Land management after the founding of New China

Country's current stage of implementation is the socialist system of public ownership of land, the main forms of which are the socialist system of ownership by the whole people and the socialist system of collective ownership by the working masses. The two forms of ownership were gradually formed through a series of social changes.

The National Land Conference convened by the central government in September 1947 in Xibaipo, Shijiazhuang, formulated and adopted the Outline of China's Land Law, which explicitly stated, "Abolition of the feudal and semi-feudal exploitation of the land system, and implementation of the land system of the ploughman's share of the land." The Outline stipulated that "the land of all landowners in the countryside shall be distributed uniformly and equally according to the entire population of the countryside, regardless of sex. Large forests, large water conservancy projects, large mines, large pastures, large wastelands and lakes and marshes were to be managed by the government."

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the provisions of the Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and other relevant documents promulgated in 1950, the land of the imperialists, bureaucratic capitalists, the reactionary government of the Kuomintang, the war criminals, traitors, and counterrevolutionaries that had been taken over and confiscated was owned by the State. Subsequently, through socialist transformation, urban property owned by capitalist industrial and commercial enterprises, private real estate companies and private real estate owners was gradually transferred to the State, and the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, promulgated in 1982, stipulates that "urban land belongs to the State." In addition, the state has also nationalized part of the collective land by expropriating it for construction.

Collective land in China has been gradually completed through land reform, cooperative agriculture and other movements, which were carried out after the promulgation of the 1950 Law on Land Reform of the People's Republic of China. As a result of the land reform, the feudal land ownership system was completely destroyed and the peasant land ownership system was established. After the completion of the land reform, in order to prevent the re-emergence of polarization, the CPC duly guided the peasants to embark on the path of cooperative agriculture. The successful completion of the cooperative agricultural system marked the transformation of rural land from the ownership of individual peasants to the collective ownership of the socialist working masses.

With the recovery and development of the economy, the expropriation and allocation of land was increasingly on the agenda. Shijiazhuang city from 1949 to 1979 within 30 years, the land requisition, allocation work is basically by the civil affairs department. 1979 to 1984 by the municipal construction committee is responsible for. 1984 to 1986, by the urban construction and agricultural departments according to the city, the countryside cut block management. The land by the departmental management of the approach continued for decades, the construction of Shijiazhuang City has played a great role, but this sub-departmental land management model also has certain drawbacks, and more and more clearly exposed. With the rapid development of construction, this mode of management has not adapted to the needs of the situation.

In 1986, "the Chinese people's **** and the State Land Management Law" promulgated and implemented, the State specifically established directly under the State Council of the State Land Administration Bureau, is in charge of the national land management department, and other departments of land management agencies are abolished. Subsequently, Shijiazhuang city people's governments at all levels and the country as a whole, have gradually set up the corresponding land management organizations, the exercise of the people's government authorized by the responsible jurisdiction of the land management.

Shijiazhuang City Land Management Bureau was established in March 1987, in just a few years, with the support of the government at all levels and the higher authorities, has done a lot of work, and achieved decentralized management is difficult to achieve.

In 2009, according to the "General Office of the C*** Hebei Provincial Party Committee, the General Office of the Hebei Provincial People's Government on the issuance of" & lt; Shijiazhuang Municipal People's Government Organization Reform Program & gt; the notice "(Jibanji [2009] No. 46) and" Shijiazhuang Municipal People's Government on the municipal government agencies set up notice "(Shijiazhuang government issued [2009] No. 40) document spirit, the establishment of the Shijiazhuang Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, for the municipal government departments. At present, Shijiazhuang City Bureau of Land and Resources has set up a full range of management departments, in the daily work of the following functions:

(1) assume responsibility for the protection and rational use of the city's land resources, mineral resources and other natural resources. It organizes the formulation of land and resources development planning, carries out analysis of the economic situation of land and resources, researches and puts forward policy proposals on the balance between the total supply and demand of land and resources, participates in the study of macroeconomic operation, regional coordination and urban-rural integration, and formulates regulatory policies and measures involving land and resources. It prepares and organizes the implementation of national land planning, and formulates and organizes the implementation of policies and measures for the economical and intensive use of resources in the field of land and resources and the circular economy.

(2) bear the responsibility of regulating the city's land resources management order. Implement the laws and regulations on land resources and mapping management, study and formulate local laws and regulations on land resources, mineral resources, mapping management, and draft government regulations. Guide the counties (cities) land and resources administrative law enforcement work, investigation and handling of land and resources violations.

(3) bear the responsibility of optimizing the allocation of the city's land resources. Preparation and organization and implementation of the overall land use planning, land use annual plan, land reclamation and development planning and other special planning, planning. Guidance, audit counties (cities), townships (towns), land use master plan, organizing the preparation of mineral resources, geological exploration and geological environment planning, as well as prevention and control of geologic hazards, mine environmental protection and other related special planning and supervision and inspection of the implementation of the situation.

(4) is responsible for regulating the city's land resources ownership management. According to law to protect land resources, mineral resources and other natural resources and the legitimate rights and interests of owners and users, organizing the mediation of major tenure disputes, guiding the land rights, undertake all kinds of land registration data collection, collation, **** enjoy and remittance management, provide social inquiry services.

(5) assume responsibility for the city's arable land protection. Formulation and implementation of the city's arable land protection regulations, organization and implementation of the basic farmland protection system, supervise the occupation of arable land compensation system implementation. Supervise and guide the development of unused land, land consolidation, land reclamation and development of arable land. Organize the implementation of land use control, agricultural land reuse and land requisition and expropriation, undertake to report to the State Council, the provincial government and the municipal government for approval of various types of land use review and approval work.

(6) bear the responsibility of providing the city's land use data. Organization and implementation of the national cadastral management methods, the organization of land resource surveys, cadastral surveys, land statistics, dynamic monitoring, registration and land classification and grading work.

(7) To assume responsibility for the economical and intensive utilization of the city's land resources. It is responsible for the supervision and management of urban and rural construction land supply, government land reserves, land development and the economical and intensive utilization of land. Formulate and organize the implementation of the provisions of the land use right concessions, leases, capital contributions, transfers and other management methods, the establishment of benchmark land prices, fixed land prices and other government land price system, in conjunction with the relevant departments to supervise and manage the transfer of land use rights of rural collective construction. The implementation of national prohibitions and restrictions on land supply, land allocation directory, etc., to undertake the State Council, the provincial government and the municipal government for approval of the restructuring of the enterprise's state-owned land assets program review.

(8) assume the responsibility of regulating the city's land and resources market order. Monitoring of the land market and construction land use, supervision of land prices, regulation and supervision of the mining rights market, organization of mining rights exploration, mining activities supervision and management, standardization and supervision of land and resources-related social intermediary organizations, investigate and deal with violations of the law.

(9) is responsible for the city's mineral resources development management. According to the prescribed authority in accordance with the management of the audit and registration of mining rights and transfer approval and registration, to assist the provincial Department of Land and Resources is responsible for the national and provincial planning of mining areas, the national economy has an important value of the management of mining areas, to undertake the protection of the mining of specific types of minerals, advantageous minerals mining the total amount of control and related management work, and the organization of preparation and implementation of the setting of mining rights program.

(10) is responsible for the city's geological survey industry and mineral resources reserves management. Organization and implementation of geological survey and evaluation, mineral resources exploration, management of geological exploration projects, to assist in the management of geological exploration qualifications, geological information, geological exploration results.

(11) assume responsibility for the city's geological environmental protection. Organization and implementation of mining geological environmental protection, supervision and management of paleontological fossils, geological relics, mining relics and other important protected areas, protected areas, participation in hydrogeology, engineering geology, environmental geology survey and evaluation, participation in the monitoring, supervision and prevention of over-exploitation of groundwater and pollution, organization and implementation of urban geology, agricultural geology, tourism geology survey, evaluation work.

(12) the city's responsibility for the prevention and management of geological disasters. Guidance for emergency response, organization, coordination, guidance, supervision and implementation of geological disaster prevention and control work, the formulation and implementation of geological disasters and other land and resources emergency response plan.

(13) according to law, the collection of resource revenues, standardize, supervise the use of funds, the development of municipal land, mineral resources to participate in economic regulation measures. According to law, the organization of land, mineral resources, special revenue collection and management, with the relevant departments to develop a system for the distribution of proceeds, guidance, supervision of land reclamation and development of the collection and use of funds. Participate in the management of land, minerals and other resource assets, participate in the management of state-funded mineral rights and interests, and is responsible for the budget and financial and asset management and supervision of the relevant funds and funds.

(14) the formulation of municipal basic surveying and mapping planning and annual plan and organization and implementation; responsible for municipal basic surveying and mapping, administrative boundaries of surveying and mapping, cadastral surveying and mapping and other citywide or major surveying and mapping projects, emergency protection surveying and mapping project organization and management; according to the provisions of the city's surveying and mapping management, responsible for the surveying and mapping market, surveying and mapping results of the quality of supervision and management, according to law, management of the city's basic geographic information Data and social services; responsible for surveying and mapping results of the remittance, storage, provision and utilization; organization and implementation of map management and mapping science and technology innovation.

(15) organization to develop the city's land and resources science and technology development and personnel training plans, plans to promote land and resources informatization and information data public **** services. Carry out foreign cooperation and exchanges.

(16) in accordance with the relevant provisions of the management of county (city) Bureau of land and resources leadership team and leading cadres.

(17) to undertake other matters assigned by the municipal government.

In accordance with the above responsibilities, Shijiazhuang Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources has the following land management offices:

Policy and regulations. Organize the drafting of the city's land resources, mineral resources, surveying and mapping management and other local laws and regulations, draft government regulations, organization of land and resources research on major issues, the formulation of relevant policies; assume the legality of the organs of the normative documents review, and promote the land and resources industry in accordance with the law; organization of the relevant laws and regulations publicity, education and training; administrative reconsideration, administrative appeals, and administrative review and approval system reform, NPC recommendations, CPPCC members proposals, etc.; responsible for law enforcement case file review, policy advice and wrongdoing, law enforcement fault investigation.

Planning Division. Carry out analysis of the city's economic situation of land and resources, put forward policy recommendations on the balance of total supply and demand of land and resources, and participate in macroeconomic operations and related reform studies; organize the preparation of the city's and regional land planning, land use master plan and overall planning for mineral resources, land development, reclamation and special planning, guidance and auditing of land and resources-related planning; formulate land supply policies; review the land use master plan, basic farmland protection, and the protection of basic farmland, as well as the development and implementation of land use policies. Master plan and basic farmland protection, land reclamation, land consolidation, unused land development and other special planning; the formulation of annual land use plan; responsible for construction project land use pre-approval work; undertake comprehensive statistics and professional statistics; responsible for land resources science and technology work.

Cultivated land protection department. Formulate the city's basic farmland protection, special protection of arable land, arable land reclamation, land consolidation, land reclamation, development of unutilized land and agricultural land reuse and other relevant regulations and organize the implementation; responsible for the supervision and management of arable land balance of occupation and compensation projects, guidance and supervision of land development, reclamation work; organization of arable land development projects, inspection, acceptance; implementation of the city's basic farmland protection, responsible for arable land protection of the responsibility for the target assessment of relevant work; implementation of agricultural land protection projects; implementation of agricultural land protection of the target examination work; the implementation of agricultural land, the implementation of agricultural land protection of the responsibility for the target assessment of work. Related work; the implementation of agricultural land use control; the formulation of supplementary farmland program, review of agricultural land diversion program, land acquisition program and adjust the standard of compensation and resettlement costs of expropriated land opinions, and organize the implementation.

Cadastral management. Responsible for the city's cadastral management; the development of cadastral management methods; organization of the city's land resources survey, dynamic monitoring, cadastral ownership survey, change survey; undertake all types of land registration information collation, **** enjoy and remittance management; responsible for the urban area of state-owned land use rights, rural collective land registration and licensing work; organization of land disputes; responsible for the city's cadastral information system construction work.

Land Use Management Department. Responsible for the allocation of state-owned land use right, ceding, leasing, capital contribution, recovery work; responsible for specific construction projects, land supply program development, review and approval and implementation of the organization; responsible for the management of municipal land assets, together with the relevant departments to do a good job of restructuring of the enterprise's land assets disposal work; guide the land acquisition reserve work; responsible for the work of the land exchange; management of the land tangible market, the land market Research and strengthen the supervision and management of the land market; release information on the supply of land for construction and land price information; organize and guide the revision and evaluation of benchmark land prices and standardized land prices; standardize the management of the land assessment market; responsible for the management of urban rural residential land, in conjunction with the relevant departments to supervise and manage the transfer of the right of use of land for collective construction in rural areas.

Law Enforcement and Supervision Department (Office of Letters and Visits). Responsible for the implementation of national laws and regulations on land, minerals, surveying and mapping supervision and inspection; the development of the city's land resources, surveying and mapping law enforcement supervision of the relevant provisions of the law, according to the organization of investigation and handling of land, minerals, surveying and mapping cases of violation of the law; organizations to carry out the land planning and planning, conversion of agricultural land, land expropriation, disposal of land assets, land tenure transactions, land registration of supervision and inspection; responsible for supervision and inspection of regional systems of land Resource management violations, responsible for reception, handling of letters and visits from the public and supervision and inspection.

Surveying and mapping management department. Formulation of municipal basic surveying and mapping planning and annual plan and organization and implementation; responsible for municipal basic surveying and mapping, mapping of administrative boundaries, cadastral surveying and mapping and other citywide or major surveying and mapping projects, emergency protection surveying and mapping project organization and management; according to the provisions of the survey and mapping qualification management, responsible for the surveying and mapping market, the survey and mapping results of the quality of supervision and management, according to the law of management of the city's basic geographic information data and socialized service; supervision and management of foreign organizations and individuals coming to Shijiazhuang, the city's basic geographic information data and social services. Supervision and management of foreign organizations, individuals to Shijiazhuang surveying and mapping; responsible for surveying and mapping results of the remittance, storage, provision and use; supervision of surveying and mapping infrastructure construction and maintenance, management of the city's measurement signs; organization and implementation of map management and surveying and mapping science and technology innovation work.

Shijiazhuang City Bureau of Land and Resources through the continuous efforts of the departments, in the land management work has achieved the following major achievements:

One is through the land of the program management, basically stop the misuse of land occupation and abuse of the crooked winds, suppressing the momentum of the sharp decline in arable land; two is to clean up non-agricultural land occupation, and to find out the illegal occupation of land in different cases for treatment; three is the land use status survey, the current situation of land use, and the land use of the city of Shijiazhuang City. Land use status quo survey, through the survey to find out Shijiazhuang City, all kinds of land area, distribution and ownership status, to find out the bottom of the land; Fourth, the declaration of state-owned land in cities and towns, clarifying the use of the unit of the land situation; Fifth, the completion of the preparation of county and municipal land use master plan, coordinated with the relationship between the land of the various sectors of the national economy, the land of the various sectors of time, space, and land use scale in a better way. Sixth, in order to further standardize and cultivate the healthy development of the land market, strengthen the management of land resources and assets, establish and improve the land price management system in Shijiazhuang, according to the Ministry of Land and Resources of the relevant provisions of the benchmark land price update, combined with the Shijiazhuang City, economic development and urban construction, the city of state-owned land use right benchmark land price update, and approved by the government; seventh, vigorously develop and utilize wasteland, urban land use right benchmark land price update, and approved by the government. Seven is to vigorously develop and utilize the barren land, barren beaches, barren slopes, increasing the area of arable land, woodland, garden area, to a certain extent, to alleviate the contradiction between the Shijiazhuang City, more people, less arable land; eight is the establishment of the basic farmland protection zone, in order to make the work to the letter, the counties and municipalities have formulated regulations for the protection of basic farmland, the townships and villages have formulated the township rules and regulations.