Liu Dunzhen's Main Experiences

Liu Dunzhen (1897.9.19-1968.5.10) was known as Shineng (士能), or Master of the Dajiang Room (大壮室). He was a native of Xinning, Hunan Province. He is a modern architect and architectural historian, one of the pioneers of Chinese architectural education and the study of Chinese ancient architecture, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1921, he graduated from the Architecture Department of Tokyo Higher Technical School (now Tokyo Institute of Technology). He graduated from the Architecture Department of Tokyo Higher Institute of Technology (now Tokyo Institute of Technology) in 1921, and became a professor at Nanjing Institute of Technology (now Southeast University), and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

Liu Dunzhen devoted his life to teaching architecture and promoting traditional Chinese architectural culture.

Chinese name: Liu Dunzhen

Nationality: Chinese

Birthplace: Xinning County, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province

Date of birth: September 19, 1897

Date of death: May 10, 1968Please fill in the form by referring to the description of the item. If an item does not fit

Occupation: Educational researcher

Graduated from: Tokyo Advanced Institute of Technology (now Tokyo Institute of Technology)

Major Achievements: Elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (member of the Academic Department)

Won the First Prize of the National Scientific and Technological Advancement in 1981

Representative Works: "An Overview of the Residence of China", "The A Brief History of Ancient Chinese Architecture", "Classical Gardens of Suzhou"

Biography

Born on September 19, 1897 in Xinning County, Hunan Province.

In 1913, Liu Dunzhen was admitted to study in Japan at official expense.

In 1916, he was enrolled in the Mechanical Section of the Tokyo Higher Technical School and transferred to the Architecture Section in the following year, where he received his bachelor's degree in 1921.

In 1922, he returned to China to work as an architect for the Shanghai Silk Textile Company, and together with Liu Shi-ying, he established the first Chinese-run Huahai Architects Office.

In 1923, he and Liu Shi-ying established the Architecture Department of Suzhou Industrial Specialized School and served as lecturers, training the first batch of architectural engineering talents for the country.

In 1925, he became a lecturer in the Civil Engineering Department of Hunan University; in 1927, he became an associate professor in the Architecture Department of Central University; and in 1930, he joined the China Construction Society.

In 1933, he became a researcher and director of documentation of the China Construction Society;

In 1943-1949, he founded China's earliest Department of Architecture at the Central University, and served as a professor and head of the Department of Architecture and dean of the College of Engineering of the Central University;

In 1949, the Central University was renamed as Nanjing University, and he became a professor of the Department of Architecture of Nanjing University.

In 1952, when the engineering school of Nanjing University was formed independently, Liu Dunzhen was transferred to be the professor and head of the architecture department of Nanjing University of Technology (today's Southeast University), and the director of the Chinese Architecture Research Laboratory of the East China Architecture Design Company and Nanjing University of Technology (the name of the research laboratory and the relationship between the research laboratory and its affiliation changed repeatedly, and the final name of the research laboratory was: Nanjing branch of the Architecture Research Laboratory of the Architecture Science Institute of the Ministry of Architecture and Engineering, Liu Dunzhen was appointed as the professor and head of the architecture department. (The name and affiliation of the laboratory was changed repeatedly and finally named: Nanjing Branch of the Architectural Theory and History Research Laboratory of the Academy of Architectural Science, Ministry of Construction and Engineering, with Liu Dunzhen as the Deputy Director of the Research Laboratory and Director of the Nanjing Branch.)

In 1951, he was elected as a deputy to the Nanjing People's Congress; in 1954, he was elected as a deputy to the Jiangsu People's Congress; and in 1964, he was elected as a deputy to the Third National People's Congress.

In 1955, he was appointed as a first-class professor and a member of the Department of Technical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In 1956, he joined the Chinese ****production party. He is the first and second vice president of the Civil Engineering and Architectural Society of Jiangsu Province. In addition, he also served as a director and chairman of the national and provincial and municipal architectural societies.

Between 1957 and 1959, he visited Poland, the Soviet Union and India on behalf of China's architectural and cultural circles.

Died in Nanjing on May 10, 1968, aged 71 years.

Major Achievements

Scientific Achievements

Liu Dunzhen wrote the following papers: "The Influence of Buddhism on Chinese Architecture", "Survey of the Rulai Hall of the Zhihua Temple in Beiping", "Notes on the Dajiang Room", "The Changling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty", "Report on the Survey of Ancient Architecture in Datong", "The Qing Western Mausoleum of Yixian County", "A Brief Account of the Investigation of Ancient Architecture in the Western Part of Hebei Province", "Survey of Ancient Architecture in the Northern Part of Henan Province" and "Overview of the Investigation of Ancient Architecture in Southwest China". Survey Overview" and other papers, for the study of ancient architecture in China to set a model, a lifetime of dedication to teaching architecture and the promotion of traditional Chinese architectural culture, focusing on residential and ancient architectural surveys, the founding of the Chinese Institute of Architecture for Chinese architectural education and one of the pioneers of the study of ancient architecture in China.

Design

Liu Dunzhen founded the Huahai Architects Office, which did many designs in Shanghai and other places. He later designed the Hunan University teaching building and the city's famous Tianxin Pavilion in Changsha, and a number of civil buildings in Nanjing, as well as the Guanghua Pavilion in front of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the student dormitory and cafeteria of the Central University, and the Central Library's reading building, etc. The remodeling of Nanjing's Zhan Yuan from 1960 to 1966 was the most successful and last of his architectural productions, and a concrete practice of his research on gardens.

Departmental Guidelines

Liu Dunzhen's guidelines for the Department of Architecture at the Central University were to synthesize the strengths of the architectural disciplines of Europe, America, and Japan, and to train architects who would focus on architectural design and strengthen their knowledge of building structures and building construction, so as to become architects who possessed a wide range of scientific knowledge and good design and performance skills, and who could properly solve the practical problems of our country. It also established a four-year academic system, with courses calculated on the basis of credits. These principles have not only become the basis for the department's operation for decades, but also become an important reference for the new construction of this specialty in sister colleges and universities.

The compilation and publication of Suzhou Classical Gardens won the first prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award in 1981.

Liu Dunzhen's diligent research on Chinese ancient architecture and his achievements have earned him a high status and reputation in the academic world. He conducted a large number of scientific research surveys in six provinces in North China during 1933-1937, ****wrote 35 papers, survey reports, reading notes, etc., about 650,000 words; and co-authored 7 papers with other scholars, 300,000 words. He studied China's ancient official architecture (palaces, altars, temples, temples, etc.) and the "construction method", "Ministry of Public Works engineering practices". During the war of resistance against Japan, he investigated the ancient buildings in Yunnan, Sichuan, Xikang and other places, filled a major gap in the history of China's architecture. 1950, he participated in the work of Nanjing City and Jiangsu Province's Cultural Affairs Bureau, the Nanjing city inside and outside of the ancient buildings and ancient burials, carried out a number of investigations, wrote a repair or protection plan. 1952, began the investigation and research on the domestic traditional houses.

The author of "An Introduction to Chinese Dwellings" and "History of Ancient Chinese Architecture"; the author of "A Survey of the Rulai Hall of Zhihua Temple in Beiping" and "An Overview of the Survey of Ancient Architecture in Southwest China"; and the publisher of "Collected Writings of Liu Dunzhen" (4-volume set) and "The Complete Works of Liu Dunzhen" (10-volume set).

Writings and Honors

In 1956, he published a monograph entitled "An Introduction to Chinese Residence", which set off a wave of comprehensive research in this field in the domestic academic circles. Later, he also carried out research on Chinese classical gardens, he led his assistants to Suzhou large, medium and small typical gardens, detailed mapping, eight or nine years to draw more than 2,000 pieces of mapping drawings, more than 20,000 photographs, more than 100,000 words of text. This work was interrupted by the "Cultural Revolution", and the manuscript was published in 1979 by his assistants and descendants. After publication, it became famous in China and abroad, and was translated into English and Japanese for publication. He focused on the architectural history and part of the archaeology of the old, middle-aged and young academic elites, presided over the preparation of a brief history of Chinese architecture and the history of ancient Chinese architecture, which lasted seven years, rewritten eight times, and finally became a book in 1966. The book is still an important reference book, and was awarded the special prize of excellent teaching materials for national colleges and universities in 1988.

Major works

1 Liu Dunzhen. The Influence of Buddhism on Chinese Architecture. Shanghai: Science Magazine, 1928, 13(2).

2 Liu Dunzhen. The relationship between the Falong Temple and the architectural styles of the Han and Sixth Dynasties. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1932, 3(1).

3Liu Dunzhen. Beiping Zhihua Temple Rulai Hall investigation record. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1932, 3 (3).

4Liu Dunzhen. Notes on the Dazhuang Room. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1932, 3 (3). 1933, 3 (4).

5Liu Dunzhen. The calculation of the example of the pagoda. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1933, 4(1).

6Liu Dunzhen. The Ming Changling Tomb. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1933, 4(2).

7 Liu Dunzhen. The history of the restoration of the Yuanmingyuan. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1933, 4 (2, 3, 4).

8Liu Dunzhen. The description of stone axle-pillar bridges (Xi'an Ba, _, Feng three bridges). Beiping: Zhongguo Zaoyu Xuexuehui. 1934, 5(1).

9 Liu Dunzhen. The Stone Pillars of Northern Qi in Dingxing County. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1934, 5(2).

10 Liu Dunzhen. The Qing Dynasty Tombs in Yixian County. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1935, 5(3).

11 Liu Dunzhen. A Survey of Ancient Buildings in Western Hebei Province. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1935, 5(4).

12 Liu Dunzhen. The ruins of the Guoguo Temple in Beiping. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1935, 6 (2).

13 Liu Dunzhen. The Qing Dynasty Imperial Palace and Yamen map of the age of the examination. Beiping: China construction society repertory, 1935, 6 (2).

14 Liu Dunzhen. Suzhou ancient architecture survey. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1936, 6(3).

15 Liu Dunzhen. Ancient Architecture in Northern Henan Province. Beiping: China Construction Society, 1937, 6(4).

16 Liu Dunzhen. Ancient Architecture in Hebei Province: Notes on the Survey of Ancient Architecture. Beiping: Liu Dunzhen anthology. Volume III, Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1987: 1-23.

17Liu Dunzhen. The ancient architectural survey notes of Henan. Beijing: Collected Works of Liu Dunzhen. The third volume. China Construction Industry Press, 1987: 24-87.

18 Liu Dunzhen. Longmen Grottoes Survey Notes. Liu Dunzhen, the collected works of Liu Dunzhen. The third volume. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1987: 129-139.

19 Liu Dunzhen. Notes on the investigation of ancient architecture in Henan and Shaanxi provinces. Liu Dunzhen, the Anthology of Ancient Architecture in Henan and Shaanxi Provinces. The third volume. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1987: 140-156.

20Liu Dunzhen. The Survey of Zhougong Temple in Gucheng. Chongqing: National Academy of Central Studies, May 1939.

21 Liu Dunzhen. The survey of ancient architecture in southwest China. Liu Dunzhen collection of essays. The third volume. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1987: 320-358.

22Liu Dunzhen. The survey of ancient architecture in Yunnan Province. Liu Dunzhen, the collected works of Liu Dunzhen. Volume III. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1987: 359-401.

23Liu Dunzhen. Pagodas in Yunnan. Sichuan Nanxi Li Zhuang. China Construction Society, 1943: 7.

24Liu Dunzhen. The Pagoda in Yunnan: A Review of the Chinese Pagoda in Nanxi, Sichuan. Liu Dunzhen, the Han Que of Sichuan and Kang. The third volume. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1987: 429-442.

25 Liu Dunzhen. China's corridor bridge. The history of science and technology anthology. The second series. Shanghai: Science and Technology Press, 1979: 9-13.

26 Liu Dunzhen. The East and West Halls of the Six Dynasties. Chongqing: Shuo Wen Monthly, Vol. 4, 1944.

27 Liu Dunzhen. Suzhou Yunyan Temple Pagoda. Cultural relics. July 1954, Beijing: Cultural Relics Press, 27-38.

28 Liu Dunzhen. Diary of a visit to India. Liu Dunzhen anthology. Volume IV, Beijing: China building industry press, 1993.

29 Liu Dunzhen. Lubang building formal - cultural relics. February 1962, Beijing: cultural relics publishing house, 9-11.

30 Liu Dunzhen. History of ancient Chinese architecture (teaching manuscript). Liu dunzhen anthology. The fourth volume. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1993.

31 Liu Dunzhen. Characteristics and Transformation of Ancient Chinese Architecture. Liu Dunzhen, The Characteristics and Transformation of Ancient Chinese Architecture. Volume 4, Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1993.

32Liu Dunzhen. An Introduction to Chinese Residence. Beijing: Architectural Engineering Press, 1957.

33 Liu Dunzhen. History of Ancient Chinese Architecture. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1980.

34 Liu Dunzhen. The Classical Gardens of Suzhou. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1979.

35 Liu Dunzhen et al. A Brief History of Chinese Architecture. Beijing: China Industry Press, 1962.

Honors

Elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

Character Evaluation

Liu Dunzhen has always been conscientious and responsible in his work, rigorous in his studies, disciplined in himself, tireless in his teachings, loving the motherland, and indifferent to fame and fortune. On the eve of the war, the Japanese army occupied the Northeast and Jehol, and knowing that Liu Dunzhen had studied in Japan and had expertise in ancient architecture, they asked him to go to Chengde to renovate the summer residence for the pseudo-manufacturers, and gave him 100,000 yen in advance. In the face of the Japanese army's strong pressure, he did not hesitate to refuse.

Liu Dunzhen's scientific research achievements in his life, his descendants have compiled his academic papers and other compilations for the "Liu Dunzhen Anthology" 4 volumes, published by the China Construction Press.