Customs of burying the dead in Jinzhong

China has always attached importance to funeral etiquette, especially that of the elders. The Analects of Confucius - Xue而 says: "Be careful with the end of life and pursue the distant future, and the people's virtue will be returned to the thick." Which "prudent end", that is to say, the parents of the funeral should be done carefully and reasonably. Mengzi further played on this. He thought: "The one who maintains life is not enough to be a great thing, but the one who sends death can be a great thing. In the " send dead than FengSheng " concept of domination, as early as the Spring and Autumn period, funeral rites have formed a set of etiquette. From the beginning to the end of the coffin, funeral, burial, there are about 40 items. Later generations of inheritance, although there are simplified diffraction, but the main program has been along the unchanged. Shanxi Jinzhong largely follow this set of procedures.

One, the first end?

After the death of the dead gas, all pay attention to its body is not stiff, as quickly as possible for the deceased to change into a pre-specialized "life jacket", that is, "send the old clothes". There are also some places in the dead before the gas is changed in advance. This is because it is more difficult to change clothes after the body of the deceased has become stiff. "Shouyi" includes a single coat, jacket, cotton, cotton robe or cotton coat, the number of pieces with an odd number without an even number, avoid the use of animal skins, wool and gray fabrics. Replacement of the clothes, the ground speaks of hand put on the roof, to be buried when burned or let it sun and rain, no longer deal with, in order to get rid of ominous.

After the dead wear a good life jacket, but also haircut, washing, grooming, in the sleeve of the dead put some paper money and flour and hair kneaded into a ball, and then the cuffs of the cuffs of the trouser legs with hemp phi tied to the mouth, known as the "playing hemp companion". Jinzhong Qixian and other places in the left hand of the deceased to put a string of small cakes equal to the age of the deceased, called "biting the teeth of the cake"; and then in the right hand of the deceased to put a whip or duster; the deceased pharyngeal burnt tin foil wrapped in paper and put into the arms of the deceased; and finally give the deceased a hemp Phi twisted into a band. After death, the soul returns to hell, paper money, tin foil is used as coils; to go to hell to pass through the village of the evil dog, there are noodle balls, pastries and whips will be able to resist the bite of the evil dog. In the Qin County area to the dead in the sleeve of the small cakes, known as the "dog cake.

After the dead gas, the mouth should also be put into an ancient copper money, called "mouth with money". This custom is derived from the ancient funeral rite of "containing jade". Relatives of the deceased could not bear to see the deceased die with an empty mouth, so they put jade and grains in their mouths. Later, some places put rice directly in the mouth of the deceased, which is called "containing rice". It is believed that the dead mouth containing money, containing rice into the coffin, so that to the netherworld will not be hungry.

To the dead after the outfit, the family will be moved from the couch to a wooden board. Speaking of "male and female side", that is, the male deceased lying on their backs, the female deceased lying on their sides. This is called "stopping the mourning" or "stopping the corpse". After the placement, there should be a piece of cloth over the face of the deceased, commonly known as "playing good face paper". Masking cloth or masking paper, also known as "face clothes" in ancient times, is said to be the originator of the Spring and Autumn period of the King of Wu Fu-chai. According to Ying Shao's "Customs and Folklore" of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fuchai did not listen to Wu Zi's advice, and his country was destroyed and he surrendered. When he was dying, he felt ashamed to see Wu Zixu again in the underworld, and had his face covered with a piece of silk before he breathed his last. People followed this custom, but not because the deceased had done something wrong in his life, and was ashamed to see the person who died first in the underworld. Some say, is the family can not bear to see the face of the dead; Some say, is because the dead after breathing face is not very good-looking. In fact, all of them are to show respect for the dead and let the dead rest in peace. These procedures are the traditional funeral rituals in the "small coffin".

In the life jacket for the dead, pay attention to not cry. It is believed that the dead are dying at the time, crying lost, the soul of the dead will have no place to go; or that the tears fall on the dead, there will be walking corpses, zombies and other ominous accidents. In the deceased to wear a good life jacket, placed properly, the whole family of men, women and children, this is a big grief, wailing, and burned paper money, commonly known as "burned paper," "under the kang paper". To the evening of the death of the deceased burned paper, known as "burning twilight paper". The intention is to bribe the king of hell with money, buy off the little ghosts, put the soul of the dead body, back to life. After burning the paper money, long after the deceased did not see the resurrection, the family can no longer hold back, crying loudly, commonly known as "howling".

After the death of a small coffin, the family invited the elders of the same clan and neighbors, *** with the agreed funeral matters, and then personally go or ask people to go to friends and relatives to report the funeral. Elders died, children and grandchildren to wear mourning clothes, holding a mourning stick, run to friends and relatives to kowtow to the funeral "send filial piety".

The door of the deceased to post black and white obituaries, also known as the "door", write the deceased's birth and death year, month, day and funeral arrangements and other matters. Jinzhong Qixian area to paste white paper on the street door, the deceased for a long family, and the age of the old and thin years, the street door full of white paper; such as less than 60 years old, or couples with a living person, can only paste half of the street door, generally male and female right; the deceased, such as the Department of the younger generation, parents are still alive, it can only be in the door of the amount of pendant pasted a piece of white paper. Jinnan is the paper folded up and cut into strips of flora, how old the deceased, cut a few, and then hung outside the door. During the morgue, the dead head or feet to point oil lamps or candles, commonly known as "soul-inducing lamps", also known as "guiding light", "road lamp", "long bright light ". The netherworld is dark, the dead souls have to use the light to see the road. At the same time, but also from time to time to burn paper money, and paper money ash in a jar, to be buried with the coffin buried underground, for the dead in the underworld use. This is called "burning paper". The dead put a tile pot around, every time to pay homage to put some food and wine, also reserved for burial into the ground, that the dead in the netherworld will not become hungry ghosts. This is called "head down rice".

The night of the day of the dead, to go to the local land temple, the city temple or five temples to hold a ceremony, "pressure on the soul," "tell the temple," meaning to the netherworld to report. Under the drums and music, the son of the deceased with a tray end of a piece of paper, into the temple kowtow to pay homage to the temple after the paper on the incense burner, commonly known as "Na paper".

In the deceased died the next night, the mesquite area of the family walk around the street, while burning paper money, while bawling, known as the "know death" or "soul searching". Yuji and other places in our land in front of the God set incense, burned paper money, burning the clothes worn by the deceased in life, the whole family cried all the sad, called "point of money".

During the morgue, someone to guard the side, to prevent cats, dogs and other living things jumping over it; if it is in the summer, but also to prevent lightning and thunder, fear of "shocking the corpse", "fried corpse. Qin County and other places to prevent the approach is placed on the body of the deceased knife, scales and other town things.

The coffin?

Coffins for coffins, mainly wooden coffins. Wood to wood hard cypress, camphor for the top, oil pine, rowan, acacia and so on, followed by willow for the most general. Jinzhong Qixian area to pay attention to regardless of what kind of wood, in front of the coffin must be used on the baffle cypress, at least one must be inlaid. Plate Xing thick, the thickest six inches, five (five inches and five minutes) are above the top, in turn, such as the next, the bottom, cover, the side of the whole piece of the known as the "single width", a number of pieces of the spell together, respectively, to the number of pieces of the spell known as the "X block head". The whole coffin is rectangular in shape, high in the front and low in the back, wide in the front and narrow in the back. The coffins are painted in black, purple, red and yellow. For the dead who are less than 50 years old, the coffins are painted with vermilion, called "red coffins"; for those who are more than 50 years old, they are painted with gold, called "gold coffins". The outside of the coffin is generally painted patterns, the top grade wood is more wood color as the base, for the plain push light lacquer painting, appearing to be brilliant. Generally, the patterns are the picture of longevity, the four seasons, the twenty-four filial piety, or the "ten thousand characters without stopping". The front of the front head of the coffin is painted on the front of the cloud pattern lotus platform, writing "X X of the spirit of the center"; small head painted incense tripod, incense, some places are painted cabbage. Some coffins also have auspicious phrases written on the front of the coffin, such as "Fortune is like the East Sea" and "The sound is still there". Inside the coffin is painted with rosin or framed with yellow wheat paper, taking the meaning of "gold into the cupboard" and "legacy of children and grandchildren". Inside the coffin, the sun, the moon, and the Big Dipper cut out of gold and silver paper are also pasted on the coffin. Yanbei Pinglu, Jinzhong Qixian and other places, in the bottom of the coffin inside another chiseled seven holes in the liner, called the "seven stars partition", said the deceased "crane immortal, the body into the Western sky. The bottom of the coffin, the Jinzhong Qixian area spread with lime, five-color silk, line, five grains, and then put seven copper coins, seven pieces of pig iron, paved with gold foil paper cut into the money-like seven, and then paved with mattresses.

When the coffin is put into the coffin, the son of the deceased should carry the body into the coffin. Speaking of the head of the deceased with a red cloth around the head, and then by its eldest son to hold the head, the other four or six people to carry the body, feet first after the head out of the house. Outside the house with a blanket to shade the sun or umbrella, known as "on not see the sky". When entering the coffin, the feet of the deceased should be advanced and then placed flat in the coffin. The original cuffs of the deceased and the trouser legs tied hemp poncho, this time to be unraveled. Some places in the male deceased in the right hand on the whip, the left hand on the steamed bread; in the female deceased both hands on the steamed bread. Whip called "dog whip", steamed bread called "dog dry food". Jinzhong Qixian and other places, the head of the deceased to pillow a special concave hollow pillow, painted on the sun and moon, mountains and rivers, floral patterns, pillows in the real to line incense, grains and so on. The dead body and then paved seven silver foil, and finally from head to toe masked red cloth seven feet, this cloth must be married by the daughter of the preparation, commonly known as "paving children cover female".

To the dead cover when the coffin, but also placed some of the daily necessities and the deceased's beloved things, but absolutely prohibit the release of woolen fabrics and fur products, such as woolen blankets, felt, leather mattresses, fur shoes and so on. Folk believe that this taboo, it will be "with the hair into the animal, the wrong birth".

After the coffin is finished, the lid is slanted over the body of the coffin, still leaving a gap. After the final inspection by the relatives of the deceased, the coffin will be closed at night or at the hour chosen by Mr. Yin Yang.

The last, also known as the "coffin" metaphor, family members, relatives and friends gathered to remove the masked cloth or paper on the face of the deceased, to say goodbye to the deceased. The deceased, such as the Department of women, but also asked their nephews or maternal family members to inspect the dress, cover, to see if there are no objections. Then formally cover the coffin wedge, family, relatives and friends kneeling farewell. Jinzhong Qixian area, the deceased before the coffin to cover the red cloth from the feet down, revealing the face, and then follow the trend of the red cloth torn off one, and quickly close the lid down wooden locks, that is, between the coffin lid and the coffin mortise and tenon. Nail coffin side with seven nails, each nail on the tear off the red cloth strip each pad a small piece. When nailing the coffin, the whole family to avoid immobile cries, only the son of the deceased must stand next to the coffin shouting "hide nail". Participate in the nail coffin neighbors, friends should be tied with red cloth, and to nail the coffin of the person to reward the seal, known as "happy money". After covering the coffin, the children of the deceased also hand pat the coffin several times, commonly known as "wake up".

In the coffin at midnight on the second day, to prepare the paper horse and vegetative car, incense burner tin foil and paper people, by the children of the deceased crying to the future funeral must pass through the crossroads burned, for the deceased to send off, commonly known as "send soul".

Condolences?

The day of condolences for the dead, generally the day before the funeral, commonly known as "open mourning" or "open hanging". When the opening of mourning to set up the hearth, the coffin will be moved to the hearth. It is called "moving the coffin". Grand funeral in front of the hut also build a high pagoda. Mantle hanging or bamboo curtains, behind the coffin, in front of the Hall, the Hall has a table, the table for the flowers, displaying the tablets and sacrificial vessels, offerings, hanging images of the deceased. On both sides are placed various types of paper and burial goods, such as children, boys and girls, gold and silver two dipper, gold and silver two mountains, money tree, treasure pots, lead the way to the bodhisattva, hit the road ghosts, the square phase ...... as well as couplets, hanging scrolls, wreaths and so on. After the opening of the hanging, friends and relatives come one after another mourning, regardless of generation size, all in accordance with the rules of the "deceased for the big", incense and kneeling. The children and grandchildren of the deceased wearing mourning, hand on the mourning stick, kneeling on the west side of the table in the funeral hall or grass mat.

Mourning rituals, foreign relatives and friends of the deceased's condolences have hanging, laying, contributing to funeral (fu pay) three forms. Speaking of laying with incense and candles, wine and fruit; contributing to funeral expenses with money, silk, gold coins; laying and then burning paper, it is hanging. In mourning activities, there is also a "tube kang" custom, that is, the family, neighbors or relatives and friends to help the funeral home to entertain the guests of the accommodation and food. This is generally done in three steps, the first being the invitation to the kang. According to the number of guests, the bereaved family determines the number of kangs needed (usually each kang family is responsible for six to eight people), and then prepares water and wine and invites the kang masters to come to discuss the matter, and then the kang family is settled after obtaining consent. After the first day of ancestor worship is over, the chief administrator assigns the kang members and copies out the name cards and hands them over to the kang family. The kang family takes the guests to their homes and entertains them with cigarettes, wine, and tea. Generally, they eat noodles in the evening, in the hope that the relationship between relatives will continue for a long time. The next day, after the funeral, the guests have to sit at the funeral home and eat the funeral meal. After the meal, the kang family receives the guests at home for a short rest, and in the afternoon the guests are dismissed, and the kang family's obligations are completed. The third step is to thank the kang family. At noon on the day after the funeral, the funeral family will set up a banquet to thank the kang family. When the thanking of the kang is completed, the activity of taking care of the kang comes to an end.

On the day before the funeral, family members and friends should hold the tablets, play the soul-attracting streamers, carry lanterns, and play drums to the nearby temples, nunneries, or other sites to invoke the souls of the deceased. The day before the ceremony, family members and friends should hold the tablet and play the soul-guiding flag, carry lanterns, and play drums and music to the nearby temples and nunneries or their sites to invoke the soul. After setting up the sacrifice, the family called out the dead, crying loudly all the way home. After placing the tablets, then the coffin lid open, the eldest son of the deceased to take a bowl of clean water, with a new cotton ball to the dead face, commonly known as "open light". Symbolically, after wiping, the bowl of water is not poured, by the children and grandchildren, daughters and grandchildren to drink, as a sign of filial piety to the deceased, everyone in turn around the coffin and look forward to the deceased's remains, and then asked the woodworker to re-seal the coffin, playing the "silver bloom" said no longer open the coffin.

"Sending" the custom, in the daybreak, by the eldest son of the deceased a person went out and burned the paper car, paper horse, "family slaves, yard workers" and the deceased used in life pillows, locally known as "send uming head paper The local name for this is "Sending Wumingtou Paper". Then they carry a can of red bean rice and spread it from the door of the house to the grave before dawn.

Before the funeral, in addition to a variety of mourning offerings, the dead are still as alive as enjoying the earth's fireworks food, three meals a day, all the time must be provided by the family, the morning toiletries as daily arrangements, even after meals, mouthwash cups are indispensable. Every time the offering, the family must cry in pain. In this way, the deceased is not considered to have left home until the funeral.

The funeral?

After the coffin, followed by the time of the funeral. Generally do not "hot dead hot buried", otherwise it will be considered to the deceased unfilial and disrespectful. As for when the funeral, often according to the preparation, seasonal, relatives to whether, and whether the tomb is complete and other factors to determine. Time can be long or short, roughly the shortest for three days, followed by five, seven, nine days ...... long up to more than a hundred days, all must be singular. In the old days, also pay attention to Mr. Yin and Yang choose auspicious days, set the grave "empty", that is, the so-called graveyard when you can get in.

After the funeral time is determined, it is necessary to notify friends and relatives to "send filial piety". When you go to bring a piece of filial cloth, according to the relationship between the proximity of the relatives, the big one is a piece of mourning clothes, the small one side of the mourning scarf. Jinzhong Qixian and other places, in the funeral this day, the door to hang with white linen paper cut into a pattern of streamers; paper and paper connection without paste adhesion, but with an iron or stone tool to fold the paper and pounded together, called "smashing the age of paper". This is similar to the previously mentioned "age paper", just hanging time is not the same. The deceased reached the age of eighty-nine years old paper", the local people sometimes tear a line to the children to wear, it is said that can prolong life. Tear home to paste on the surface urn , not born of insects. In the old days, some places have to be set up outside the door "taboo card", male left and female right, not only write down the birth and death dates, funeral date, but also list of taboos.

" earth burial ". The "earth burial". Tomb has been built in advance, there are also after the death of temporary open hole hit the tomb. In the old days, we had to ask Mr. Yin and Yang to sit and watch the feng shui, and set the point of the hole. Then the grains are scattered, and a silver needle is used to open the "10" character on the set point, which is called "opening the earth" or "groundbreaking". "After the opening of the earth, the grave can be opened and dug. In the case of a joint burial, only another hole must be opened next to the old burial place. If the deceased is buried in an ancestral grave, the grave is at the foot of the previous generation. The next step in the process is to ask Mr. Yin and Yang to look at the feng shui and choose a new place to build a new grave," he said.

In the old days, before the funeral, Qixian and other places have "point main" ceremony. That is to say, please use the pen to the original writing on the tablet "king" word on a little, so that the "king" word to become the "main" word. Commonly known as "into the main", that is, the meaning of becoming a deity. The person who points out the master is called the "Master Pointing Officer", and he or she should be a respected local scholar or a local governor. This ceremony is generally limited to the normal death of the middle and old people, the young funeral and the murder of the dead is not held.

On the day of the funeral, relatives, friends and neighbors gathered at the funeral home, offering to send the ceremony to show their condolences. The ceremony generally includes an altar, steamed buns, hanging scrolls and paper. The next of kin sends a sacrificial mat. Commonly known as the "sacrifice", the main dishes, each payment should be inserted into the size of the paper flowers, followed by steamed buns, that is, a kind of bowl buckle out of the cage steamed pasta. Most of the friends and relatives send hanging scrolls and couplets, which are later transformed into a piece of fabric. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands dirty.

Hanging after the public sacrifice, the eldest son of the deceased kneeling salute, that is, the coffin on the back of the big head, with the assistance of the people to move the coffin out of the hearth, commonly known as "out of the spirit". Before the spirit, Jinzhong Qixian area, the sons of the deceased will have to carry out a press "food pressure bowl" ceremony. They held in a porcelain jar into a variety of dishes, food, and then take turns pressing, until full. The top put a steamed bun to cover, with a pair of chopsticks vertical perforation, above the disk and then some red-dyed vermicelli. The food, along with the steamed buns and lanterns, will be buried with the coffin when the funeral takes place.

The coffin will be placed on a pre-tied rack, with a tofu rack, a two-dragon bar, a one-dragon bar, and several other types of racks, and the coffin will be placed on a pre-tied rack.

The coffin cover is a long sedan chair with a gold roof, a dragon's head and a dragon's tail for men and a phoenix's head and tail for women, and is decorated with red, blue, and yellow fabrics and painted with various auspicious designs. This kind of artifacts have stores specializing in leasing.

The heavy coffin, coupled with a huge coffin cover, less manpower is more strenuous. Therefore, the lift from 8 people to 16 people, 24 people, and even 32 people, commonly known as 16 kong, 24 kong, 32 kong. The first step in the process is to make sure that you are able to get the best out of your car.

Before the coffin was lifted, the eldest son of the deceased kneeled down. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal of money from the company. The first step is to make sure that you are able to get the best out of the coffin and that you are able to get the best out of it.

Wrestled "funeral pot", the funeral will officially begin. Coffin out of the yard door, to the big head in front; out of the door, are to turn a head, until the graveyard. The original people believe that the dead lying in the coffin is also like a person standing, out of the head forward, equal to look back home, expressed attachment to the world; out of the head back, equal to no longer look back, a forward, straight to the Western Paradise.

The funeral procession at the forefront of the open road, along the way inserted "road flag" - with five-color paper or white paper glued into a small triangular flag, guiding the dead souls; throw the lead paper money, to show that buy through the ghosts along the road. The second for the honor guard, a variety of paper (Xingxian area known as "paper text"), coarse and fine music class, carried by nephews or grandchildren, carrying the soul streamer, carrying a stool, and then that is to hold the cable holding the funeral stick of the mourning son, the son of the mourning after the coffin, the coffin followed by the female family members sitting in the car sedan chair and walking friends and relatives.

The funeral procession to a crowded place or a large intersection, but also stop the spirit of the road sacrifice, drums and music should also stop playing. In ancient times, generally set up by friends and neighbors, and then most of the funeral home for the funeral set up their own sacrifices, show that the funeral is done in a row, grand.

After coming to the village, the funeral relatives and friends stop, by the son of the deceased "thank you for filial piety". Then remove the coffin cover, stop the ceremony, only the family and close relatives with paper and offerings with the coffin to the cemetery. When the time comes, the coffin is buried immediately. After the coffin into the grave, Jinzhong Qixian area, Mr. Yin and Yang to set down the compass instrument to determine the orientation, left and right, until he thought it could be so far. Roughly orientation for the southeast - northwest (dry - Xun position), the local "head over the Purple Mountain, footsteps Yanmen Pass," said. The son of the deceased entered the grave to inspect it, and then his family threw "rich money" and "rich buns" into the grave. After the mound is made, the "weeping staff" and "soul-attracting streamers" held by the children and grandchildren of the deceased are inserted at the head of the grave (soul-attracting streamers are also placed on top of the coffin), and then all the paper bundles ("boys and girls") are burned. After burning all the paper (the "boys and girls" have their heads or feet twisted backward and placed on one side of the coffin), everyone pays their respects, weeps and mourns, and then quietly exits, leaving the dead to rest in peace forever.

Dian

Funeral early in the morning the next day, family members to send food to the grave poured Dian, said the deceased with the family again **** into the meal. The next day, the family went to the cemetery to pay tribute to, with a spade to add new soil to the grave, so that the mound before and after the circumference of the right, not biased, commonly known as "Fu Shan". And Taiyuan area since the burial, has to wait until three years after the Qingming Festival, only allowed to add soil to the mound. The two places are so different from each other," he said.

To the new grave to add soil, paper, most places in the third day after the burial of the deceased, known as the "compound three", also known as "round grave", "warm tomb". Generally the eldest son of the deceased to lead the whole family to go, some places where there is a "service" of the relatives to go,

From the death of a person counting on every seven days must be sacrificed once, known as "do seven" or "over seven! One of the seven 'called' the "first seven", three seven also known as the "scattered seven", five seven, seven seven also known as "full seven", " The first seven are called the "first seven", the third seven are called the "scattered seven", the fifth seven, and the seventh seven are called the "full seven", the "broken seven", or the "exhaustive seven", which are more important.

"One seven", the funeral home set up a seat, for the tablets, held a grand ceremony, condolences open hanging.

"Sanqi", the children of the deceased to take incense, to the three-way intersection to call the deceased, or incense on the grave to attract the spirit of the deceased to go home.

"Wuji", the folk believe that this day the spirits of the deceased to go home "to save the family", the funeral home in addition to hold a memorial service, but also invited monks and Taoist chanting, friends and relatives are to offer condolences. Jinzhong Qixian area, the face of the steam offerings, the male deceased more than steamed a "lotus", female deceased more than steamed a "Ruyi", and according to the deceased years of age tied paper flowers, cut paper flags, in addition to the paste a mouthful of "rising

"Seven seven", the funeral home to hold a solemn tribute, friends and relatives are to burn paper, or to the grave to pay homage.

After the death or burial of a person 100 days later, that is, "100 days", is also a grand day of sacrifice, also known as the "100 days of sacrifice". To this day, the heavy mourning clothes should be changed to wear regular mourning clothes, the general public more than remove the mourning clothes. Qixian and other places, the paper to paste "bucket", commonly known as "five or seven liters, a hundred days bucket ......"?

After the death of a person, their children to serve three years of filial piety, commonly known as "service three", full anniversary of the burning of paper offerings, called "anniversary" or "burn anniversary", known as the ancient times. The second anniversary is called "Daxiang". The second anniversary is called "Daxiang", and it is also necessary to go to the cemetery to offer sacrifices. On the third anniversary, the relatives and friends of the deceased come to the cemetery with offerings and paper bundles. After the third anniversary, the children of the deceased can take off their mourning clothes and change to normal clothes. Therefore, the third anniversary is also called "taking off clothes" or "removing filial piety", which was called "衤覃" (tan tan) clothes in ancient times. According to tradition, this is the official end of the funeral rituals.

The deceased died in the next year of the "Qingming" festival on the day or the day before, Jinzhong area there is also a "burnt heart" custom. On this day, family members, relatives and friends, especially married daughters must be personally to the cemetery offerings. Offerings in addition to clothes, hats, shoes and socks all kinds of paper, but also to steam the hollow surface offerings and (huo live) "face heart". The offerings are then buried in front of the grave. "Burning heart" is also known as "peace of mind", which is meant to comfort the soul, from now on do not have to think of relatives in the world, as much as you can rest assured that the netherworld.

After the "service three", the tribute to the dead into the ordinary graves, no longer have a special anniversary. There are three times a year: Qingming, to raise a new fire; July 15, to taste the new grain; the first day of October, to send cold clothes. There are also five festivals a year, i.e. in addition to the above three festivals, New Year's Day and the winter solstice are added. Through this, the family in the long years to continue to maintain the "contact" with the dead, and send their own long and endless mourning.