Suzhou Confucian Temple Song Monument

The monument in the Four Song Dynasties refers to the astronomical map, geographical map, imperial map and Pingjiang map preserved by Suzhou Monument Museum so far, referred to as "heaven, earth, people and city" for short. They are all carved stones in the Southern Song Dynasty, 196 1 year, and the State Council was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. The astronomical map, imperial map and geographical map in the Monument to the Four Song Dynasties were made by Huang Shang in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Map of Pingjiang was completed under the auspices of Li, the magistrate of Suzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties (1 190), the first three stone mountains were painted, and in the seventh year (1247), the famous seal engraver in Suzhou published stones. These three paintings were imported by Huang Shang for Jia Wang (later Ningzong) and Di Yishan (squire), and then brought back to Suzhou for printing by Wang Zhiyuan from Sichuan. Pingjiang Monument was built by Lu Geng, Cheng and Zhang in the second year of Shaoding in Southern Song Dynasty (1229). Four Song steles are now hidden in Suzhou Confucian Temple (now Suzhou Monument Hall), among which Pingjiang stele was re-excavated by Huang, a famous contemporary sculptor, in the 1930s. Four Song steles were once hidden in Suzhou Museum, and 1983 was transported back to Suzhou Monument Museum. The four Song Monuments are masterpieces in the history of science and technology in China and the world. Among them, Pingjiang tablet is one of the oldest astronomical maps of stone carvings in the world, which occupies an extremely important position in the history of astronomy. The geographical map tablet is the political geographical map of China in Song Dynasty, and it is one of the oldest existing stone carving maps in China, which is of great value in the history of geography. Shao Yun Emperor Monument is the only stone carving of the royal family in ancient China, and it is an important material for studying the ancient political history of China. Pingjiang Monument is the plan of Suzhou City in Song Dynasty, the oldest stone carving city plan in the cash industry, and a rare material for studying the municipal construction of ancient Suzhou.

Pingjiang Map is the oldest city stone carving plan in the world. Suzhou was called Pingjiang House in Song Dynasty, and Pingjiang Map was the ancestor of Suzhou Map. As can be seen from the Map of Pingjiang, Suzhou in the Song Dynasty is roughly similar to Suzhou today. They are all located on the endless shore of Taihu Lake, surrounded by Wujiang River, Loujiang River, Grand Canal, Shihu Lake and Yangcheng Lake. Pingjiang House is rectangular, surrounded by tall brick walls and gates, surrounded by the Grand Canal and the moat. The biggest feature of the urban area is the arrangement of two sets of transportation systems in parallel between land and water. Du Xunhe said in "Send someone to visit Wu" that Suzhou is "every family has a pillow river and many small bridges in the water lane". From the map of Pingjiang, we can count seven rivers running through the north and south and fourteen rivers running through the east and west. There are twenty parallel streets, of course, the most famous is Wolong Street, which is today's Renmin Road. The residential area is built between the street and the river, forming the Wuzhong characteristic that the front door is the street and the back door is the river.

There are many bridges in the ancient city of Suzhou. Bai Letian in the Tang Dynasty once said, "Hongshazhou 390 Bridge". In the Song Dynasty, there were more bridges, and this picture of Pingjiang alone carved 359 bridges. Suzhou was also the center of Buddhism and Taoism in the Tang and Song Dynasties. There are many temples and pagodas in the urban area, which are towering in ancient meaning. This lamp is two feet long. 84m, width 1. On the 4-meter-long "Pingjiang Map", 67 magnificent temples and 9 ancient pagodas can be counted. It is worth noting that at that time, Pingjiang House, with one city and one city, was the seat of Pingjiang House, which was said to be built by Wu Zixu and named Wu. Zicheng was destroyed by a fire in Zhang Shicheng at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The Map of Pingjiang is basically drawn according to the traditional Chinese painting method, that is, the combination of plane and three-dimensional is innovative. According to Pei Xiu's Six Methods of Cartography, it strictly follows the law of "coming from the north to the south and going from the east to the west", but it does not stick to the tradition of "a hundred miles is one inch", but adopts a more appropriate ratio, that is, 3000: 1 `. In addition, it will deploy a network around the city by reducing the scale of mountains and rivers outside the city, such as Tiger Hill and Lingyan 18 mountains and Taihu Lake 12 lakes, so that the magnificent landscape will undoubtedly highlight the simplicity and elegance of the urban area and play a surreal role. Compared with the maps drawn by western projection method, Pingjiang Map originally marked streets, lanes, lanes and lanes with lines, and vividly drew various pavilions, towers, buildings, pavilions, exquisite and unique gardens, magnificent archways, magnificent palaces, towering pagodas, quiet courtyards and bridges. There is a Shi Lian in Suzhou. This stone is only 40-50 meters high, about 60-70 centimeters thick and less than 2 meters wide. This is a very common granite. There are two red words "Shi Lian" engraved on the stone. Another inscription reads: "In the summer of May of the ninth year of Hongzhi, the scholar was given a literary tour with Susong Changfu in Zhili and Qiancheng in Henan. According to records, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a scholar (187- 2 19) in Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), whose name was Gong Ji. He is a man of great knowledge, knowing astronomy and calendar calculation, and has written Cloudy Sky Map, Book of Changes and Notes on Xuan Jing. Later, he was made an official in a foreign land, and the official was the satrap of Yuzhou (now Yulin, Guangxi). He is knowledgeable, versatile, honest and clean, and has won praise from local people for being an honest official. He has been an official for many years, and his position is not low, but he is honest and clean. When Yuzhou's term of office expired, he returned to his native land, Wujun, with nothing but simple luggage and boxes of books, so that it was difficult to sail into the sea because the ship was light. As a last resort, people randomly moved a stone to hold the ship down, let it sail, cross the sea safely and return to Wu Jun.

Lu Ji lives in Lintongli (the Huguo Temple in Loumen is where his former residence is located). When he returned to Suzhou, he put this stone in his yard as a souvenir. Because it was brought back by Yulin County, it was named Yulin Stone. Lu Ji died shortly after returning to China at the age of 32. But the story of this town's boat stone has always been sung by people. After centuries of vicissitudes, it is said that by the Ming Dynasty, the former residence of landmark had already become a folk house, and Yulin stone had been deeply immersed in the soil because of its age. In the ninth year of Hongzhi (AD 1496), Fan Ju, the supervisor, visited the Soviet Union and saw Yulin Stone in the former residence of Luji, which was of great educational significance. He ordered the relocation of the court yard in the city to build a protective pavilion, and personally nominated "Shi Lian" as a souvenir. In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709), Chen Pengnian, the governor of Suzhou Prefecture, also praised the incorruptibility of his political achievements, and moved "Shi Lian" to Suzhou official school (Suzhou Confucian Temple) as a model of incorruptibility for future generations to pay tribute to. When Premier Zhou Enlai was alive, after hearing the story of "Shi Lian", he instructed the local government to properly preserve this stone. A very common stone, crossing the sea and the river, has almost crossed half of the sea area of China, during which it has experienced the life drive and historical changes of 1700 years, and still stands intact in the world. Over the years, when leaders of the central, provincial and municipal governments visited the Confucius Temple, they took photos as soon as they saw "Shi Lian", and stressed that current officials should also be honest and self-disciplined. Therefore, this "stone of clean government" has certain practical educational significance for the current clean government construction.