Engineering Construction Surveying Thesis Example

In the construction project, accurate engineering measurement is a part that cannot be ignored for engineering construction, and by the role of internal and external factors, the engineering measurement will be insufficient accuracy, which will restrict the development of engineering measurement and directly affect the engineering construction. The following is what I brought about about the engineering measurement Graduation Thesis, welcome to read for reference!

Engineering Measurement Thesis 1

Try to talk about the common errors in construction engineering measurement

Abstract: This paper analyzes the engineering measurement technology characteristics, for the task and role of the construction engineering measurement, the more common errors in the process of the construction engineering measurement work and the measurement process, to avoid errors in the effective measures.

Keywords: engineering measurement measurement technology; reasons; measures

1 engineering measurement technology characteristics

Engineering measurement is a process operation, is fundamental to the quality of construction. In the whole construction stage, engineering measurement plays a very important role. As we all know, the measurement and release of the line for the construction of the project opens the way and provides the direction. Accurate, thorough measurement work is not only related to a project can be successfully constructed according to the plan, but also to provide an important technical guarantee for the quality of construction, quality inspection and other work to provide methods and means.

2 construction engineering measurement tasks and role

2.1 to clarify the task of construction engineering measurement

Construction engineering measurement is an important component of surveying, it is the study of construction engineering in the survey, design, construction and management of all phases of the measurement of science, work theory and methodology of science. Its main task is to project the location and shape of various ground objects in the construction area, as well as the undulation of the ground, with a variety of legend symbols, in accordance with a certain scale drawn into a topographic map, or with digital representation, for the planning and design of the project building to provide the necessary drawings and information. In turn, according to the needs of the construction of the drawings have been designed on the plane position of buildings (structures) and engineering design requirements, with certain requirements in the field marked out as a basis for construction, and a series of measurements in the process of construction, in order to connect and guide the construction of various processes. At the same time in the construction process of buildings (structures) deformation observation, for the design and construction to provide an important scientific basis.

2.2 To recognize the role of measurement

Construction engineering measurement it serves in every stage of construction engineering construction, throughout the construction project. From site leveling, building positioning, foundation construction, to the installation of building components, etc., all need to carry out construction surveying, in order to make the building, structure preparation part of the size, location in line with the design requirements.

3 more common errors in the process of construction engineering measurement

3.1 Axis positioning errors

In the measurement process, the axial positioning errors will cause serious impact on the project, will make the overall positioning of the building errors, leading to the planning of the layout and the design work of the previous period of time are all negated, resulting in great economic losses and social impact.

3.2 Characteristic point positioning error

The factors that cause the error are more, because the process of measuring and positioning the characteristic points of the building is more cumbersome, there are a variety of errors in the construction is very common, such as in the foundation excavation before the discovery of the problem, usually can be remedied, such as in the foundation excavation after the discovery of the problem, it is more difficult to deal with and remedies. In short, in any case, the resulting economic losses will be greater.

3.3 Causes of measurement and sampling errors

There are many reasons for measurement errors, which can be mainly divided into several:

(1) the red line of the site, the red line of the building and the design drawings of the relevant location error. Some projects, in order to catch up with the construction progress, building construction units in the construction drawings have not been reviewed in the case of the construction began, which will often appear in the building layout of the overall displacement of the error. Because of the error of the design information, which leads to the error of measurement and sampling.

(2) coordinate conversion error. Land acquisition red line is usually used in 1954 Beijing coordinate system or local independent coordinate system, and construction design drawings are usually used in the construction coordinate system, so in the building before the sampling, the relevant coordinates must be converted to calculate the conversion calculation process, the conversion calculation process, it is very easy to error. Because the coordinate calculation error, which leads to the error of measurement and sampling.

(3) due to the inconsistency of the design of the general plan and the building construction plan and the error. Building sampling, surveyors according to the design of the general plan to sample the axis point, and construction drawings will sometimes appear and the design of the general plan is inconsistent with the situation. In the process of sampling, this type of error often occurs, so this point should cause us to pay great attention.

(4) field sampling, calculation errors and distance measurement errors. Because the construction of the building foundation is affected by the weather, site and other factors, may require real-time measurement and positioning, due to time constraints, heavy task, there are often calculation errors, distance measurement errors. (5) Errors arising from the failure of measuring instruments and other equipment. Measuring instrument malfunction, calculator function is not set properly or damaged, there is no calibration before the measurement and calculation may cause errors.

4 Measurement process, to avoid errors in the effective measures

4.1 Clear building positioning measurement

The positioning of the building is based on the design of the given conditions, the building around the outline of the main axis of the intersection (called corner stake), measured and set to the ground as the basis for measuring the axis of the building stakes, is usually referred to as the positioning of the building measurement.

4.2 Familiarize with the design data

Before measuring the sampling, first of all, familiarize with the design data, the design data of the notes and related distances and other checks, including the red line of the land, the red line of the building, the building of the relative relationship of the check; the check of the relative relationship of the neighboring buildings; the check of the size of the building itself labeled, etc.

4.3.1 The design of the building is based on the design data of the building.

4.3 Preparation of pile survey and release map and instructions

On the basis of familiarization with the data, in order to facilitate the construction of pile foundation measurement, need to be prepared before the operation of pile survey and release map and instructions. (1) Determine the positioning axis. In order to facilitate the measurement and release, the plane into a rectangle, the shape of the building is usually neat to the outline of the wall center line as the main axis of the building positioning, the plane into an arc line, the shape of the irregular complex building is to cross the axis and the axis of the center of the circle as the main axis of the positioning. Use the axis of pile position as the positioning axis of bearing pile. (2) According to the dimensions marked in the pile plan, establish the construction coordinate system parallel to the main axis of building positioning, usually the control point at the southwest corner of the rectangular control network of building positioning should be used as the starting point of the coordinate system, and its coordinate should be assumed to be an integer. (3) In order to avoid confusion when piling points are measured, all piling points should be numbered uniformly according to the piling layout plan, and the numbering of the piling points should be started from the southwest corner of the building, and numbered in the order of from bottom to top and from left to right.

4.4 Positioning of the building

According to the different positioning conditions given by the design, the positioning of the building can be divided into the following forms: (1) according to the positioning of the original building; (2) according to the positioning of the building construction grid; (3) according to the positioning of the red line of the urban construction planning; (4) according to the positioning of the center line of the road (or the edge of the road); (5) according to the triangle point or the guide line point positioning. guide line point positioning.

4.5 Building positioning rectangular network measurement

Building positioning rectangular network measurement, according to the complexity, the size of the project is different, the following methods are generally used: (1) positioning pile method. If you need to measure the A, B, C, D buildings, according to the conditions given in the design, the first measured A1 and B1 two points, and then according to A1, B1 measured C1, D1 two points, and then, A1, B1, C1, D1 positioning rectangular network as the basis for measuring all the piles of the ABCD building axis. This method is suitable for a civil building and the positioning measurement of small and medium-sized plants with low precision requirements. (2) The main axis method. Large plant or complex buildings, due to the high requirements for positioning accuracy, using the positioning pile method is difficult to ensure that the building positioning requirements. Because the main axis method of measurement and setting requirements are strict, high precision, uniform error distribution, but the workload is large, generally applicable to large industrial plants or complex buildings positioning measurements.

4.6 Building pile axis and bearing platform pile position measurement

(1) quality control of pile axis measurement. Building pile axis measurement is in the building positioning rectangular network measurement is completed and then carried out, based on the building positioning rectangular network, take the internal division method, using the latitude and longitude instrument to set the line precision distance method for the pile axis lead pile measurement and setting. The centroid of complex buildings is usually measured by polar coordinate method. After the completion of piling axis measurement, the length between piling axes and the length of piling axes should be detected in time, and the difference between the actual distance and the design length should not exceed the error permitted by the relevant specification. In the pile axis detection to meet the design requirements before the bearing platform pile measurement.

(2) building bearing pile setting quality control. Building bearing platform pile setting is based on the pile axis of the lead pile for setting, according to the needs of the building on the ground, the pile foundation design is divided into group piles and single row of piles. The specification specifies 3～20 piles as a group called group piles. 1～2 piles as a group called single row piles. The plane geometry of group piles is divided into square, rectangle, triangle, circle, polygon and ellipse. When measuring, according to the design of the given bearing platform pile position and the axis of the mutual relationship, the choice of right-angle coordinate method, line rendezvous method, polar coordinate method, etc. for measurement. For the measurement of complex building bearing pile position, often the data provided by the design can not be directly utilized, but need to be converted before measurement. After the bearing platform pile position measurement, small wooden pile should be driven as the pile position marking and sprinkled with white ash to facilitate the pile foundation construction. After the bearing platform pile position measurement, it should be detected in time, including the detection of the relative relationship between the bearing platform piles, and the detection of the relative relationship between the adjacent bearing platform piles, and the detection results should be in line with the requirements of the relevant specifications.

4.7 Inspection and correction

Before the building sampling, the measuring instruments must be inspected and corrected, which is the key to ensure the accuracy of building sampling.

5 Conclusion

Construction engineering measurement is a highly practical professional technology. Skills training is an important part of improving practical skills, in the measurement must be clear about the task and role of the measurement work. Only familiar with a variety of precautions, correct command, in order to achieve twice the result with half the effort, and to develop a conscientious, responsible, strict, realistic scientific attitude and work style, to have the dedication of hard-working and hard-working and the collective concept of solidarity and cooperation.

Engineering Measurement Thesis 2

Teaching Reform of Engineering Measurement Courses

Abstract: With the progress of science and technology, rapid development of engineering measurement technology, measurement of the continuous renovation of the product, the existing teaching mode of engineering measurement has not been able to meet the needs of enterprises on the demand for talent. Therefore, the corresponding teaching methods and contents need to be revolutionized and echoed. In this paper, based on the current situation of the engineering surveying course system of non-surveying and mapping majors, the current non-surveying and mapping engineering majors engineering surveying teaching problems, and combined with the teaching practice of the hospital, the initial reform of the teaching content, teaching methods, assessment methods, and the construction of teaching staff and other aspects of the proposed solution to the current problem of a number of practical and feasible practices. Strive to improve all aspects of the perfect, improve the quality of our engineering surveying courses, improve the teaching effect, to meet the market demand for talent.

Keywords: engineering surveying teaching reform teaching practice

Engineering surveying course is a highly practical main course, its theory and practice, more prominent skills training. At present, in addition to the surveying and mapping majors, other majors, such as civil engineering, survey technology and engineering, engineering management, geology, geophysics, resource exploration engineering, groundwater science and engineering, and other non-surveying and mapping majors have been offered this important professional foundation course. Along with the rapid progress of space science and information technology, the field of surveying and mapping has begun to apply some new theories and methods, which has brought great challenges to the traditional teaching content, teaching methods and assessment methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need to re-conceptualize and reform the teaching of "Engineering Surveying" course, so that the quality of teaching can be continuously improved.

1 course requirements and allocation of content and hours

(1) through the "Engineering Surveying" of the experimental teaching and theoretical teaching, students need to achieve the following: ① the basic skills of engineering surveying, mastery of the basic principles; ② on the use of commonly used surveying instruments and mastery of the basic performance; ③ the main mastery of surveying, calculations, large-scale topographic maps of surveying and mapping, mapping and general construction sampling. Construction sampling of the project. (2) The specific teaching content and time allocation include: introduction (2 hours); leveling (10 hours); angle measurement (10 hours); distance measurement (2 hours); the basic knowledge of measurement error (4 hours); control surveying (4 hours); total station and global satellite system (6 hours); topographic mapping (2 hours); topographic map application (2 hours); construction surveying (4 hours). .

2 problems in the teaching process

2.1 outdated content of the textbook

Compared with the past, the current content of the engineering surveying textbook used by universities has improved significantly, but ? Theoretical light practice? The problem still exists, rarely involved in engineering measurement data processing and project examples. Moreover, although some new instruments and methods are reflected in the textbooks, the contents of the textbooks are far from meeting the needs of practice. Lack of surveying and mapping of new technologies and practical content, directly affecting the mastery of new modern surveying and mapping knowledge of the training of talents.

2.2 Teaching content, less time

Since the 1990s, surveying and mapping science has been unprecedented development, the classroom to teach more and more theoretical knowledge. However, the continuous exploration and reform of the teaching mode of colleges and universities at the same time, generally compressed the number of hours of teaching engineering surveying [1]. In less teaching time to complete the engineering measurement course teaching tasks, resulting in a lot of necessary experiments can not be carried out.

2.3 Too monotonous course assessment, lack of scientific

Theory and practice is closely integrated with the engineering measurement of this course is the main feature. In the theoretical and practical examination, the traditional way of assessment through the student's usual performance, paper grades and internship reports and other comprehensive assessment, but the student's usual homework, internship reports and other plagiarism phenomenon is widespread, the assessment is too formalized, can not be well reflected in the teaching effect.

2.4 Insufficient motivation of students in class

Post-90s college students lack initiative. They have low attendance, low motivation, and a lack of strong motivation to pursue what they have learned. In addition, the engineering surveying course teaching content, the problem of less class time and need to teach teachers in the limited time to supplement the new content. Therefore, how to improve students' classroom learning efficiency, stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning has become an urgent problem.

3 "engineering surveying" course reform measures

3.1 combined with professional characteristics to determine the focus of the teaching content

At present, many specialties such as resource exploration, civil engineering, geological engineering and so on have been opened in the course of engineering surveying. Therefore, in the teaching content arrangement should be combined with the characteristics of the specialty, focus, there are trade-offs in the engineering measurement of the basic knowledge of the professor. For example, civil engineering should focus on the angle, elevation, distance and point of construction sampling measurement and line measurement, as well as the application of new measurement techniques in civil engineering surveying part of the teaching; geological and resource exploration should be topographic mapping and application of the content of the focus [2], and for the requirements of the internal calculations can be appropriately reduced.

3.2 Emphasis on practical teaching

As a service to the engineering application of the discipline, engineering surveying and engineering construction of many of the contents of the close relationship. Therefore, an important part of the teaching of engineering surveying course is "engineering surveying" internship, which allows students to comprehensively apply the knowledge they have learned. After the internship, students understand the knowledge more y and thoroughly, to achieve independent construction sampling, elevation control, topographic surveying and mapping and other basic surveying techniques for the purpose of deepening the theoretical teaching and cultivating the comprehensive ability of students in an important way. However, there are still a lot of deficiencies in the teaching of surveying internship, mainly including the design of the internship content and engineering construction is not well integrated, the internship hours are too short, and the surveying instruments are not advanced enough, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously increase the training of the internship program. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously increase the investment in internship equipment, so that the utilization rate of the instrument is increased, and students are guided to strengthen the training of internship content through after-school hours.

In addition, to strengthen the cooperation between schools and enterprises, the establishment of some actual practice matrix, or let the students go to the front line of the production of internship exercises. Students can go to the enterprise through the summer and winter vacations to internship, so they will learn construction sampling, digital mapping and other engineering surveying construction of some important practical content. Through practical learning, students can better understand and master the theoretical knowledge, so as to improve their comprehensive ability level. For non-surveying and mapping students, it is the purpose to cultivate talents specializing in surveying and mapping tasks and surveying and mapping scientific research, but to let the students learn the basic knowledge and theory of engineering surveying, so that they can master a variety of conventional surveying and mapping instruments and measuring methods, so it is more appropriate to establish an internship base in the school. The difference between the contents of the experimental internship of various specialties to focus on the school to make full use of the existing resources, so that the school measurement internship base to establish a more reasonable and efficient, so that the teaching effect of experimental internship to get a better improvement [3].

3.3 Teaching Methods Reform Practice

The main form of engineering surveying teaching is a combination of classroom teaching and classroom practice. In the teaching method, it should focus on cultivating students' practical working ability. Fill in the duck type? The teaching methods should focus on cultivating the students' practical working ability. Fill in the blanks? Teaching mode is no longer suitable for engineering measurement teaching, which requires teachers in the teaching process, for the different content and object of teaching, and constantly improve the teaching methods, so as to enhance students' interest in learning and inspire students to think.

3.3.1 Theoretical teaching methodology reform practice

In the face of the increasing content of teaching, while the measurement of the problem of too few hours, the need for teaching methods and teaching techniques flexible and changeable, so that the quality of classroom teaching to be improved. For example, in the classroom, the teacher in addition to the use of the blackboard writing, but also with the help of modern multimedia technology for teaching. Nowadays, there are many varieties of measuring instruments, rapid updating, and most colleges and universities do not have enough money to buy some brand-name measuring instruments. Encountering such a situation, you can through the network or instrument manufacturers to obtain the relevant new instrument pictures and introduction, so that students have an understanding of this. In addition, in the teaching of engineering surveying courses, such as the operation of measuring instruments and other content of the lecture is relatively abstract, for students who have never been in contact with the instrument, the content of the lecture is generally difficult to understand. If some of the theoretical classes directly to the laboratory to go on, so that students can be able to measure the basic structure of the instrument and the basic operation of a better grasp of the method.

For example, the basic structure and operation of the level meter is introduced, you can teach the basic knowledge, while letting students in small groups, close observation of the structure of the instrument and simple operation. In addition, you can also play out some of the most likely to make mistakes in the practical training operations done by students in the past to emphasize, to avoid students from making mistakes. Combined with the actual project, the mapping and sampling part of the organization of students to visit the survey, so as to stimulate their interest in learning. And for? Inspection and calibration of instruments? The usual practice is to let the students understand through the teacher's explanation and video narration. However, because the teacher unilaterally lectures for too long, resulting in a dull classroom atmosphere, students listen to the lesson is not effective. If you can utilize the obsolete equipment, let the students to practical operation, will be to enhance the students' interest in the classroom and improve the quality of teaching is very helpful.

3.3.2 Practical teaching method reform practice

As a highly practical basic course of professional and technical courses, engineering surveying must be rich in practical teaching, the theory of the connection between the practical, in order to achieve the purpose of teaching. But objectively, the measurement practice is very hard, non-measurement students do not pay much attention to the practice of measurement, just to cope with the matter, can not play a very good effect. In order to ensure the effect of practical training teaching, should be the operation of measuring instruments as the course of the final assessment of the focus. In order to stimulate students' interest in learning, we can also combine the surveying internship with college students' surveying and mapping competition activities, through various methods, so that students can have a deep understanding of the complete working situation and process, and realize the correlation of knowledge and skills by proposing, analyzing and solving problems. At the same time, we can also organize students to go to the actual construction site for practical operation in order to improve their ability to solve practical problems. In addition, in order to facilitate students to have more access to the instrument, to build the measurement laboratory as an open laboratory, the school students can be student ID card, in the designated time to borrow and collect the instrument [4].

3.4 Improve the final assessment system

Scientific and reasonable assessment methods will greatly stimulate the initiative of students to learn, so that students can be fully integrated into the engineering surveying course of study to ensure the quality of teaching. Usually, the final examination of engineering surveying is more emphasized on the written part, but due to the general written examination content is mostly centered on the textbook, prompting students to focus only on the learning of theoretical knowledge, do not pay attention to the practice of the actual operation ability. Therefore, we should increase the proportion of the usual performance and practical operation in the assessment, so that students not only master the knowledge, but also know how to flexibly apply the knowledge learned, so as to improve their hands-on ability. In the specific hands-on ability test, adding the instrument construction, calculation and other aspects of the content, the basic knowledge and hands-on ability to organic combination.

3.5 Reform of Teaching Staff Construction

Teachers play a leading role in teaching activities, which directly affects the effectiveness of teaching. At present, the continuous improvement of the theory of surveying and mapping, surveying instruments, equipment and new requirements of teachers have to keep up with the rapid development of surveying and mapping science and technology of the new situation. Most of the young teachers who are engaged in teaching engineering surveying in this institute are not out of school, and they lack the necessary practical experience in engineering. It is necessary to send a certain number of teachers to the construction unit for further training on a regular basis to improve their own level [5]. In addition, it is necessary to widely carry out activities such as teaching and research, teaching reform and academic exchanges, and give full play to the activities of backbone teachers and veteran teachers. Passing on, helping, bringing? The role of teachers to promote the improvement of the teaching level.

4 Conclusion

The teaching of engineering surveying courses, is focused on training students to solve practical engineering problems. With the rapid development of new surveying and mapping technologies, teachers are required to explore the reform of engineering surveying teaching. Through the adjustment of the teaching content, teaching methods to improve, improve the assessment system, practice teaching to strengthen a series of teaching reform initiatives, is conducive to student learning and the ability to solve practical problems to further improve, and ultimately cultivate high-quality personnel with practical innovation.

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