What are the ideas of "attaching importance to the frontier" and "consolidating the frontier" contained in the traditional world outlook?

The first is to attach great importance to the frontier politically.

In the process of realizing national reunification, the unified dynasty in history regarded the determination of the Central Plains and the unified frontier as two important contents of national political reunification without exception, and both of them were indispensable. After the reunification of the country, it is still an important content of frontier management to "secure the frontier" to prevent foreign enemies from invading, maintain the stability and development of the frontier and realize effective governance of the frontier. Therefore, border management is related to the unity and stability of the country and plays an important role in the overall national strategy. For example, the Han, Tang and Qing dynasties all attached importance to the strategic position of the northern frontier, the northwest frontier, the northeast frontier and the southwest frontier, and used various policies and strategies to govern the frontier around the central goal of national unity and stability? In order to adapt to the specific situation of border areas, ensure the stability of border areas, and thus consolidate and develop a unified multi-ethnic country.

Second, attach importance to strengthening the military deployment in the border areas and heavily guard the border areas.

Although the theory of civil administration represented by Confucianism advocates "morality is not dangerous" and "Xiu De is far-sighted", the objective gap between "center" and "periphery" in economic form and social structure makes it difficult to avoid contradictions and conflicts between the two sides. Therefore, rulers of all dynasties have deeply realized the relationship between strengthening the construction of military forces in the frontier and the long-term stability of the country from the fundamental principle of national unity. Therefore, it has become an important issue to ensure national security and social stability to standardize the composition of military forces in the mainland and the border and maintain the military presence in the border. Lu Zhi of the Tang Dynasty said: "The frontier is guarded by security guards; The guards are prepared for patrol. If they are not here, they will be brave. There is nothing more important than the great defense of the country. " Therefore, establishing a strong defense system, actively carrying out battlefield construction, enriching the border blockade, heavily guarding the border, strengthening border defense organizations and improving the bonfire system have become the basic premise to ensure the stability of border areas and the strong backing for the smooth implementation of border policies. Historically, all feudal dynasties that made great achievements in frontier management attached great importance to strengthening the deployment of frontier military forces from the perspective of geostrategy and maintaining a strong military presence in the frontier. At the same time, they maintained the strategic balance between the frontier and inland military forces, responded to major threats in a timely manner with strategic mobile forces, attached importance to the construction of border defense projects, and selected and appointed capable border defense commanders to guard the frontier, thus achieving "defending and securing the frontier" and strengthening border defense. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, a huge army was established to guard the western regions, and the local administrative system set up very strict military institutions such as Duhufu and its subordinate troops, towns, guards and fortresses. In the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners stationed in the frontier for a long time to strengthen their defense, and set up military institutions at all levels in the local administrative system, so as to set up checkpoints in key places, expand post stations, manage traffic, and jointly safeguard border security with border guards.

Thirdly, while emphasizing Qiang Bing as a rich country and China, we should attach importance to strengthening the economic construction in the border areas.

Due to natural and historical reasons, most border areas are backward in economy, sparsely populated and complex in ethnic composition. Therefore, the central plains dynasty faced many difficulties in defending the frontier and carrying out border military construction, the most difficult of which was how to carry out administrative control over the border areas, especially how to maintain troops and support military operations in the vast border areas. Because, in order to maintain great unity, promote "changing from Xia to Yi" and actively manage the frontier, a large number of troops need to be stationed in the frontier. However, the natural conditions in the border areas are difficult, and it is a long way to defend the border areas or conquer counterinsurgency, which is followed by difficulties in logistics supply. The so-called "the speed of carrying a heavy burden for a thousand miles and killing one stone in ten minutes" has caused a heavy burden to the mainland based on the agricultural economy of the Central Plains Dynasty. For example, when Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di fought in Xiqiang, the war was not big, but it was already "the north of Longxi, the west of stability, and the official polls lost, which cost a lot" and even "died of illness on the way". On the other hand, if we don't actively manage the frontier, it will lead to the weakness of the frontier defense, which can't effectively resist the harassment of the frontier nomads to the mainland, and it is difficult to ensure the safety of the hinterland of the empire, that is, the political and economic center, and to maintain the world order of "serving the people". At the same time, it also violates the Confucian benevolence and righteousness of "ruling the world" This is a dilemma in the management of border defense in past dynasties.

Therefore. It is necessary to strengthen the political, economic and military construction in the border areas, so as to strengthen border defense, strengthen the border, block traffic, effectively resist "barbarians" and ensure the stability and prosperity of the hinterland of the imperial center. The most important thing is to push the agricultural economy to the forefront. Chao Cuo of the Han Dynasty said that "guarding the frontier and preparing blockade lines and persuading farmers to start their own businesses are two urgent tasks". In order to "strengthen the frontier" and "strengthen the frontier" and effectively ensure the stability and long-term development of the frontier, the most strategic measures taken in past dynasties are to cultivate land and immigrate to the frontier.