200 words of folk custom in Kaifeng.

It is a program evolved from ancient weapons. The whip is 6 meters long and weighs 10 Jin. The actor hits the target with both hands. (Targets range from newspapers to cigarettes) ...

Inverted folk music

The first folk music program in China that integrates acrobatics and folk music performances is very difficult.

Brain marbles

It is a thrilling and extremely difficult program circulated in ancient Buddhism and Taoism.

Qigong fires fire.

Also known as qigong spitting fire. It originated in Kyoto, the capital of the heyday of the Song Dynasty, with a history of 1000 years. Qigong fire breathing is deeply loved by people because of its mystery, locality, appreciation and entertainment. This program won the Guinness Book of Records for China TV. China folk stunt competition gold medal.

Zuandaoshan volcano.

The actor flew in a circle with two knives and one fire, two meters high and one meter wide. This is a very exciting program. ...

Kaifeng cockfighting

Kaifeng Cockfighting Speaking of cockfighting, it is really a must in China. The history of cockfighting is much longer than other fighting animals in the world. From the Northern Song Dynasty to modern times, Kaifeng cockfighting has been popular among the people. Chicken lovers, commonly known as "fighting cocks" in Kaifeng, enjoy fighting cocks. Cockfighting lovers love practicing martial arts and drinking. They are loyal and disciplined. People who play cockfighting have a tradition of "no matter how close". If someone really loves chickens, they can give them away for free through a friend's introduction, but they must abide by the rules: cockfighting can only be autotrophic, not transferable, and can't mate with other chickens. If you can't continue feeding halfway for some reason, you can send the original chicken back or slaughter it yourself, but you must return the head and feet of the chicken to the original owner to show your loyalty. If you are not a fan, you are just seeking for others, even your closest relatives and friends are empty words. Therefore, people who play cockfighting, in the eyes of outsiders, are "would rather give up a thousand dollars than an egg", let alone chickens.

The degree to which Kaifeng people love chickens is exaggerated by cockfighting enthusiasts, that is, they treat chickens as children. The warmth and nutrition of the chicken always worries the owner. Chicken feed should be scoured repeatedly. Because they are worried that chickens will get leg disease when they lie on the concrete floor, people sieve cinders every day and spread them under the cover. In the cockfighting season in winter, people often make a cloth cover to wrap the chicken, or unbutton their clothes and hold the chicken in their arms. The purpose of loving chickens like children in this way is to maintain their strong physique and combat effectiveness.

The biggest feature of Kaifeng cockfighting is the purity of chicken breeds and very strict selection. The first five generations of cockfighters will carefully remember who their parents are. Inbreeding is absolutely not allowed when selecting seeds. The purpose of human breeding is to fight, so besides strict standards and requirements for seed selection, there are also unique management methods for breeding and training. According to the experience of Kaifeng cockfighting experts, if the cockfighting varieties are good, you will never be able to play a good level without paying attention to breeding and strengthening training.

Training cockfighting is also very interesting. Every day at dawn, chickens begin to be driven away. Chicken in front, people behind, speed from slow to fast, time from short to long. After 20 days, it can be extended to about 1 hour, and then they can rest and drink water. 10 o'clock, let the chicken out of the cover and "walk" in the wide field, let it move freely and promote mental relaxation. /kloc-"feed" around 0/2 o'clock, and rest in the hood after eating. Take a second "walk" at three or four in the afternoon, and then "train the chicken" one hour later, so that the chicken can make various postures such as jumping over the hood and dunking with both legs, and rest after half an hour. Before dark at night, eat more "tonic food". This kind of training can make cockfighting strong, strong legs and agile movements, which is conducive to fighting.

Every year, the second day of the first lunar month is the day of cockfighting competition. February 2, March 3 and April 4 of the lunar calendar are also good seasons for cockfighting. Except the second day of the first month, the competition time in February, March and April is not fixed, and it is usually chosen on the first Sunday at the beginning of the month. After the date is chosen, we will choose the cockfighting pit. The so-called "chicken pit" is named because the ground of cockfighting is lower than the surrounding ground. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the "cockpit" of Kaifeng has been in the square outside the east gate of Licheng in the north of Kaifeng.

Now, choose Longting Park, Pagoda Park and Suoguo Temple. Every time there is a cockfighting competition, there are many spectators in the cockfighting pit, which is very lively. The host of the cockfighting pit is called "Jitoujia" and "Jitoujia". The rooster's head is also the referee who wins or loses the cockfighting, or the introducer who finds the right guy for the cockfighting. The two sides are cockfighting in a cockfighting pit. First, bridge the bridge with the head of a chicken, talk about it, and then look at each other's chickens. This is called "moving eyes". The principle is that only those with the same size, weight and chicken age can participate in the competition. The head of the chicken gave the order: "Pull the chicken!" Both sides hold chickens and enter the stadium. The head of the chicken ordered again: "Prepare". The two sides squatted in the circle with chickens in their arms, and the heads of the two cocks took a group photo. After the chicken head shouted "sprinkle chicken", both sides let go at the same time and withdrew from the meeting. 15 minutes is a plate. At both ends of the chicken pit, there is a bucket of clear water for "making water", that is, after one or two dishes are finished, in order to keep the cockfighting awake and prevent the chicken's body temperature from rising further, at the request of both parties or one party, after the chicken head orders "gathering chickens", both parties will pick up the chicken, then soak the towel, wash the blood in the chicken head and mouth first, and then soak the chicken's chest, abdomen and wings with clear water. There is a rule in the cockfighting pit that has been formed for many years, that is, no matter how wonderful and tenacious the two sides fight, they are not allowed to clap their hands and applaud, so as not to cause trouble in the fight. Not only on the court, but also when watching others fighting cocks off the court. According to the old people, watching others fight cocks can only be praised, not bad. One praised the host for pouring tea, two praised the host for taking cigarettes, three praised the host for taking wine, and four praised the host for taking out roast chicken to entertain guests. If you don't know this custom, when you see a chicken, you will say that it is a bad chicken. You say cold, you will be driven away. When the host ordered the guests to leave, no matter how sweet words, it was hard to save the embarrassing situation. Cockfighting was a kind of gambling in ancient times. Nowadays, cockfighting has become a social sports competition and folk entertainment.

Kaifeng painting art

As a world-recognized historical city, Kaifeng has a unique performance in painting art. The golden age of painting art in Kaifeng history is the Northern Song Dynasty. The highest institution leading the national painting circle is the Hanlin Painting Academy in Tokyo. In the first year of Song Yongxi (984), Emperor Taizong established the Hanlin Painting Academy, a royal painting academy integrating creation, collection, research and teaching. After nearly a century and a half of development, the painting art in Kaifeng and even the whole country has been pushed to a new stage.

The works of the painters of Hanlin Academy of Painting (also known as Academy of Painting) carry forward realistic creative techniques, pay attention to realism, and have exquisite and beautiful styles. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is one of the representative works of this style. The Academy of Painting is famous for its meticulous brushwork of flowers, birds and landscapes in the history of painting in China. Fu Wenyong, Cui Bai, Guo Zhongshu, Dai Wan, Gao, Liu Yong, Guo, Su Shi and the Emperor all have profound attainments in this field, and there are a large number of masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. The Painting Academy has not only become a place where giants of flower beds gather in China, but also recruited students and taught painting skills through strict examinations and recommendations, and trained many famous painters. It is precisely because of the promotion of the Academy of Painting that Tokyo at that time became a painting resort with talented people.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Kaifeng produced famous painters, such as Gui Wang and Jiang Shi. Among them, Wang Gui painted landscapes with dense layout and profound interest. Because Kaifeng was the leading city in the Central Plains at that time, many foreigners came here to engage in painting creation. Kaifeng City was revived and its culture flourished in Ming Dynasty. Famous painters such as Zhang Lu, Zhang, Sun Wenzong appeared. Among them, three paintings are good at landscape flowers and birds, and Zhang Lu has a masterpiece "The Hat Falling on the Mountain". Liu Yuan, Wang and other famous painters came all the way from Kaifeng and left their paintings behind. Liu Yuan's landscape figures are super healthy and grotesque, and the freehand brushwork of flowers, birds and dragons is wonderful. Gong Wu also painted landscapes, people and flowers, especially dragons. Judging from the cultural relics and painted buildings in Kaifeng today, there were many painters here in the Qing Dynasty. Such as Longting, Suoguo Temple, Yuwangtai, Yanqing Temple and Shanshan-Gansu Guild Hall. You can see the ink left by painters in the Qing Dynasty.

Kaifeng calligraphy art

Kaifeng is the hinterland of China, and the art of calligraphy has a rich historical fertile soil, which is in an important position to lead the pack. As early as the Han Dynasty, Cai Yong was a master of the art of Han steles. His daughter Cai Yan is also one of the outstanding female calligraphers of Chinese characters in the history of China. Ruan Ji and his nephew Ruan Xian were called "Dayuan" in the Three Kingdoms period. On Sheng Da (Dayuan) and Qi Jin Xian Tie (Xiao Yuan) were handed down from generation to generation. Both Jiang Yan and Mao in Nanhu Lake have calligraphy theory and calligraphy handwriting. Zheng Daozhao in the Northern Wei Dynasty is as famous as Wang Xizhi in the South. Sun was a famous calligrapher and calligrapher theorist in the Tang Dynasty, and his own Book Score was regarded as a treasure.

Throughout the historical corridor of calligraphy, Kaifeng calligraphy masters are almost everywhere in various periods, with prominent positions and dazzling. Now, the selection of their important people is as follows.

Cai Yong

(133- 192), a native of Zibo, is versatile and well-read. He is familiar with Confucian classics, temperament, astronomy, industrial painting and calligraphy, and is good at playing drums and playing the piano and writing. Calligraphy, specializing in official script, seal script, especially official script. Its official script structure is rigorous, stippling and pitching, and its style is changeable, with comments of "bold, cool and radiant". At that time, many inscriptions at the end of the Han Dynasty were written by Cai Yong, which was called "ever-changing body".

Sun guoting

Sun is a famous calligrapher and calligrapher in Tang Dynasty. Sun is good at calligraphy, especially cursive script. His cursive script follows the statutes of two kings (Wang Xizhi, King of Jin and his father and son), and he is skillful in writing, handsome and vigorous, which is still different from Shantang. Mi Fei, a calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, thought that "the grass was better than the two kings in the Tang Dynasty, which was second to none. "

Song Sijia.

Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Zhixiang are four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty, and they are called "Song Sijia". Because Tokyo was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, they all lived in Kyoto, so many calligraphy activities were held in Kaifeng, and their calligraphy of calligraphy theory and Mo Bao had a great influence on later generations.

Song Huizong

Song Huizong (1082- 1 135) is Evonne. Emperor and painter of the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was in office, he widely collected antique paintings and calligraphy, recruited painters and expanded the Hanlin Painting Academy. Let the whole editor "Xuanhe Book Spectrum", "Xuanhe Book List Spectrum" and so on. He is good at calligraphy. He learned from Xue Yao in real calligraphy and created a "thin book" as sharp as "bending iron and breaking gold". The thin gold book "horizontal pen with hook, vertical pen with point, leaving it like a dagger, pressing it like a knife, vertical hook slender, individual Lian Bi like a hairspring", full of personality, also writing crazy grass, there are real books and cursive scripts such as "Thousands of Words".

modern calligraphy

The long river of Kaifeng calligraphy art meanders into the river bed of modern calligraphy, which is more surging under the impetus of the ancient calligraphy art tradition. During the Republic of China, Kaifeng was also the capital of Henan Province, with a wealth of humanities and celebrities, and a large number of national first-class calligraphers appeared. For example, Wei Bei master Xu Jun, gifted scholar Yuan, Guan Baiyi who went in and out of the Han and Wei Dynasties, Ding Kangbao who is famous for his calligraphy and painting and has a book monograph, Oracle Bone Inscriptions expert Dong Zuobin, a famous scholar in the book list, and those who entered the book world with him.

Royal Buddhist Temple: Dasuoguo Temple in Kaifeng

Suoguo Temple is located in the north of the west section of Ziyou Road, Kaifeng City, Henan Province. It is one of the famous Buddhist temples in China. Legend has it that it was the former residence of Xin, the son of Wei during the Warring States Period. Tianbao in the Northern Qi Dynasty (555 years) established the "Jianguo Temple" here, which was later destroyed by fire and water disasters. It has a history of 1400 years. In the early Tang Dynasty, this is the residence of Sima Zheng Jing in Xuzhou. In the first year of Wu Zetian's Chang 'an (70 1), monk Huiyun boarded Anye Temple and found a mirage in the former Zheng Jingzhai pool. He thought this place was full of aura, so he raised money to build this temple. In the second year of Tang Zhongzong Shenlong (706), Huiyun went to Zhou Pu (now north of Juancheng, Shandong Province) to cast a Maitreya Buddha with a height of 10, and returned to Kaifeng House in the first year of Ruizong Jingyun (7 10). The following year, Huiyun raised funds to buy the temple built by Zheng Jingfu, dug up the monument of the old Jianguo Temple when digging the foundation, and later used the name of "Jianguo Temple". In the second year (the first year of Yanhe River), Zong Rui's imperial edict was renamed Suoguo Temple, and a plaque was given to it, which was called Suoguo Temple in history. During the reign of Emperor Zhaozong in Dashun (890 ~ 89 1), it was burned and rebuilt. In Song Taizu (962), another fire broke out in May and was rebuilt later.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Suoguo Temple was the largest Buddhist temple in Kaifeng. It took seven years from the first year of Taoism (995) to the fourth year of Zhenzong Xianping (100 1). The expanded Suoguo Temple covers an area of 545 mu, with magnificent temples, rows of monasteries and flowers all over the courtyard, which is known as "resplendent and magnificent, with light clouds and light winds". The abbot of the temple was canonized by the emperor. Suoguo Temple became an important place for the emperor to watch, pray, celebrate his birthday and handle foreign affairs on weekdays, and was called the "Imperial Palace". Many foreign monks come to Suoguo Temple for cultural exchange activities. In Song Taizu, Indian Prince Manshuri became a monk, then came to China and lived in Sokogi for many years. In the seventh year of Xining in Song Shenzong (1074), Choe Sixun of North Korea took several painters to the temple and copied all the murals in the temple back to China. During the Zongshen period, Sung Hoon, a Japanese monk, lived here. In Song Huizong, Hui Zong presented the North Korean envoy with a plaque of "Big Sokokuji". In addition, the temple fair "Suoguo Temple Wanxing Trade" is held five times a year, making the temple an important place for political, commercial, social and cultural activities.

After the Song Dynasty, Suoguo Temple became increasingly depressed. In the second year of Ming Hongwu (1396), it was rebuilt and flooded. In the fourth year of Yongle (1406) and the twentieth year of Chenghua (1484), it was renovated twice, and a gold plaque was given to the "Temple of Worship for Fa". In the 16th year of Jiajing (1537), Zishengge was rebuilt. It was rebuilt in the thirty-second year of Jiajing (1553) and the thirty-fifth year of Wanli (1607). In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), the Yellow River flooded, Kaifeng was flooded and buildings were completely destroyed. In the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (166 1), the Shanmen, Tianwang Hall and Daxiong Hall were rebuilt and renamed Suoguo Temple. In the tenth year of Kangxi (167 1), the Tibetan Scripture Building was rebuilt. From the 16th to 21st year of Kangxi, the central nave and the left and right cloisters were built. It was rebuilt in the 31st year of Qianlong (1766), and all the existing temples were built at that time. In the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing, Zhihai Temple was rebuilt, and some sporadic repairs were also carried out during Daoguang and Guangxu years. In the early years of the Republic of China (1912 ~1919), the Bajiao Temple was renovated and the Dharma Hall was rebuilt. In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), Feng Yuxiang changed Suoguo Temple to "Zhongshan Market". In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), Herry Liu moved the provincial public education museum to Suoguo Temple. From 65438 to 0949, after the founding of New China, Suoguo Temple was rebuilt and restored.

The existing Sokokuji is a traditional axisymmetric layout in China. The main buildings are: the gate, the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Major Hall, the octagonal glass hall and the Tibetan Scripture Building, which are distributed from south to north along the central axis. On both sides of the hall, the attic and the corridor stand opposite each other. The Sutra Pavilion and the Hall of the Great Hero are both buildings in Qing Dynasty, with double eaves and double arches and yellow-green glazed tiles. The temple and platform are surrounded by white stone railings. The octagonal glazed hall rises from the central high pavilion, surrounded by verandahs, glazed tiles on the roof and wall clocks on both wings. There is a giant Guanyin statue with thousands of hands and eyes on all sides in the temple, which is about 7 meters high and covered with gold. According to legend, it was carved into a whole ginkgo tree, which was extremely beautiful. There is a giant bell of the Qing dynasty about 4 meters high on the bell tower, weighing more than 10 thousand Jin. It is called "Guo Xiang Frost Bell" and is one of the eight scenic spots in Kaifeng.

There is a Buddhist relic from Malaysia in the same temple, which is white and complete, and contains two Buddhist scriptures, namely Qingganlong Tripitaka and Japanese Tazheng Tibetan.

The current abbot of Suoguo Temple is Master Wu Xue, 43, whose ancestral home is Chongming, Shanghai. Executive director of China Buddhist Association, vice president of Henan Buddhist Association, president of Kaifeng Buddhist Association and member of the Standing Committee of Henan Provincial Political Consultative Conference. At present, Wu Xue, a 55-year-old master from Xinyang, is being held in the prison. He is currently the executive director of the Henan Buddhist Association and the Kaifeng Buddhist Association. ?

open

Kaifeng, called Bianliang and Bianjing in ancient times, is a famous historical and cultural city in China and one of the seven ancient capitals with a history of more than 3,000 years. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, in order to open up the frontier, Zheng built a city here, hence the name Kaifeng. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Tokyo was resplendent and magnificent, with a population of over one million, goods concentrated in the north and south, economic prosperity, beautiful scenery and rich products. It is not only the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country, but also one of the most prosperous cities in the world, and is known as "Bianjing is rich in the world" as an "international city".

Kaifeng is located in the vast eastern Henan plain, with no mountains, many rivers and lakes, mild climate, abundant rainfall, rich groundwater resources and good natural ecological environment. The rivers in Kaifeng belong to the Yellow River and Huaihe River. Among them, there are 32 rivers, including Yellow River, Wohe River, Huiji River and so on, with a basin area of over 6,543.8+0,000 square kilometers. There are three garden attractions in the urban area: Long Ting, Iron Tower and Yuwangtai. Baogong Lake, Longting Lake and Tieta Lake are connected by water system, and the lake area accounts for a quarter of the urban area, so it is called the northern water city. According to 1999 statistics, the urban greening coverage rate is 34.4%, and the national forest coverage rate is higher than the national average. The average noise is 57.2 decibels, the comprehensive index of air pollution is 88.7, and the standard rate of drinking water quality is over 95%, all of which are controlled within the national standards. Trees are mainly paulownia, willow and Sophora japonica. Yellow River Beach and Liuyuankou Wetland Nature Reserve are natural habitats for many birds. Crops are mainly wheat, cotton, corn, soybeans and peanuts. Oil, natural gas and underground mineral water resources are also abundant.

Kaifeng is a famous historical and cultural city with profound cultural accumulation. Kaifeng, as the capital of Song Dynasty, lasted for 168 years. Therefore, in many cultural expressions, it embodies the characteristics of Song Wenhua. In terms of traditional opera culture in China, Kaifeng is the birthplace of Hunan opera tune, and the famous Henan opera performers Chen Suzhen and Chang Xiangyu are famous in Kaifeng and the whole country. Kaifeng's painting and calligraphy art enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. Kaifeng acrobatics can be traced back to "Hundred Dramas", "Daoism", "Goulan" and "Washe" in the Song Dynasty, with a long history and superb skills. Kaifeng is rich in food culture and is the birthplace of Henan cuisine in the Central Plains. Kaifeng night market, which has lasted for thousands of years, is a unique cultural landscape in Kaifeng, integrating traditional Chinese snacks, stalls, diners and cooking cigarettes. Kaifeng folk customs and folk culture are more colorful. Kaifeng drum, which originated in the Northern Wei Dynasty, is bold and unconstrained in style, shocking and extraordinary. Folk entertainment, cockfighting, dog fighting, flying kites and other folk cultural activities.

Kaifeng is located on the south bank of the Yellow River in the east of Henan Province, about 80 kilometers east of Zhengzhou. It is one of the central cities of inland two-way opening up along the Eurasian Continental Bridge. With a total area of 6,444 square kilometers and a total population of 45 1 10,000, it governs five counties of Weishi, Qixian, Tongxu, Lankao and Kaifeng, and five districts of Gulou, Long Ting, Nanguan, Shunhe and Suburb. It is a provincial capital city with all-round development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and also a major commodity distribution center in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and a new economic belt connecting Longhai-Lan.

Location: Located in the eastern Henan plain, south wing of alluvial fan in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.

Area: 6444 square kilometers, including 395 square kilometers in the urban area.

Population: The total population is 4.6 million, of which the urban population is 80 1 000.

Administrative Division: Administering Gulou District, Longting District, Nanguan District, Suburb, Qixian County, Tongxu County, Weishi County, Kaifeng County and lankao county.

Overview: Kaifeng, located in the east of Henan Province, is one of the seven ancient capitals in China. It is called "the city of seven dynasties". Kaifeng has a long history. As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, it was the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country, and it was also one of the most prosperous cities in the world at that time. It was called "International City".

Landscape: Long Ting, Yuwangtai, Dasuoguo Temple, Qingming Shanghe Garden, Juniper Royal Street.

Kaifeng is rich in tourism resources and is listed as a key tourist city in the Central Plains tourist area by the National Tourism Administration.

Cultural relics and historical sites are mainly in the Song Dynasty, with complete features in Yuan, Ming, Qing and early Republic of China. Long Ting, Iron Tower, Suoguo Temple, Fanta, Yanqing Temple, Shaanxi-Gansu Guild Hall, Yuwangtai and many other places of interest have unique styles. The lake in the city is like a pearl, and it is known as the "Northern Water City". The newly-built "Song Duyu Street" and "Dasuoguo Market" are antique buildings with large scale and different styles. Riverside Garden on Qingming Festival reproduces the grand occasion of Tokyo, the capital of the Song Dynasty.