What is the pharmacology of antibiotics?

Antibacterial agents such as antibiotics are mainly used to kill bacteria that people (or other higher animals and plants) do not have. There are five mechanisms: they hinder the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to the expansion, rupture and death of bacteria in low osmotic pressure environment. Mammalian cells have no cell wall and are not affected by such drugs. Interact with bacterial cell membrane, enhance the permeability of bacterial cell membrane, open ion channels on the membrane, and let useful substances in bacteria leak out of the cell or die due to electrolyte imbalance. Interaction with bacterial ribosomes or their reaction substrates (such as tRNA and mRNA) inhibits the synthesis of protein, which means that structural proteins and enzymes necessary for cell survival cannot be synthesized. Obstructing the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA will hinder the division and reproduction of bacterial cells, and hindering the transcription of DNA into mRNA will hinder the subsequent process of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. Affect folic acid metabolism Inhibit dihydrofolate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase in the process of bacterial folic acid metabolism, and hinder folic acid metabolism.