Comparative reading of western Zhou dynasty songs and Mulan poems

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1.

They all inherited the realistic spirit of Zhou folk songs and Han Yuefu folk songs. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties when formalism was rampant, the appearance of these two folk songs was fresh and full of vigor, which was a new force and fresh blood in the literary world of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

2. Languages and systems

The language forms of Xizhou Qu and Mulan Poetry are mainly five words. Judging from the maturity and exquisiteness of the language, there are traces of literati's processing and modification in the spread of the two folk songs. However, in describing natural scenery, portraying characters' psychology, and rendering the scene atmosphere, the language is clean and vivid, the artistic generalization is strong, and the life atmosphere is strong, all of which maintain a kind of cordial and beautiful folk song style. Most of the north-south folk songs are short and pithy, and the system is exquisite, while "Xizhou Song" and "Mulan Poetry" are rare typical north-south novels.

3. Tragic

The third girl in Song of Xizhou was infatuated and drunk, and devoted herself to her lover all her life. But her infatuation and her truth will never be complete. The person she was thinking about and waiting for never showed up. What she performed was actually a tragedy. In Mulan Poetry, Mulan disguised herself as a man and joined the army instead of her father. The hardships in the war didn't make her back down, and she finally won. Her loyalty and courage can be used as a mirror of the bright moon. After Mulan's triumph, as a woman, she could not accept the knighthood of the emperor. It is a great sorrow for her relatives to greet her with a smile behind her surrender. The tragic fate of the two heroines shows that in ancient feudal society, male supremacy, no matter what virtue women have, what earth-shattering wisdom and talent they have, can not escape the social vision of male supremacy; Neither tenderness nor extraordinary bravery can change the tragic reality that women are oppressed and discriminated against.

4. The virtue of women

The endless deep affection in Xizhou Song is the heroine's persistence and loyalty to love. In Mulan's Poems, Mulan loves her family, loves her country, goes forward bravely without fear of difficulties and obstacles, and returns home in triumph. Both folk songs show the virtues of working women in ancient China. The heroine in Xizhou Song never leaves her lover. Although the lover hasn't been home for a long time, he still sends his love to the plum blossom, confides his dreams in the wind, and always misses his sweetheart far away, which shows that he is brave and tender. In Hua Mulan's poems, Hua Mulan, as a woman who joined the army instead of her father, not only showed her filial piety to her parents, care and tenderness for her elderly father and children, but also showed her childlike feelings of deeply understanding the righteousness, taking care of the overall situation of the country and daring to defend the country with blood. When the country needed it, she stepped forward and galloped on the battlefield, making great contributions; After her triumphant return, whether for personal reasons or social reality, Mulan was willing to go back to her hometown to engage in peaceful labor again. She loves her country and her relatives, and her sense of responsibility for the country and her relatives is integrated, which embodies the excellent qualities of the Chinese nation, such as diligence, kindness, wit, courage, fortitude and simplicity. The heroines in these two folk songs, the former's persistence and devotion to love, and the latter's loyalty and kindness to the country and family, just show the traditional virtues of working women in ancient China.

Second, differences.

1. Different linguistic features show different social contents.

The language of Xizhou Qu is exquisite and refined, while that of Mulan Poetry is simple and fluent. The former presents a gentle and lovely natural landscape, while the latter presents a desolate and rough natural landscape. The former has bridges and flowers, and the latter is the Yellow River and Montenegro. The heroine in "Xizhou Qu" has a gentle and long-lasting lovesickness, which reflects from the side that the economy in the south is relatively prosperous, the society tends to be stable and the people's lives are relatively rich, so the heroine has leisure to miss the lovesickness and interpret her feelings. In Mulan's poems, Mulan, as a woman, was forced by the situation, riding a horse to fight for the country on behalf of her father, which reflected the war between various ethnic groups in the north, disrupted social stability and deepened the suffering of people's lives. Men who joined the army died in battle, so women disguised as men and joined the team.

2. The image of the heroine

The heroine in "Xizhou Song" is trapped in acacia and confined to the boudoir, while the heroine in "Mulan Poetry" walks out of the boudoir and gallops on the battlefield. The former is sad and tender, while the latter is heroic and extraordinary, which embodies the different degrees of bondage of traditional factors in southern society and northern society to women and the different awakening of women's consciousness and bravery.

3. Style characteristics

The women in "Song of Xizhou" are sad and lingering, and the style of the chapter is beautiful as running water, euphemistic and tortuous, which is not affectionate enough. The female images in Mulan's poems are bold and resolute, with rough composition, such as fluffy, moving with the wind and full of clouds. The former's sadness makes people pity, while the latter's hardness and softness make people respect.

4. Influence

The ideological content and artistic skills of Xizhou Qu and Mulan Poetry have their own influences on later generations. As a love song, Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, commented: "Poetry grows with each other, calyx is connected, swaying endlessly, and the feeling is more and more obvious." (The Origin of Ancient Poetry, Volume 12) The use of homophones in the Western Zhou Dynasty, such as "Mei" meaning "Zhong" and "Lian" meaning "Xi", is subtle and graceful, full of amorous feelings and full of charm, which is a good reference for later poets and poets. The love content in folk songs also has a certain influence on the choice of literary themes in later generations. After the Tang and Five Dynasties, the formation of "graceful and restrained school" borrowed from Xizhou Qu in terms of artistic conception and language. As a narrative folk song, Mulan Poetry is an unprecedented masterpiece of more than 300 words, which has played an exemplary role in the development of seven-character songs in the Tang Dynasty. The ideological content and artistic skills of Mulan's poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations. There is a saying in Bai Juyi's Mulan in the Tang Dynasty that "Mulan was once a girl", which shows that "Mulan Poetry" was popular in the middle Tang Dynasty. The simple and fluent language and vigorous style of Mulan Poetry promoted the generation of the bold spirit of later poetry.

In a word, the Northern and Southern Dynasties belong to the same era. Although the north is controlled by ethnic minorities, the folk songs written in the languages of northern ethnic minorities are branded with the characteristics of southern literature in language form after being introduced into the south and translated into Chinese. In addition, after Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang, he promoted Sinicization, making Chinese an official language, which had an impact on the convergence of literary creation between the North and the South. In addition, the mutual migration, economic exchange, cultural communication and exchange between the two sides, as well as the Confucian cultural roots of both sides, determine that "Xizhou Qu" and "Mulan Poetry" have * * * communication. In addition, the differences between Western Zhou Qu and Mulan Poetry are caused by different ruling classes, different national cultures, different economic and social backgrounds and different geographical environments.

Author: Wang Ansheng (Author: Siyuan Experimental School, Qixingguan District, Bijie City, Guizhou Province)