What are the changing styles of private seal cutting in Han Dynasty?

The seal cutting of private seal in Han dynasty changed greatly, and the layout was neat and ingenious, which had high artistic value. In the early Han Dynasty, the characters used for printing were standard seal script, with rounded strokes and flexible lines, and the printed surface was surrounded by borders, vertical grids or Japanese grids, similar to Qin Zhuan.

After Han Wenjing, the face of Han and India gradually took shape, and by the time of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, it had completely got rid of the influence of Qin and India and entered a mature stage. At this time, there are three kinds of fonts used in the famous seal: one is Miao seal, the stroke disk is tortuous and the composition is dense; The second is the book of birds and insects, with coiled strokes and adult bird shapes at both ends; Third, imitation printing began in the Qin dynasty, which is slightly different from Zhou Jin's engraving and stone carving.

The first two are artistic seal characters, which can be found not only in seals, but also in tiles in the Han Dynasty and bronzes in the early Han Dynasty. The latter was a special font for lettering at that time, characterized by vigorous strokes and broad posture. Its seal cutting method has changed a lot, some strokes are rounded, some strokes are straight, some ends are flush, and some are knife-tip-shaped.

The composition of the printing surface pays attention to the perfection of the whole printing surface through the change of the space position occupied by each word, or adopts the methods of alternating yin and yang, adding geometric patterns and four-god patterns around the printing surface to make the printing surface more beautiful and generous. The artistic mode established by private seal in Han Dynasty laid the law of seal art, and became the golden rule of later generations, regarded as the standard.