Jade identification methods

The identification method of jade!

1. The generalized firm method of jade

To identify jade jewelry, you should look at several aspects, including hardness, transparency, color, luster and the presence or absence of spots. Real jade is very hard and wear-resistant, crystal clear, pure color and luster. If you can see that there are cracks, cotton fiber-like cotton lines or dark wounds inside the jade, it is inferior jade. Where the fake jade stone, the surface has wrinkles, internal bubbles, light weight, hardness is small, and the sound is crisp when knocked against each other.

Agate authentication method

Agate is rare and precious things, the market is also a lot of fakes, most of which are made of refined turpentine with powdered glass. To identify the authenticity, it must be placed in the palm of the rubbing some of its color, its shape, its smell is unchanged that is the real thing. However, some people believe that the rubbing, easy to heat is genuine, this is a misunderstanding, unreliable.

Gemstone eye identification method

Gemstones can be divided into natural gemstones and man-made gemstones two categories, we are choosing gemstone jewelry, how to use the naked eye to identify it? Natural gemstones are generally soft and natural in color, the colors are sometimes very mixed, several kinds of **** in a gem body, there are patterns but irregular, but very delicate. With the naked eye to a strong light to see the gemstone, or with more than five times the magnifying glass to look closely, sometimes visible inside the gemstone such as cotton wool, net or tree root-like inclusions and small cracks, occasionally visible obvious flat growth lines. Some gemstones are cool and slippery to the touch, and appear moist like they have been dipped in oil. Good stones have a "cat's eye" and "starburst" effect after grinding, i.e., there is a white line in the stone that resembles a white line in a cat's eye in bright daylight; "starburst" is the result of turning the stone in sunlight and refracting the light into a white line. The "starlight" effect occurs when the gemstone is turned in the sunlight, and the refracted light sparkles like the wink of a star at night in the moonlight. Artificial gemstones are generally bright, even and pure in color. After polishing, the luster is dazzling, the color of the artificial consciousness is strong, due to the addition of certain rare earth elements, there are monochromatic, such as black, red, yellow, etc.; there are also composite colors, such as rose red, purple sauce. But will never appear phenomenon natural gemstone several colors *** in the body of the gem as the phenomenon. In addition, some of the gemstones in the more obvious round small bubbles and synthetic growth of sub-products traces; growth line is more obvious linear; larger particles; the same color specification number of more; more hard, generally in the Mohs six or more, with a knife carving immobile, on the contrary, these stones can be scratched out in the glass to the trace.

True and false gemstone identification method

In the daylight with a small shallow silver basin or white satin as a liner, put the gemstone on the liner from the distance of the body of about five inches high, so that daylight irradiation, if the light penetrating through the gemstone in the liner presents the appearance of Venus Silverwing, can be concluded that it is genuine. If it is a fake gemstone, the lining will show a black shadow, if the gemstone into the mouth for a moment, after the mouth full of Jin, not only do not feel dry mouth, but full of cool, and the gemstone itself and become hot, then, it can also be concluded that this is the real thing.

Emerald gem authentication method

With a bowl full of water, put the gem into the bowl, can make the whole bowl appeared vaguely green, is the real emerald gemstone; or the authenticity of the gemstone into a copper pot, surrounded by paper, with a fire to ignite the white paper, if you can make the fire into a green, is the real emerald gemstone; or to prepare the red charcoal basin, to identify the real gemstone into the coals of the fire, the charcoal fragrant If the fire turns green, it is a real emerald gemstone; or prepare a pot of red-hot charcoal and put the gemstone to be identified into the charcoal.

Jade Pu identification method

Whenever people see a piece of jade Pu (stone containing jade), often unable to identify whether it contains jade, which is really a pity. In fact, the identification method is very simple, where the stone contains hidden jade, if the stone at night against the light to see, if the stone within the light issued, like the rising sun's color of light, then, that there must be beautiful jade. The opposite is not true.

Diamond identification method

The real diamond, in the dark place issued a burning green light, like a spark on the wire. If it is a fake diamond, it can only emit a small amount of white light, or even not luminous. Even if luminous, also seems very obscure, no glittering phenomenon. In addition, the hardness of diamonds is the largest, respectively, with the real and fake diamonds cut against each other, its nature will immediately have obvious differences.

2. common jade and easy identification of nephrite

1, rock features: nephrite is a metamorphic rock, is formed by magnesian marble and acidic magma contact account. The main constituent minerals are hornblende group of tremolite and a small amount of actinolite. The chemical composition is Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2. shaped block structure, fibrous interwoven structure, the delicate ones are cryptocrystalline structure.

The color is mainly white, and can be green, brown, yellow, black, gray, cyan and other colors. White nephrite contains more than 95% tremolite. The green and cyan nephrite has an increased content of green actinolite and green cordite, and the total content can be greater than 10%.

Nephrite has a greasy luster and a jagged fracture; it is translucent to opaque. Good toughness, hardness 6-7, specific gravity 2.95, refractive index 1.61.

Depending on the color, it can be called white jade, green jade. Figure 57 shows a green nephrite lavender pendant from Xinjiang, commonly known as jasper.

Since nephrite is mainly produced in Hotan, Xinjiang, it is also known as Hotan Jade. According to the national standard regulations "Hotan Jade" name does not mean that produced in Hotan.

2, identification characteristics: high hardness, toughness, specific weight. Greasy luster, fiber interwoven structure.

3, common white jade imitations and identification: white jade imitations often white marble jade, quartzite jade and emulsified glass. In addition, monazite jade and serpentine jade are also some close to white jade. Marble jade has low hardness (3) and low specific gravity (2.7). Since the surface of marble is rough and does not have the greasy luster of white jade, it is often coated with a layer of liquid wax to confuse the eye. This wax-coated marble has a waxy luster and stains the hands by touch. When the wax evaporates after a period of time, the marble returns to its earthy luster. The marble has a granular structure, sometimes with bands of varying shades. Quartzite jade has high hardness (7) and low specific gravity (2.65). It is granular in structure and has a dry luster, without the greasy luster of alabaster. Emulsified glass is vitreous, without the characteristic structure of rock. Bubbles can be seen inside with the naked eye. Generally small hardness (5), small specific gravity (2.4).

4, nephrite resources: China's nephrite deposits are most famous in Xinjiang Hotan. China's Qinghai Province, Russia and Canada also have nephrite output.

Hetian jade is mainly distributed in the southern Xinjiang Altun Mountain Range and the Kunlun Mountains, from the east and the county, west to Tashkurgan, east and west of the mining belt is 1500 kilometers long. It is endowed in the Precambrian magnesian marble and huarixi period of neutral acidic granite contact zone of contact metamorphic deposits. Hetian Jade can be divided into Seed Jade, Shanliushui Jade (or Gobi Beach Jade, New Mining Jade) and Shanmai Jade (Primary Ore). Seed Jade is a kind of white jade with a warm, glossy texture, almost invisible to the naked eye, with a cryptocrystalline structure. The color is calm and heavy, luxurious but not empty, and the light is restrained and old and sincere. Hetian seed jade often with a little "cinnamon skin", "date red skin", "autumn pear skin", "brown sugar skin", "crow skin" and so on. This is one of the characteristics of Hetian jade. The production of jade, clever color clever carving, will greatly increase its artistic value. Figure 58 shows a white jade child with yellow skin. The mountain jade is not as warm as the seed jade, and its color is slightly greenish-gray and dry, with cracks in some cases.

Qinghai white jade is produced in the hilly highlands southwest of Golmud City, Qinghai Province, with mountain material as the main source. Qinghai white jade has relatively good transparency, color tender but not old. Often contains more stone flowers, flocculent locks, spots and so on. White often with yellowish gray, smoky gray or light green. With green similar to emerald.

Russian white jade produced in the Baikal Lake area, its color is similar to the Hetian white jade, but lack of warmth, lifting the lamp to look at the general structure of the coarse and loose, and have a sense of glass. Good Russian white jade, high whiteness, slightly greasy, quite popular with collectors. Ordinary Russian white jade color grayish yellow, sometimes see smoke gray infestation.

Canadian nephrite is green in color, commonly known as jasper. The color ranges from light gray-green to dark green, with the darker greens often containing black spots.

3. Some Simple Methods to Identify Jade Stone

Do you want to buy some jade stone but worry about buying fake and inferior goods? Then now we will hand you some simple ways to identify jade.

1Water identification method → will be a drop of water on the jade, such as into a dewdrop-like long does not disperse the real jade; water droplets quickly disappeared is shoddy goods.

2Hand touching method→ If the jade is genuine, touch it with your hand, and it will feel cold and lubricated.

Inspection method→ If the jade is oriented towards a bright place, such as sunlight or light, if the color is transparent and the green color is evenly distributed, it is genuine jade.

3Tongue Licking Method→ Licking a genuine jade with the tip of the tongue has an astringent feeling; while a fake jade has no astringent feeling.

4Magnifying Glass Viewing Method→ Place the purchased jade under a magnifying glass to view, mainly with or without cracks, those without cracks are of the highest quality, and those with cracks are of the second highest quality. Even if it is real jade, the value of cracks will be greatly reduced. The more cracks there are, the more obvious they are, and the lower the value.

5Use a piece of hair to tie the hair on the jade, and then use the fire engine to burn the jade, the hair will not be broken for the real jade, and it will be broken for the fake or poor quality jade! Because jade is a cool gemstone it can fully absorb some of the heat given by the outside world.

Professional appraisal method using tools:

1 bright light. 215 times the magnifying glass. 3 portable microscope. 4 polarized lens. 5 Charles filter. 6 antique appraisal instrument

4. Fei Cui General Knowledge

1. The origin of the name

The word "jade" comes from the jadeite bird, which is a bright red male, known as the Feiqi bird, and a bright green female, known as the kingfisher. Due to the natural output of jadeite is mostly green and red, gradually "jadeite" this term from the birds to the name of the jade. The color of jadeite is natural and rich in change, and nature is extremely coordinated, representing the vitality and youthfulness of all things, by the Oriental people, especially the Chinese people love.

The ancients regarded jadeite as a treasure, as a precious jewelry to wear, the ancient medical books that "jade is the beauty of the stone, taste sweetness and non-toxicity," that jade is the human body to store the most abundant substance of vitality. Thus, jade is not only used as jade locks, jade plate fingers, bracelets, anklets, lanyards, snuff bottles and ornaments, decorative purposes, but also used to maintain health and fitness.

Modern science and technology show that jade contains zinc, magnesium, copper, chromium, manganese and other trace elements beneficial to the human body, and frequent wearing of jade can make the trace elements absorbed by the human skin, which will help harmonize and balance the physiological functions of the human body's organs. Some jade has the physical properties of absorbing light during the day and releasing light at night, when the jade light point is aligned with a certain point in the human body, it can stimulate the meridians and channels, dredge the internal organs, and has obvious health care functions. The back of the wrist of the elderly have "old age point", wear jade bracelet, can play a massage health effects, not only can improve the blurred vision of the elderly symptoms can also save energy, nourishing the spirit. Mouth containing jade, with the help of saliva containing nutrients and lysozyme synergistic effect, the production of fluids to quench thirst, in addition to the stomach heat, Ping annoyance, nourish the heart and lungs, moistening the voice and throat, hair, storage of vitality, nourishing the spirit.

II. Colors of Jadeite

Categorized as white, green, purple, red, yellow and black.

III. Types of Jadeite

Combined with the color, transparency, texture and other characteristics of Jadeite, Jadeite can be divided into many types.

1. Old pit species: the color is in line with the strong, positive, colorful, uniform, fine texture, good transparency. It is the most valuable treasures that retain their value.

2. Ice species: head of water is excellent, crystal clear, color light or colorless, is "seed colorless" jade, belongs to the high-grade varieties.

3. Hibiscus species: the color is light but very positive, without yellow tones, the jade is more delicate, very durable, belongs to the middle and high grade varieties.

4. Goldenrod species: the green color is bright and vivid, which makes people feel that there is golden light in the jade, which is intermittently arranged in a silk-like shape, and it is quite respected because of its good water head.

5. Dry green species: the green color is strong and pure, the transparency is poor, the base is dry, the jade is coarse, and the form of mineral particles is short columnar.

6. Green variety: the green color is irregularly distributed in the form of veins or spots, which is a kind of jadeite with wide distribution and belongs to the middle and low-grade varieties.

7. Oil green species: better transparency, fine jade, the surface like grease luster, darker green, mixed with blue-gray tone, giving a very dull feeling, belongs to the low-grade varieties.

8. Horsetooth species: mineral particles are white granular, poor transparency, rough texture, belonging to low-grade varieties.

Four. Jade quality evaluation

Chinese people have a saying "gold has a price, jade is priceless", why do the offer on jade will be so difficult? Because unlike other gems is not a single crystal jadeite, but a mineral aggregate, composed of an aggregate of mineral species, color, particle size is often inconsistent, so that the appearance of jadeite varied. In addition, by the later multiple geological effects, even in the same piece of jadeite on the thickness of the particles, color shades are not uniform, as the saying goes, "there are a thousand faces, jade has ten thousand kinds of face". Therefore, the evaluation of jadeite appears to be very difficult. For carvings, its artistic conception, processing skills more evaluation of jadeite added difficulty.

Overall, the evaluation of emerald should take into account the following factors:

1. Color: color is the primary factor in determining the value of emerald, the color is a little bit worse, the value of a lot worse. Therefore, the correct observation of color is very important. Incandescent lamp to see the jade color will appear more vivid, saturation will also appear to be higher, that is, the so-called "beauty under the moon, under the lamp jade". And the same piece of jadeite in daylight observation, its color will be relatively lighter, darker. Usually, people take the color observed under natural light as the standard. Evaluation of jadeite color should usually consider the following four elements:

1) thick: refers to the saturation or depth of color. Northern Chinese, Taiwanese and Japanese and older people prefer slightly darker colors, while Singaporeans and younger people will prefer lighter jadeite.

②Positive: refers to the purity of the color. Slightly yellowish green will not affect the vividness of the green, the value of the jadeite not much impact, but too much yellow will affect the value of the jadeite. Because the blue color will reduce the vivid degree of green, if the blue is very big impact on the value of Jadeite. Grayish green makes people feel both dark and dirty, the value is also reduced a lot.

3 fresh: refers to the brightness of the color. It is the most important factor that constitutes the beauty of the color of jadeite, but also the most difficult to seek factors, the brightness is a little worse, the value is much worse. If different people have different shades of color, but the requirements of the vividness is the same, that is, the higher the vividness the better. The strength of the light source has a great impact on the observation of vividness, strong light source under the vividness of high, weak light source under the observation of vividness of low.

4 all: refers to the uniformity of color distribution. Because jadeite is composed of countless tiny crystals, the color of each crystal may be inconsistent, so the color of jadeite is rare to be very uniform. Obviously the higher the uniformity, the higher the value.

But when green, red, purple color coordinated appearance, commonly known as "Fuk Luk Shou", due to its rarity, this kind of jadeite value is higher.

2. Transparency: refers to the emerald so that the degree of free passage of visible light, due to the composition of the emerald particles of different thicknesses, combined in different ways, allowing light through the ability to be different. If most of the light can not pass through, the color of the jadeite appears rigid, the jargon called no moisture, that is, very "dry". If you allow most of the light through the emerald, the transparency is higher, so that the emerald appears very crystalline, there is a "watery" feeling, the jargon image called water enough. Appreciate the high transparency of jadeite will be a kind of intoxication, this jadeite has a kind of moist feeling, it seems that the color is alive, can be released to the surrounding. Jargon and the transparency is called "species". Poor transparency is poor, there is a saying in the industry, "good seed cover three ugly":

1) can make the color of light jadeite appear crystal beautiful;

2) can make the color is not uniform due to each other's shadow and appear uniform;

3) can make the texture is not fine enough jadeite can not see the obvious particles.

3. Volume: in the case of the same color, species, bottom, work, cracks, etc., the larger the volume of the more expensive, for the high price of jadeite volume has a greater impact. For example, bead琏, bracelet are more raw materials to manufacture, if the ring material to do bracelet, the bracelet value to geometric progression, no wonder the bracelet can be auctioned to 10 million Hong Kong dollars. At the same time, the evaluation of paired items is much more expensive than a single one.

4. workmanship: for the ring, earrings and other jewelry, the requirements of the cut regular, polished excellent; for pendants, ornaments, the artisan's clever ideas, skillful craftsmanship will play a role in the decision.

Fifth, the origin of jadeite

More than 95% of the world's jadeite produced in northern Myanmar Myitkyina Mongkol region of the Udon River basin. Therefore, in a commercial sense, Myanmar is the only jadeite mine.

Six, the identification of jadeite authenticity

Currently, the market for the sale of jadeite is divided into the following types:

1. A goods: natural jadeite, the raw stone material does not make any chemical treatment, but only carved and polished treatment. The advantage of this kind of jadeite is that it is naturally occurring, does not change over time, and maintains a variety of elements that are beneficial to the body.

2. B goods: the natural emerald is soaked in medicinal water to increase the translucency of the emerald, and at the same time with immersion in the green color. This processed B goods jadeite with the passage of time, the green color will slowly fade, while becoming dull, generally two or three years will become completely different. This kind of emerald due to its high degree of simulation, it is difficult to recognize.

3. AB goods: between the two, part of the original stone material to fake treatment, more difficult to recognize.

4. C goods: fake goods made of glass or organic materials.

For these 3 kinds of non-natural jadeite, the following identification methods can be used respectively:

1. C goods:

① Hardness differentiation: the hardness of natural jadeite is 6.5-7, and there are very few of them with such a high hardness in nature or in the cheap synthetic materials. So you can use the hardness to distinguish C goods. The method is: with jadeite in the glass, if it is true jadeite, the glass will appear scratches, and jadeite all right, if the jadeite also appear slag phenomenon, is definitely C goods.

② bubbles: some synthetic materials in the process, inevitably appear small bubbles, if the naked eye or microscope can see the bubbles, certainly false.

③ Price: If you look at a very beautiful piece of jade, but the price is very low, it is time to check carefully, it is likely to be false. In the auction items given on this page, the prices are very high, you can as a comparison.

2. B goods, AB goods:

B goods are very difficult to distinguish, so now the market, even some jewelry stores are selling B goods. But as long as you often touch the jade, it is still easy to distinguish.

Generally speaking, B goods have some of the following characteristics:

① green directionality is destroyed, some yellowing, there is a sense of floating, unnatural;

② the surface produces a ditch-like crisscrossing grooves.

③ Naturally occurring things, there are bound to be some impurities and imperfections, if there are not any obvious shortcomings, beware.

④ Price: Because B goods are unstable, merchants are always in a hurry to get rid of them, so beware of price cuts or those with lower prices.

If you have an instrument, you can also refer to the following:

If you see strong yellow-green or blue-white fluorescence under ultraviolet light, it means that it is "B-goods"

The identification of fake jade

There is only one case of fake jade, which is the jar jade mentioned above. Although the jar of jade is very similar to jade, if you look closely, there are air holes. Compared with the real jade, the fake jade has a slight fly foot on the surface, no matter how the artificial rubbing, not moist for a long time, and brittle.

Stone impersonation of fake jade, sudden look quite similar to jade, but are not warm and moist, and the color and lustre of bright excess, more opaque, hardness more than lower than jade. Because of their hardness is low, so the real jade no matter how the rubbing will not change, and the more the disk more moist. And stone a rubbing, will immediately start changes, there are streaks appear.

In addition to the above methods of identification of fake jade, the most important thing is to identify the jade from the quality. In the undeveloped era of science, the ancients were unable to identify the mineral composition of gems and jade, and therefore, whenever they encountered gemstones, they had to distinguish them by their color. In today's world, although we already have mineralogical knowledge, the color of jade is still one of the most important bases for jade identification, because color is the most intuitive and easy-to-identify symbol that can be seen with the naked eye.

The reason why jade presents various colors is related to its mineral composition. In other words, the color of jade is related to the mineral's absorption of visible light (white light) of the same wavelength and the degree of absorption. At the same time, the color is also related to the pigment ions contained in the minerals and the defects of the crystals.

On the color of China's traditional jade and common gemstones, China's jewelry arts and crafts sector has accumulated a lot of experience over the years, and there are many color names with images. Such as jadeite jadeite green (color like emerald gemstone), green (color Cui not black), yellow Yang green (color Cui slightly yellow), Yang playful green (color Cui bright), glass green (color Cui transparent), parrot green (color Cui with the parrot feathers), spinach green (color thick but not bright), light water green (Cui light), light green (shallow and bright color), light green (color shallow and bright), frog green (color like frogs), green melon skin (watermelon rind), plum green (Cui points like plum-shaped), Gray green (green with gray), blue green (blue with green), oil green (green and dark gray), lotus root pink ground (light pinkish-purple tone), violet (violet color), chrome black (black green), white material (white), Fei material (all green) and other colors.

The nephrite is white (alabaster), fat-white (lamb's fat jade), green-gray or greenish-white (greenish-white jade), greenish (white-gray, white-green nephrite), yellow (topaz), green (green jade), black (nephrite), color (nephrite cat's-eye stone produced in Taiwan), in addition to the tiger-skinned nephrite with a yellowish-brown epidermis, and sugar nephrite and miscellaneous nephrite colors, and so on.

Lantian jade has white with green, white with yellow-green, the color is not very uniform, often nebulous, mottled.

Nanyang Jade has white, green, purple, yellow, emerald green, deep emerald green, blue-green, pure blue, white in blue, white in green, milky white, purple-white and so on. According to the statistics of Henan Geological Bureau there are more than 30 kinds of colors.

Turquoise has green, grass green, yellow green, white green, light white, light blue green, sky blue, lake blue, green with black spots and black lines.

Agate has red, purple red, maroon, earth red, dark red, white, gray, gray, green, grass green, green, onion green, blue, blue and white, blue, and a variety of colors to form a color pattern or ribbon, etc., the color is many and varied.

Lapis lazuli has blue, blue with purple hue, intense blue, deep blue, blue aventurine (with pyrite), blue with white (with calcite) and so on.

Malachite is available in green, peacock green, dark green, light green and dark composition stripes, emerald green, yellow-green and other colors.

Silicon malachite has light sky blue-green, sky blue, color like turquoise and so on.

Diamonds have colorless, white, black, purple, green, yellow, dark yellow, brown, yellow-brown, yellow-green, blue-green, blue, gray-black and other colors.

Rubies come in red, light red, pink, dark red, maroon, blood red, and rose-purple red.

Sapphires come in blue, sky blue, light blue, intense blue, blue-violet, purple, brown, yellow, yellow-green, colorless, and grayish white.

Emeralds are colorless, green, gray-green, yellow-green, yellow, golden, pink, emerald green (i.e., emerald), sky blue (i.e., aquamarine) and other colors.

The topaz is available in colorless, yellow, pale yellow, wine yellow, blue, sky blue, light green, green and yellow-green.

Golden emeralds are colorless, yellow, pale yellow, sunflower yellow, brown, yellow-brown, yellow-green, brown-green, tourmaline (cat's-eye), and variegated (change stone).

The jasper saint has red, deep red (double peach red), light red, green, dark green, dark green, yellow-green, colorless, sky blue, taupe, blue-green, blue, violet, purple, fuchsia, and tourmaline (appliance stone cat's eye stone).

Purple teeth Wu have red-based ferroaluminum garnet; red-based, but also rose, rich red, black red magnesium aluminum garnet; green, yellow, yellow-green, emerald-green (Ural emerald) calcium aluminum garnet; emerald-green calcium chromium garnet and so on.

Moonstone is available in moon white, white, gray, light blue, sky blue, green, and tourmaline.

Crystals are colorless, purple (amethyst), brown (chalcopyrite), black (ink crystal), pink, and containing green, black, yellow and other needle-like mineral inclusions (hair crystals) and flare crystals containing gold mica, hematite shiny small pieces.

Fluorite has colorless, light blue, blue-green, green, yellow, yellow-green, purple, pink, emerald green and other miscellaneous colors.

By the above can be seen, many jade and gemstone color has the same and similar places, when the color can not be distinguished, with the help of mineralogical knowledge and instrument identification. For example, the transparency and luster of jade, jade and gemstone luminescence, the specific gravity and hardness of jade, the optical constants of the ancient five minerals, the observation of the microcosm of the ancient jade minerals, the use of chemical analysis to identify the ancient jade, etc., in addition to the color, luster and transparency of the jade can be observed with the naked eye, it is necessary to rely on the knowledge of the walk lithology, mineralogy, the use of a variety of instruments to measure. Especially the chemical analysis method and the electron microscope measurement method, not only can accurately determine the jade quality, but also can speculate the origin of the jade. As long as the jade quality is determined, all fake jade are revealed.

Hey, I don't know much about it, so I hope that those who do know how to do it will share their knowledge.

How to correctly see the jade identification certificate

How to correctly see the jade identification certificate, one of the most effective way to identify the authenticity of the jade is to let the sale of businessmen issued by the national authority of the identification certificate. The national authority of the certificate of identification of jadeite identification accuracy is quite high, it should be said that very few "leakage" time, even in the event of a problem, but also can be pursued for compensation. This requires collectors to have the "important technology" is how to read the identification certificate on the various results.

The national authority issued by the jadeite certificate, in its appraisal results in one, if it is a natural A-goods jadeite, the result is only "jadeite" the two words, and will not be marked "A-goods", "natural" and other words. "and other words. Please pay attention to the following aspects:

First, only natural A goods, will be issued as a result of the "jade" certificate.

Second, if it is B goods jade, in the certificate of identification results in one will be marked "Jade (processing)", "Jade (glue)", "Jade (B goods)" or "Jade (B goods)" or "Jade (processing)". "Jadeite (optimized)".

Third, C goods jadeite, will be labeled "Jadeite (dyeing)".

Fourth, D-goods jadeite, in the identification certificate results in a, will not appear "jadeite" words, what is a substitute, mark the name of such a substitute, such as "man-made glass", "dyed quartzite", "jade", "Malay jade" and so on.

Fifth, the certificates should be one for one, i.e., one for each item, and they should have a picture of the item and its weight.

While some things come from a piece of raw material, the appearance looks very similar, but jade jewelry is not exactly the same. One thing with a certificate does not prove the quality of the whole batch. Some merchants in order to save costs, only a certificate as a sample, photos of goods and physical goods are also very similar, which can not be concluded that they are selling this batch of goods are natural, this practice is not in line with national regulations.

Sixth, some of the basic physical, chemical and optical characteristics of jadeite should also be marked on the certificate.

Refractive index: 1.66 (which is unique to jadeite itself and other gemstones different refractive index);

Density: 3.33 (also jadeite and other gemstones to distinguish the characteristics);

Amplified detection: fibers intertwined structure (which is unique to a structure of jadeite);

Absorption spectra: 437 nm absorption line (which is unique to the jadeite absorption spectrum);

Color filter examination: no reaction (some stained jadeite will turn red under the color filter);

Luminosity: aggregates (jadeite is a micro-mineral aggregate);

Fluorescence: no (some B goods will have a fluorescent reaction after the injection of glue);

Appearance characteristics: glassy luster (some B goods will have a waxy luster).

Finally, there should be the signature of the inspector, and the most important point is that there should be a steel seal or anti-counterfeiting mark on the certificate.

The two most authoritative appraisal institutions in Beijing are the National Jewelry and Jade Quality Supervision and Inspection Center under the former Ministry of Geology and Mining and the Beijing Gaode Jewelry Appraisal Institute under the former Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. One thing to be reminded, that is, there are many merchants issued by the certificate is not the national authority of the appraisal organization, so the certificate in the accuracy and authority may be discounted. According to the China Gemstone Association in 2004, No. 001, the results of nationwide sampling showed that at least 19 appraisal organizations issued certificates of intentional increase in diamond grade, quartzite identified as jadeite and other issues, including some appraisal organizations have a large number of unqualified tests. These problems are not all limited by the level of detection, but for some interests artificial false, which is more consumers must pay special attention to.