Chang Xiangyu went to Kaifeng House with Zhou Haishui Banshe and performed on the stage of Awakening Henan. 1937, Zhongzhou Opera Research Association was established to perform costume dramas such as The West Chamber and Crying for the Great Wall written by Wang Zhennan, as well as the drama Hit the Ground, which exposed the crime of Japanese imperialist aggression. Beating the Ground is the beginning of modern drama of Henan Opera. At the same time, Wang Runzhi, Ma Shuangzhi, Gu Xi and Yang Jinyu of Yong 'an Stage also performed many traditional plays. The gathering of celebrities promoted the confluence of eastern and western Henan tunes, and promoted the development and perfection of Henan Bangzi. 1938 After the Japanese invaders occupied Kaifeng, the Lion Roar Troupe, Zhou Haishui Taiyi, Chang Xiangyu and other groups and actors successively went to Xi 'an to perform in the northwest urban and rural areas centered on Xi 'an, which expanded the influence and popular area of Henan Opera.

When and where did the Henan Opera Class Club first begin? There is no exam today. According to the legend of old artists, most of the actors of Henan Opera in the past came from Jiangmen and Xumen classes during the Qianlong period, while Kaifeng's "third class", namely Yicheng class, Gongyi class and Gongxing class, is said to have experienced the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

According to Hesheng Daily on February 5, 2006 1965438+, "The Yicheng Office in this province was originally established by Jian Qing, the general staff of the Zhuang people in Kaifeng County. Over the years, ordinary children in Liyuan have sung everywhere and have a good reputation. " 1926, Yi Chengban established the Yong 'an Stage in the Fire Temple of Suoguo Temple in Kaifeng. The organization and management of the stage is divided into front, back and front, and it is mainly responsible for managing various chores in the theater, such as ticket sales, audience reception, tea supply, etc. Backstage, mainly responsible for performance affairs, such as determining plays, assigning roles, suitcases, props and so on.

Star class was originally a class run by Fengqiu, with a long history, and many famous actors of Henan Opera came from this class. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, he constantly performed in Kaifeng. Famous actors are Li (posthumous title Zhuang Chou, Gong Dan) and Yan (Gong Dan, died in 1982), and other main actors are sometimes,, Nie, Kong Xianyu, Zhang and Li Fakui.

The "Six Classes" and "Catch Classes" in Qixian County (county government office) and the "Six Classes" jointly organized by Ma, Wu, Zheng, Hao, Liu and Chang are all famous class clubs after the Revolution of 1911. Actors Shuicheng, Yi Hui, Tiangou, He Yun and Jincheng were all famous at that time.

In 1930s, in addition to Yong 'an stage composed of Yi Chengban, there were two important groups of Henan Opera: Yusheng Drama Club and Zhongzhou Drama Club. Yusheng Drama Club performs at Yusheng Theatre.

From War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to the founding of New China, Henan Opera groups such as Lion Roar Drama Club headed by Fan, Xiangyu Drama Club headed by Chang Xiangyu, Maolan Drama Club and Drama Club have appeared in An successively. There is also the Henan Disaster Children's Drama Club founded by Sun Laoqi (the predecessor of the former Tibet Henan Opera Troupe).

After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Henan Henan Opera Theatre was established in 1956. There are a number of professional and amateur screenwriters in Henan Opera, among which Yang Lanchun has made outstanding achievements. Yang Lanchun (a native of Wu 'an, Hebei, 192 1) adapted and created (partly in cooperation with others) Marriage of Young Black, Man struggles upwards, Liu Hulan, Chaoyanggou, Winter Gone and Spring Came, Biography of Chaoyanggou, etc. At the same time, he also directed many modern and traditional plays. For example, Revenge of Blood and Tears, Red Leaf River, the fiancee of the Volunteers, Qin Xianglian, The Trial and Imperial Decree of the Tang Magistrate, etc., Henan and many other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China have generally established Henan Opera performance groups. 1962 held the symposium of famous and old artists of Henan Opera, and 1980 held the "Report Performance of Henan Opera Schools", which has become one of the most widely circulated operas in China.

Nowadays, Henan Opera has spread to neighboring provinces in addition to the whole province, and many professional troupes have been established in various places.